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Halper, B. 
Descriptive catalogue 
genizah fragments in 


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Dits Cie e On NE OG UE 


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GENIZAH FRAGMENTS 


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ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF COGNATE LANGUAGES, THE DROPSIE COLLEGE 





PHIVADELPALTA 
THE DROPSIE COLLEGE FOR HEBREW AND COGNATE LEARNING 


1924 


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| PRINTED AT 
THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY PRESS A 


— PHILADELPHIA, PENNA. 





LO 
DOCEORSGY RUS eA ULE 
PIONEER COLLECTOR OF GENIZAH- FRAGMENTS 
ONT OCCASION OFTHE SIXTIHIH 
ANNIVERSARY Diese bl hi HGS ei Dicks 13701923) 


CONTENTS 


EretaloryniN GUG@) fei: ee aoe eee See eel ee eee 9 
I. Bible (Texts, Translations, Commentaries, Glosses, and Gram- 
OE: ha Ree ete ONL pias echt eM ier Sie ara koe Ncare ahead EN 14 


II. Talmud, Midrash, and Halakah (Texts, Translations, Commen- 


Cantesta NC MIDICLION alles mewn mr ee eee nee ke On 4) 

Teele CLIO Vareed Wisc Ser an Wire ane sae ae ON on eel Peek i cig os oe 86 
ENP Secu la uer Obl hye wee ae othe Gnesi evn Ts cinta: ewes 166 
Meevocitinents and: elterscas aceon. oe os bt Chee iS 
WIMpiOsepuveandsisaDpalal a. wil awee oN gn eee aes 208 
Mile wviiscellancous, Gviedicine,.f olk-loré, etc.) -..22 7.202. 2 214 
EAGESCOION BIGGS ann Meta stat See cers Gale ath a ce tae, A le pp | 





PREFATORY NOTE 


THE various Genizot of the Orient, especially that of 
the Old Cairo synagogue, have for centuries preserved some 
important remnants of Jewish literature which were unknown 
until comparatively recent years. The publication of all 
the fragments would undoubtedly throw a flood of light 
upon Jewish history, would enhance our knowledge of the 
various branches of Jewish literature, and would clear up 
many obscure phases. But owing to the hugeness of the 
task and the lack of special funds for this purpose, any 
publication on a large scale is for the moment out of 
the question. The most that we can expect in the near 
future is to have a complete catalogue of the various col- 
lections stored up in European and American libraries. 
For one reason or another, only three catalogues of Genizah 
fragments have hitherto appeared, those of the Bodleian 
Library, of the British Museum, and of Elkan N. Adler.! 


It is to be hoped that the present catalogue, which is 
confined to the description of Genizah fragments in the city 


of Philadelphia, will prove of value to scholars. 

The fragments described in the following pages form 
five main collections which were purchased at different 
times. Dr. Cyrus Adler acquired his fragments while in 
Cairo in 1891, that is, about five years prior to Professor 
Schechter’s famous ‘expedition’ to that city. The Honor- 
able Mayer Sulzberger, Professor David Werner Amram, 
Dr. Herbert Friedenawld, and Professor Camden M. Cobern 
subsequently obtained their collections, which presumably 
hail from the Orient (most of the fragments seem to be 


1 Neubauer and Cowley, Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian 
Library, vol. II, Oxford, 1906; G. Margoliouth, Catalogue of the Hebrew and Samaritan 
Manuscripts in the British Muesum, London, 1899-1915; Catalogue of Hebrew Manu- 
scripts in the Collection of Elkan Nathan Adler, Cambridge, 1921. 

9 


10 PREFATORY NOTE 


from the Cairo Genizah), from various dealers. Dr. Adler, 
Mr. Sulzberger, and Dr. Friedenwald donated their col- 
lections. to the Dropsie College, while Professor Amram 
presented thirty of his fragments to the University of Penn- 
sylvania, seven to Mr. Ephraim Lederer, and six to the 
Young Men’s Hebrew Association of Philadelphia. The 
Dropsie College purchased the Amram and the Cobern 
Collections, and Mr. Lederer kindly presented his fragments 
to the same institution. Accordingly, all the fragments 
described in this Catalogue, with the exception of those at 
the University of Pennsylvania (marked U. P.) and at the 
Young Men’s Hebrew Association (marked. Y. M. H. A.), 
are in the Dropsie College Library. 


Although these fragments were acquired at random, 
they practically represent all branches of Jewish literature. 
Fven the fourteen fragments in the Friedenwald Collection 
contain Bible, Talmud, Liturgy, Kabbalah, and ethical 
works. In the Amram and Sulzberger Collections there is 
a comparatively large number of legal documents and 
letters, a good many of which are of great value for the 
study of Jewish history. Owing to the multiplicity of 
subjects, the task of identifying these fragments is by no 
means an easy one. My difficulty was enhanced by not 
having a complete collection of Hebraica and Judaica at 
my disposal for ready reference. It was only by a thorough 
and careful perusal that I was able to identify nearly all 
the fragments. In many cases a mere guess or chance put 
me on the right track. The few fragments that still remain 
unidentified are so minutely described that any one familiar 
with the subject will have no difficulty in recognizing 
them. Some years ago Dr. Cyrus Adler had begun to 
work on a few of his fragments, and I found his notes very 
useful. 


The branches of Jewish literature that gain most by 


PREFATORY NOTE 11 


these fragments are undoubtedly, as is the case with 
practically all Genizah collections, Halakah and Liturgy, 
especially the latter. In the liturgic codices, mainly in the 
Adler Collection, we meet some names of hymn writers 
who were either entirely unknown or whose hymns have 
rarely been preserved. Mention may be made of Nissi 
al- Nahrwani?—that blind scholar who had been offered the 
Gaonate by David b. Zaccai before Sa‘adya was appointed 


Gaon*—whose Confession was erroneously ascribed to Nis- 





sim b. Jacob of Kairuwan. There is no reference to him in 
Zunz’s Literaturgeschichte der synagogalen Poesie, and only 
two of his hymns are recorded in the Catalogue of the 
Bodleian Library; but from his hymns and Selihot, pre- 
served in No. 275 and other fragments, it may be inferred 
that Nissi was a prolific paitan. Incidentally we learn that 
his father’s name was Berechiah.4 The same codex has 
preserved a series of piyyutim by Joseph ibn Abitor, based 
upon the fifteen Songs of Ascents (Psalms 120-134). There 
is every reason to assume that the poet composed fifteen 
piyyutim, all beginning with oY. In this codex we find six 
complete piyyutim and the beginning of a seventh belong- 
ing to this series constructed on a definite plan, a full 
description of which is given in this Catalogue. Zunz° only 
knew of two of these hymns (the second and the third, the 
latter of which he hestiatingly ascribes to this author), and 
did not detect their intrinsic connection. Altogether about 
two hundred and fifty piyyutim have been recorded in this 
Catalogue. Owing to the circumstance that the greater 
part of these liturgic compositions are either still unpub- 


* Although in all acrostics the spelling of this paitan’s name is ’D°}, it seems to be 
merely a case of plene writing. Accordingly, this name is abbreviated from 0°D3, just 
as *D) is the shortened form of -}DY. It is, however, possible that ’D’] is a Persian name 
similar to °’M, and has nothing to do with Dl] or O’D). Should this assumption be cor- 


rect, the transliteration of this name would be Nisi. 
3 See Neubauer, Mediaeval Jewish Chronicles, vol. II, p. 80. 
4 The full name is found in the acrostic of No. 275, 43. 
5 Literaturgeschichte der synagogalen Poesie, p. 179, Nos. 42, 43. 


TZ PREFATORY NOTE 


lished or inaccessible to scholars, I deemed it advisable to 
describe their structure as minutely as possible. The alpha- 
betic arrangements employed by the paitanim being of 
various kinds, it is insufficient to describe them merely as 
a"8 or p’wn. In many cases the alphabet or the author's 
name is so skilfully and intricately worked in as to be baf- 
fling at first sight, especially when the writing is faded and 
the lines are continuous and not separated by dots. The 
hymn of Samuel the Third, or Fourth (No. 252, 8), may 
serve as an illustration of this point. In ascertaining 
whether a piyyut had ever been published, I was aided by 
my friend, Professor Israel Davidson, of the Jewish Theo- 
logical Seminary of America, who has examined all printed 
works housed in the Seminary Library, and given a detailed 
account of each piyyut and poem occurring in them. I here- 
with wish to express my gratitude to him for his kindness in 
putting at my disposal his manuscript work which is a veri- 
table Thesaurus of Liturgic Poetry, supplementing Zunz’s 
Literaturgeschichte der synagogalen Poeste. Of peculiar in- 
terest are also the fragments of Azharot in Jewish-Arabic 
(Nos. 262, 263, belonging to the Adler and Friedenwald 
Collections, respectively). That they represent two in- 
dependent poems is evident from the different systems of 
enumerating the 613 precepts which they presuppose. 
Another liturgic poem in Jewish-Arabic is the translation 
of Judah ha-Levi’s famous poem 72 °9 (No. 282), which 
is also known under the title PI0N 7. On the basis of 
some fragments it may be asserted that there was a vast 
literature, in Jewish-Arabic, on prayer in its various rami- 


fications, only faint traces of which have been preserved. 


Among the talmudic fragments and the documents, 
attention may be drwan to the Arabic original of Hefes 
b. Yasliah’s Book of Precepts (No. 121; published, Phila- 
delphia, 1915); the extracts from the Yerushalmi (No. 85); 


PREFATORY NOTE 13 


the twenty-two parchment leaves of the “Aruk (No. 97) 
which prove that the author divided his Dictionary into 
books and chapters in the manner of Arabic lexicographers; 
the Arabic translation of Maimonides’ Yad ha-Hazakah 
(No. 133); the autograph responsum of Abraham the son 
of Maimonides (No. 159). Foremost among the documents 
is Sa‘adya’s letter, addressed to his three pupils in Egypt 
(No. 332), which was published by Schechter in his Saadyana, 
pp. 24-6, and served as a connecting link in the Ben Meir 
controversy. This fragment is part of a codex which prob- 
ably contained historical letters or documents relating to 
this controversy similar to the compilation of H. J. Born- 
stein (Warsau, 1904). Although this document is not the 
original, it is indisputably Sa‘adya’s, as may be seen from 
the four lines, in Arabic script, which were omitted by 
Schechter. Other documents that may be cited here are 
those relating to Masliah ha-Kohen, Gaon of Egypt in the 
first half of the twelfth century (Nos. 342, 343); the legal 
document drawn up in the court of Daniel (No. 346); the 
edict issued by Abraham the son of Maimonides (No. 347). 
On the whole, these documents reveal some interesting 
details in the inner life of mediaeval Egyptian Jewry. 


I 


BIBLE (TExts, TRANSLATIONS, COMMENTARIES, 
GLOSSES, AND GRAMMAR) 


Part of a codex of the Pentateuch with masoretic notes. 
Gen. 6. 5-7. 3. 

First column of recto begins with nv7 (6. 5), and the last legible 
words of the second column are [Man|7 ms (6. 14). First column of 
verso begins with mbon TON (6. 16), and the second column ends 
with map (7. 3). 

One parchment leaf, badly damaged and obliterated, measuring 
72> 72 ins. (= 18.7 18.2 cms) = There seem: 108 Daves Decnmtne 
columns to a page, and the number of lines ranged from sixteen to 
seventeen toacolumn. The text is in bold, beautiful square character, 
vocalized and accented, while the masoretic notes are in a smaller 
Hance ceVigwit a 

2 


Part of a codex of the Pentateuch with masoretic notes. Gen. 
10. 14-12. 15. 

Fol. 1a begins with o’onnd-nx) (10. 14); the last legible line is 
nx [57] jup (10. 26); 1b begins with baiy-ne) (10. 28), and ends 
with wr (11. 6); 2a continues 1b, and the last legible line is MNpd 
aby) maw (11. 15); 2 b begins with 1>b-ns (11. 17), and ends with np” 
(11. 29); 3a continues 2b, and the last legible line is }7MIa wy (12. 5); 
3b begins with noo (ibid.), and ends with 187) (12. 1S 

Three parchment leaves, badly damaged, measuring 8X8} ins. 
(=20.3 X20.9 cm.). There are two columns to a page and seventeen 
lines to a column, besides several lines of masoretic notes above and 
below the text. Bold square character, with vowel-points and ac- 
cents. The masoretic notes are in a smaller hand and unvocalized. 
[Amram]. 

3 

Gen. 14. 24-15. 18. 


The first legible word is Dwinn (14. 24). The column ends with 
14 


BIBLE 15 


main (15. 18). There are a few fragmentary lines of the next column 
containing 17. 7-13. 


A piece of parchment, badly damaged, forming part of a Scroll 
of the Law. A little over a column has been preserved. Size 15373 


ins. (=40X19 cm.). Bold square character. [Amram.] 


4 
Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Gen. 27. 7-30 16. 


Fol. 1a begins with mx) (27. 7), and the last legible word is 
Yas (27. 34); fol. 1b begins with mx) (27. 37), and the last legible word 
is M78 (28. 12); fol. 2a begins with ’n 47 (28. 15), and the last legible 
word is [J7a]ys (29. 18); 2b begins with nx (29. 23), and last legible 
word is [aD}w (30. 16). There are variants in orthography and 
vocalization. While this codex tends to scriptio plena, there are 
examples of defective writing of words which are plene in our masoretic 
text. D2 for ab 27, 9) siaysa for 3292 (27. 10)? TAR? for THN? 
(27. 29); T2102) for TIM (27. 33); mx before jxxm (29. 3) is repeated 
twice, and there is a line through ]&¥7; IPNpHA for WHIpPHA (29. 26); 
DR for 28 (30. 1). 


Two paper leaves, badly damaged, forming the inner sheet of 
a fascicle. Size 83X13 ins. (=21.933 cm.). There are three co- 
lumns to a page, and there must have been about twenty-six lines to 
a column; but the lower part is torn off, and only about eleven to 
seventeen lines have been preserved. Large square character, vocalized 
and accented. Masoretic notes on the margin in a smaller hand. 
[Sulzberger. | 

5 
Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Gen. 37. 9-35; 41. 24-50. 


Fol. la begins with mim Ny (37. 9), and 1b ends with 7758 (37. 
35). Some leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. The latter begins 
with yaw mx (41. 24), and 2b ends with 0712 (41. 50). The vocalization 
is faulty, and there are some orthographic variants. npn for NOY 
(37. 10); “28 for “38 (2bid.); POY for POY (37. 14); WIP) for Wr 
(41. 32); 8$237 for 8¥DI7 (41. 38); Fm for Jnx (41. 41); NBS for NBS 
(41. 45); TPIND for M7IND (41. 48). 

Two parchment leaves, badly damaged, forming the outer sheet 
of a fascicle. Size 93718 ins. (=24.8X20.1 cm.). There are two 
columns to a page, and twenty-two lines to a column. Beautiful 


square character with vowel-points. [Sulzberger.] 


16 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


6 

Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Lev. 1. 9-17. 

Recto begins with mby (1. 9), and verso ends with rapruprs (cin. ib 
While this leaf seems to belong to an accurate codex, the orthography 
differs somewhat from that of our Masorah, as Nm) instead of mm) 
(1.9), and 572° instead of 542° (1. 17). 

One paper leaf, measuring 93 X64 ins. (=24.816.4 cm.). There 
are thirteen lines to a page. Bold square character, vocalized and 
accented. [Sulzberger.] 

7 

Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Lev. 1. 14-3. 3. 

Fol. la begins with 27pm (1. 14), and 1b ends with ow (2. 1); 
2a continues 1b, and 2b ends with mwyn (2.7); 3a continues 2b, 
and 3b ends with [2]1pn (2. 14); 4a continues 3b, and 4b ends with 
apn by (3. 3). It is part of a very carelessly written codex. While 
the orthography generally agrees with that of our Masorah, there are 
numerous mistakes in the letters. 2 and 5 are frequently confused. 
The codex does not seem to be the work of a professional scribe. 

Four paper leaves, badly damaged, forming the inner sheets of 
a fascicle. Size 635} ins. (=17.4X13 cm.). There are nine lines 


to a page. Square character with sporadic vocalization. [Sulzberger.| 


8 

Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Lev. 11. 40-12. 7; 13. 26-42. 

Fol. la begins with rma (11. 40), and 1b ends with 707 (12. 7). 
Some leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. The latter begins with 
MSV ON) (13. 42). There are some orthographic variants and scribal 
errors. On the whole, the codex seems to have been carelessly writ- 
ten. 9m for qb (11. 42); jm for pm (ébéd.); onNovN for DMOwN 
(Kere onxpon, 11. 43); onwsapm for onetpnm (11. 44); nun for 
sawn (11. 47); ree for nwdw) (12. 4); wa for wan (12..6 2a pppatdr 
sppyaiake tas 7% mnvp> for mnwp-xd (13. 28); last NIN (zbid.) and ova 
oywavn (13. 34) are omitted. 

Two paper leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, measuring 
43X33 ins. (=12.48.8 cm.). Number of lines ranges from nineteen 


to twenty-one to a page. Square character. [Sulzberger.] 


9 


Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Lev. 16. 18-32. 
Recto begins with m7” 1255 -we (Lev. 16. 18), and ends with 


BIBLE 1g 


O>nwD) m& (16. 29). Verso continues recto, and ends with wtpnm 12 
(15492): 


A parchment leaf, badly mutilated, measuring 10394 ins. 
(=26.824 cm.). There are two columns to a page, and the number 
of lines to a column ranges from nineteen to twenty. Verso has only 
half a column of ten lines, the rest of the page being blank. Beautiful 


large square character. [Amram.] _ 


10 
Part of the Pentateuch. Lev. 15. 33-18. 1. 
The first legible word on column 1 is mapidy (15. 33); it ends with 
mim (16. 14). The first legible word on column 2 is OoOnxUN (16. 21); 
it ends with wad) (16. 32). The first legible word on column 3 is 
oan (17. 10); it ends with nwo (18. 1). 


A piece of parchment, which may have been part of a scroll, as 
the writing is only on one side. It is badly damaged on all sides, 
except the lower part, and contains about two and a half columns. 
Size 154X181 ins. (=39.3 46.3 cm.). Highest number of lines pre- 
served on a column is twenty-eight. Verso is blank. Beautiful large 


square character. ([Sulzberger.] 


li 
Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Lev. 16. 31-17. 2. 
Recto begins with omy) o55 xn (16. 31), and verso ends with 
[oxnier oon S95 Sy (17. 2). 
One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 64 X43 ins, 
(=16.5X11.8 cm.). There are nine lines to a page. Large square 
character, vocalized and accented. [Y. M. H. A.] 


12 
Part of a codex of the Pentateuch (Hebrew text and Targum), 
Lev. 23. 10-20. The Hebrew text and the Targum are given alter- 
nately, verse by verse. 
Recto begins with N7D1y m (Targum of 23. 10), and ends with 
yaw (Targum of 23. 15). Verso continues recto, and ends with wap 
3220): 


One parchment leaf, with a piece of paper pasted on the top, 
measuring 63 X43 ins. (=17.112.4 cm.). There are seventeen lines 
to a page. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. 
Vovel-points and accents have been added by a later hand. [Amram.] 


18 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


13 

Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Lev. 26. 3-36. 

Fol. la begins with 1n9wn (26. 3), and 1b ends with DD¥7N (20. 
26); fol. 2a continues 1b, and 2b ends with my (26. 50) CAovery 
accurate codex. 

Two parchment leaves, badly damaged, forming the inner sheet 
of a fascicle. Size 8X72 ins .(=20.3 19.7 cm.). There are seventeen 
lines to a page. Clumsy square character, vocalized and accented. 
[Sulizberger.] 

14 

Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Num. 8. 21-9. 4. 

Recto begins with 153") (8. 21), and verso ends with nwy> (9. 4). 
There are a few textual and orthographic variants. Thus wn) for wana 
(9. 3); myIMAa for MyDA (cbid.). 

One paper leaf, measuring 84 <6} ins. (=20.9X15.8 cm.). There 
are ten lines to a page. Bold square character, vocalized and accented. 
{Sulzberger.] 

15 

Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Num. 16. 30-17. 4. 

Recto begins with 1wx-55 (16. 30), and ends with wm) (16. 35). 
Verso continues recto, and ends with nwmin (17. 4). 

It seems to be part of a very accurate codex. 

One parchment leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 6453 ins. 
(=16.4x14 cm.). 

Recto has twelve lines of text, beside four lines, in a smaller hand, 
of masoretic notes, two above and two below. Verso has eleven 
lines of text (there is some space between chapter 16 and 17), beside 
the four lines of masoretic notes. Bold square character, with vowel- 
points and accents. [Amram.] 

16 

Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Deut. 1. 15-25. 

Fol. 1a begins with Owpn7w) (1. 15), and ends with Ws (1. 17); 
1b continues la, and ends with 71237 (1. 22); 2b continues 2a, and 
ends with punt maw (1. 25). 

Two paper leaves, forming the inner sheets of a fascicle, slightly 
faded. Size 644% ins. (=15.8X11 cm.). There are ten lines to a 
page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


17 
Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Deut. 1. 31-36. 


BIBLE 19 


Recto begins with &w’ 7WRD spmbx (1. 31), and verso ends with 
nx NdD (1. 36). 


One paper leaf, damaged and faded, measuring 63X48 ins. 
(=15.7X11.8 cm.). There are ten lines to a page. Square character 


with a tendency to cursiveness. [Y. M. H. A.] 


18 

Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Deut. 5. 1-14. 

Recto begins with 87p") (5. 1), and ends with may (5. 6); verso 
continues recto, and ends with ov) (5. 14). Recto is vocalized, but 
the vowels are not always the same as in our texts. Altogether the 
vowels seem to have been carelessly put in. A glaring instance is 
DAT21 (5. 1) instead of On71, Verso is entirely without vowel- 
points, and even the verses are not always divided. The last few 
lines are nostly obliterated. 

One parchment leaf, measuring 737 ins. (=18.7X17.8 cm.). 
There are fourteen lines to a page. Square character. ([Adler.] 


19 
Part of a codex of the Pentateuch. Deut. 7. 17-19. 6. 
Recto begins with oNn °D (7. 17), and verso ends with o> nbs 
(9. 16). 
A piece of parchment, badly damaged, measuring 9394 ins. 
(=24.8X23.5 cm.). Each side has two columns, and each column 
has twenty-nine lines. Oriental square character. [Amram.] 


20 
Part of the Book of Joshua. 21. 6-24. 32. 


Fol. la begins with }1w7) 995) (21. 6), and 1b ends with omaxd 
(21. 43); fol. 2a continues ib, and 2b ends with pon (22 Stole 
3a continues 2b, and 3b ends with Dxrw *ypr> (24. 1); fol. 4a con- 
tinues 3b, and 4b ends with moxy (24. 32). There are a number of 
variants, especially in orthography and vocalization. Some words 
are missing altogether, while others have been restored by a later 
hand. py ns for py ne) (21. 16); [7P for NP (21. 26); ydn for pda 
(Kere }>11, 21. 27); TWMWY2 for TINWYA (ibid.). The second O72 
(21. 44) is unvocalized, 9D nN is apparently crossed out by a line, and 
on the margin there is WN; it is thus evident that the copyist wanted 
the verse to read O73 TT NM) Wwe OPIN SDD OF IDA wR Toy NdI. 
3 forma (21. 45); 17937 (22. 30) is missing and is not supplied on the 


20 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


margin; 8°2N) for 78IN) (24. 8); from ywrim (24. 22) to yw (24. 24) 
has been omitted through homoioteleuton. 

Four parchment leaves, badly mutilated, forming the inner sheets 
of a fascicle. Size 108% ins. (=25.4X21.9 cm.). There are two 
columns to a page, and twenty-five lines toa column. Square character, 


vocalized and accented. [Sulzberger.] 


2| 


Part of First Book of Kings. 1. 29-2. 13; 7. 24-8. 10. 

Fol. 1a begins with n> $5 (1. 29), and ends with [a’Nrjpn (1.49); 
fol. 1b continues la, and ends with fondoy (2. 13). Some leaves are 
missing between 1b and 2a. Fol. 2a begins with 1n[N] (7. 24), and 
ends with [noajwd (7. 42). The last line is burned; fol. 2b begins 
with wx >y (ébid.), and ends with [n]wxa (8. 10), There are also some 
marginal notes by a later hand, indicating words omitted in the text 
and Haftarot. The edges are damaged. 

Two parchment leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, 
measuring 103X107 ins. (=27X27.6 cm.). Each page has three 
columns. Number of lines ranges from 25 to 27. Square character. 


vocalized and accented. [Friedenwald.] 


tafe 


Part of a biblical codex. 2 Kings 5. 8-13. 

Recto begins with Synw (5. 8), and verso ends with FIN) (Ou S)8 
There are a few orthographic variants. Yob)Da for 1DIDA (5. 9); TION 
for Max (Kere 0x, 5. 12); Nb for wbn (5. 13). 

One paper leaf, measuring 62X54 ins. (=17.113 cm.). There 
are twelve lines to a page. Beautiful square character, vocalized and 


accented. [Sulzberger.] 


23 


Part of a biblical codex. 2. Kings 23. 3-24. 3. 

The first legible word in recto is [727] M8 (23. 3), and the last 
legible words of verso are [Syl SVienbs (OES, 43) 

There are some masoretic notes. 

A piece of parchment, torn in two, badly damaged and faded. 
Size 73X11 ins. (=19.727.9 cm.). Each side has three columns. 
As the top is torn off, it is impossible to say how many lines there 
were to a column. Bold square character, with vowel-points. 


jAmram.] 


BIBLE Ua 


24 

Part of a codex of Isaiah. 15. 1-18. 4. 

Recto begins with 7[73] (last word of Isa. 15. 1), and ends with 
[b]D3 and TaD (16. 14). The first column of verso is almost entirely 
damaged, and the first visible word is O'7DND (17. 3); the third column 
ends with *>x (18. 4). The orthography, while generally accurate, 
deviates sometimes from our masoretic text with regard to defective 
or full writing. Thus mb5day instead of nbody (17.6). The vocalization 
is in some cases curious, and points to the Oriental origin of the codex, 
as, for instance, njon for njon (17. 10). Of peculiar interest is the 
vocalization 383} instead of asi (17. 11), since the Septuagint renders 
this word by KQL OS TATN p- 

One parchment leaf, badly mutilated and torn, measuring 114 
103 ins. (=29.2 26.8 cm.). There are three columns to a page, and 
at least twenty-four lines to a column, apart from a number of ma- 
soretic notes on the margins. Beautiful large square character; vo- 


calized and accented, probably by a later hand. [Amram.] 


25 

Part of a biblical codex. Zech. 14. 2-11. 

Recto begins with aeebh (14. 2), and ends with xgim7 ova (14. 6); 
verso continues recto, and ends with 7A 12¥) (14. 11). 

One paper leaf, slightly faded, measuring 74 ins.(=17.8 12.4 
cm.). Bold square character, with vowels and accents added by a 
later hand. There are eleven lines of text on each side, besides one 
or two lines of notes in a smaller hand. ‘There are also some notes 


on the margin. [Amram.] 


26 
Psalm: 37. 23—37. 


Recto begins with wD (37.23), and ends with pty (37. 30); verso 
continues recto, and ends with mM -ns (37. 37). 

Judging by the mode of writing the divine name, this leaf may 
have formed part of a prayer-book. 

One paper leaf, measuring 645 ins. (=16.412.7 cm.). There 
are thirteen lines to a page. The words are not evenly spaced, and 
the scribe probably intended to give the lines a poetic appearance. 
Square character, with vowel-points and accents. [Amram.] 


ah 
bartso1, 4 biblical rcodex.© Ps. 50718-5129: 


22 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


Recto begins with O°)xNI9 OY) (50. 18), and ends with WsD (51.2); 
verso continues recto, and ends with "28unn (51. 9). The vocalization 
and the orthography differ slightly from our Masorah. Thus 0283? 
(50. 18) instead of PPMP; ya (51. 7) instead of ya; Mmva (51. 8) 
instead of mnva. 

A piece of parchment, trimmed on the lower side, although no 
words have been cut off. Size 6%; 5 ins. (=16X12.7 cm.). Recto 
has thirteen lines, while verso has eleven. Bold square character, 
with vowel-points and accents, probably supplied by a later hand. 
{Amram. ] 

28 

Part of the Book of Psalms. 106. 5-107. 37; 118. 29-119. 86. 

Fol. 1a begins with qn>m (106. 5). and 1b ends with mw (107. 
37). Some leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. The latter begins 
with mm (118. 29), and 2b ends with ymso (119. 86).. Thereis a 
great number of variants in the orthography and vocalization. There 
is especially a tendency in this codex to employ 1 and ” as often as 
possible, although in some cases this fragment writes defectively words 
which are written plene in our Masorah. A few examples may be 
given here: 7nx>b2 for 7>mNdp2 (106. 7); mby72 for mb7) (106. 21); 
Ons for OM (106. 26); DMID for DNYD (106. 30); AYO for AYN (106.40) + 
*8S10) for °S¥D1 (107. 33); -781] for °7M81 (119. 2); F>mmATsS for TNS 
(119. 15)s'Spinatior 9 Phas (119 223 je sD ore p11 e248) a an Se 
for ApS an MOR sS,, 

Two parchment leaves, badly damaged, forming the outer sheet 
of a fascicle. Size 11192 ins. (=28.2 23.8 cm.). There are twenty- 
six lines toa page. Beautiful square character; vocalized and accented, 
probably by a later hand. [Sulzberger.] 


29 

Part of the Book of Psalms. 126. 6-134. 3. 

Fol. 1a begins with 719m (126. 6), and ends with bsnw (128. 6); 
fol. 1a begins with w (129. 1), and ends with 7199. (131 1); fol. 2a 
continues 1b, and ends with [95 xJond (132. 12); fol. 2b continues 
2a, and ends with yam (134. 3). The orthography differs from that 
of the Masorah. It often inserts 1} and” as matres lectionis, as NY72 
(126. 6), Bxnd (127. 4), 7a” (128. 4), savn (130. 4). More impor- 
tant variants are m7 (127. 2) and wa (129. 6). 

Some words have been scribbled on top of fol. 1b by a later hand. 


Two parchment leaves, measuring 63 X61 ins. (=17.4X15.8 cm). 


BIBLE 23 


Number of lines to a page ranges from eighteen to twenty-one. 
Square character. [Adler.] 


30 

Part of the Book of Psalms or prayer-book. Psalms 135. 6-17. 

Recto begins with p83) (135. 6), and ends with aban) (Gis 
21); verso continues recto, and ends with 170n (136. 17). It is punctu- 
ated and accented. But neither the vowels nor the accents are iden- 
tical with those of the printed texts. Altogether the vocalization is 
peculiar. Dagesh forte is inserted in the first letter of almost every 
word. Even 8 sometimes has a dagesh, as 7783) (135. 6) and "787 
(135.11). Asarule scriptio plene is prevalent in this fragment. Thus 
mw (135. 10) and 77D"? (135. 13). Strange vocalizations are meu 
(135. 7), 19 (135. 12), OFM (135. 14). Through the oversight of the 
copyist, all the words between O°7¥%9 (135. 8) and ox (135. 9) are 
omitted. 

One of the lower corners is burned. 

One parchment leaf, measuring 6; <5i ins. (=1614.9 cm.), 
Number of lines of each page is seventeen. Square character. 
[Adler.] 


3l 

Parts olsaa biblical codex. Prey. 30272/-31..9. 

Recto begins with 4bn (20 27), and ends with 2°" (30. 33); verso 
begins with ’a[4] (31. 1), and ends with jvam) (31.9). There are 
some masoretic notes on the margin. 

One parchment leaf, badly damaged, measuring 63 X/7 ins. 
(=16.8X17.8 cm.). Recto has eight lines, there being extra space 
between 30. 28 and 30. 29, while verso has nine lines. Bold square 


character with vowel-points and accents. [Amram.] 


32 

Part of a biblical codex. Prov. 31. 20—-Job 1. 18: 

Fol. 1a begins with 77 (Prov. 31. 20), and ends the chapter; 
fol. 1b has a masoretic note belonging to the preceding book, and 
then goes on, without a heading: 7 ws (Job 1. 1); it ends with 
1972) (1. 5); 2a continues 1b, and ends with nown eZ) ee UsCols 
tinues 2a, and ends with maa (1. 18). 

The codex to which this fragment belongs must have been very 
beautiful, although the vocalization and orthography are not accurate, 


24 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


that is to say, not in accordance with the Masorah. Thus 517 in- 
stead of °b’n (Prov. 31. 30); OFNYNS for OAM (Job 1. 4); Sa for 
sia) (1. 6); DVT for OVA (1. 8); MND for MDD (ibid.); THY for TYYD 
(1. 10); odo for oboe (1. 13); omen for Orne (ibid.). 

Two parchment leaves, slightly damaged, forming the inner sheet 
of a fascicle. Size 6X7 ins.(=15.2X17.8 cm.). There must have 
been twelve lines to a page; but fol. la, concluding a book, only has 
eleven lines, while 1b has ten lines of text and two of masoretic notes. 


Bold square character, with vowel-points and accents. [Amram.] 


33 

Part of a biblical codex. Job 2. 4-3. 26; 7. 8-8. 21. 

Fol. la begins with jm (2. 4), and 1b ends with [nn] (3. 26). 
Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter begins 
with xd (7. 8), and the last legible word on this page is 1DBy> (7. 21), 
but it no doubt continued to 1x» (8. 7); 2b begins with °D (8. 8), and 
the last legible word is [Ayfan (8. 21). This fragment has a number 
of variants in orthography and vocalization. “ow for Dw (2. 6); 
179 for 77y (2. 9.) wp for jYp (3. 19); pwsaifor jwin (Kere }iWSa; 
8. 8); DIP? for DIP? (8. 14); aw for ab4 (8. 16). On the whole, this 
codex seems to prefer the scriptio plena. 

Two parchment leaves, badly damaged, forming the outer sheet | 
of a fascicle. Size 838% ins. (=22.2X21.2 cm.). There are two 
columns to a page, and twenty lines to a column. Beautiful square 


character, vocalized and accented. [Sulzberger.] 


34 

Part of a biblical codex. Canticles 2. 13-3. 3; 4. 6-14. 

Fol. 1a begins with FIsnnm (2. 13), and 1b ends with o DWN 
(3. 3). Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter 
begins with 3x (4. 6), and 2b ends with mbmn) (4. 14). There are 
some variants in orthography. =e for °D9 (Kere ae. 2. 13), o>nw 
for a >yw (2. 15); mam for Mann (3. 2); Wn for Won (4. 6); mabz 
for nnabn (ibid.); NASA for TMA (Kere nnNa, 4. 9); 1216 for 100 (4. 10). 
;nnpw for 7mnpw (4. 11). 

Two parchment leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. 
Size 443% ins.(=10.4%8.8 cm.). There are ten lines to a page. 
Square character, vocalized and accented. ([Sulzberger.] 


35 


Part of a biblical codex with masoretic notes. Cant. 3. 6-4. 12. 


BIBLE 25 


Recto begins with 712797-j0 (3. 6), and ends with J?>mnaw (4. 3); 
verso continues recto, and ends with }) (4. 12). 

On the upper margin of verso the word O7738 was added by a 
later hand. 

A piece of parchment, badly damaged, measuring 122 X11 ins. 
(=32.4X27.9 cm.). Each page has two columns, and each column 
has seventeen lines. Large square character, with vowel-points and 
accents. [Amram.] 

36 

Part of the Book of Esther. 2. 13-16. 

Recto begins with ["w]s b> mx (2. 13), and ends with 72 yen 
(2. 14); verso begins with ox’ (2. 15), and ends with '> yaw (2. 16). 
There are some variants in orthography and vocalization. 72)¥3 (2.14); 
V2 (ibid.); wWNN instead of wimwme (2. 16); "PYYI (cdid.). 

A piece of parchment, forming lower half of a page. A little 
over five lines to a page have been preserved; but judging from the 
missing words between recto and verso, one may assume that there 
were about eight or nine lines to a page. Size 52332 ins. (=13.6X 
8.4 cm.). Bold square character; vocalized and accented, probably by 
a later hand. {[Lederer.] 

37 

Part of the Haftarah for the first day of Passover. Joshua 5. 
2-11. 

Recto is headed yora nop bw pwisn ord mqwDM], which is fol- 
lowed by Joshua 5. 2-11; both the Hebrew text and the Targum are 
given alternately, verse by verse. The vowel-points of the Hebrew 
text seem to have been supplied by a later hand. 

It is very inaccurate. 0°7¥ (5. 2) is omitted, and in verse 3 it is 
oN instead of OX. So also odin (5. 5) instead of ordp. 

A piece of parchment, badly damaged, measuring 8} 6? ins. 
(=21.6X17.1 cm.). Recto has nineteen lines besides the heading, 


while verso has twenty-one lines. Square character. [Amram.] 


38 

Part of a collection of Haftarot. 

Recto begins with "md °md 310 (Jonah 4. 8) to the end of the 
chapter. This is obviously for the Day of Atonement. This is fol- 
lowed by Micah 7. 18-20. Then comes the heading 7210 Sw pwr dy 
awyana avd Is WwI which is followed by Zech. 13. 9-14. 2. The 
last word of verso is monbnd. 


26 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


One paper leaf, faded, measuring 7533 ins. (=17.9X13.2 cm.). 
There are eleven lines to a page besides some masoretic notes. Bold 


square character with vowel-points and accents. [Amram.] 


39 


Part of a collection of Haftarot, Hebrew and Aramaic alternating 
verse after verse. 

Recto begins with onsun (Mic. 7. 19), which belongs to the 
Haftarah of the afternoon service of the Day of Atonement. The 
conclusion of this Haftarah is followed by the Haftarah of the first 
day of Tabernacles (Zech. 13. 9-14. 21), which is headed bw nesad 
wy ana mo. The first word of this Haftarah is ona) (Zceh. 13.9), 
and this page ends with 7) (Targum of 14. 6). Verso continues recto, 
and ends with amin-9> am (14. 16). 

One paper leaf, measuring 113 73% ins. (=29.5 18.9 cm.). There 
are thirty-two lines to a page. Square character with a tendency to 
cursiveness. Vocalized and accented, the Hebrew text in the Tiberian 


system, and the Aramaic Targum in the Babylonian. [Y. M. H. A.] 


40 

Part of Targum of Leviticus: 4,.10-5. 2; -7-716-8710: 

First legible word on fol. 1a is [\}\nd (4. 10); this page ends with 
mpdy (4. 25). First legible word on fol. 1b is xnbys (last word); this 
page ends with 7DD0 (5. 2). Some leaves are missing between fol. 
1b and fol. 2a. The first legible word on the latter is 3"[p’] (7. 16); 
it ends with N’waip (7. 29), corrected by a later hand into "Tw )p. 
First legible word on fol. 2b is 7 (7. 31). Next line is "5 (7. 34), 
and it is obvious that all the words between §1’0°7 (7. 32 and that of 
7. 33) have been omitted by homoioteleuton. These words are added 
on the margin. It ends with [nlwny (8. 10). 

It is vocalized by a later hand, and has a number of marginal 
notes, chiefly corrections. 

The upper part is burned. 

This fragment belongs to the same fascicle as No. 41. 

Two parchment leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, 
measuring 9,};91 ins. (=23X23.5 cm.). Number of lines of each 


page is twenty-two. Square character. [Friedenwald.] 


Al 
Part of Targum of Leviticus. 5. 3-7. 15. 
First legible word on fol. la is 7NDO=MNAND (5. 3); this page 


BIBLE oT 


ends with nx) (5. 16). ‘First legible word on fol. 1b is ppanw” (cdid.); 
this page ends with snaq% (6. 3). First legible word on fol. 2a is 
ws] (6. 5); this page ends with 1DI’N7 (6. 19). First legible word 
on fol. 2b is ]) (6. 21); this page ends with 770°) (7. 15). 

It is vocalized by a later hand, and has marginal notes, chiefly 
corrections. Some words and even verses are omitted in the text and 
are added on the margin. These omissions are usually through 
homoioteleuton. 


The upper part is burned. 
These leaves are to be inserted between those of No. 40. 


Two parchment leaves, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle, 
measuring 991 ins. (=23%23.5 cm.). Number of lines of each 
page is twenty-three. Square character. [Friedenwald.] 


42 


Part of a sort of compendium of the Pentateuch containing the first 
three and the last three verses of every Sidrah. Gen. 23. 2-28. 13. 

Fol. 1a begins with nom (23. 2), and ends with no. (25. 17); 
fol. 1b continues la, and ends with 77py (25. 21). Fol. 2a continues 
ib, and ends with °AND(="1SNd, 28. 11); fol. 2b continues 2a, and 
ends with y 3X) (28. 13). There are many scribal errors: mwrd xd 
for ....19 (25. 20); xd any for 1b.... (25. 21); aN for ran (28. 7); 
"AND for "]ON0 (28. 11). 

Two paper leaves, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle, measur- 
ing 4733 ins. (=12.4X8.8 cm.). There are twelve lines to a page, 
except fol. 2b which has only six, the rest of the page being blank. 
‘YD is marked on the margin. Square character. [Sulzberger.] 


43 


Part of a Jewish-Arabic translation of the Pentateuch (not Sa- 
‘adya’s). This fragment covers Gen. 8. 11-9. 26. Each verse begins 
with the Hebrew word. Over every Arabic word is written its Hebrew 
equivalent in a very small cursive hand. 

Recto begins with Moxon (77, 8. 11), and ends with mob (ormdss 
9. 6); verso continues recto, and ends with sine ines. ect, 


One paper leaf, badly damaged in the middle, measuring 113 
74 ins. (=29.219 cm.). There are twenty-seven lines to a page. 
Oriental square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. 


[Amram.] 


28 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


44 

Part of a Jewish-Arabic translation of the Pentateuch. Gen. 24. 
58-25. 17. Each verse begins with the first Hebrew word. The first 
legible word is 1975 (24. 58), and the last is 71D (25. 17). Possibly 
Sa‘adya’s translation; but no conclusive evidence can be adduced. 
The variants from the printed text of Sa‘adya’s translation, though 
mostly insignificant, are sufficiently numerous to make one hesitate 
to decide definitely about the authorship. 1yI5 =1D72 (24. 60); S. 
DWNT. nVpD (24. 26); S. vpon. soxdx =orw>-DA (25. 6); so S.; the 
Beyrout translation has more correctly Sela, NOYN (1bid.); so 
Beyrout translation; S. an 

A narrow and long strip of parchment, badly mutilated, written 
closely on one side. Size 19X34 ins. (=48.1X*8.8 cm.). Recto has 
seventy-nine lines, while verso is blank. Square character with a 


tendency to cursiveness. [Sulzberger.] 


45 


Part of a translation of Exodus in vulgar Jewish-Arabic, with notes. 
38. 21-39. 10. 


Recto begins with TINMw>s 1200 =MTIYN yDwD (38. 21), and con- 
tinues to the end of 38. 24. Then follows a note on the value of 155. 
The opinion that it is a "8VIP is refuted. Verso is scarcely legible- 
It begins with yo[nj= Jina (39. 3c), and ends with [AJxbx= wn 
(39. 10). 


The translation is as a rule paraphrastic. Nevertheless the 
translator desires to express every Hebrew word. Thus MN is con- 


sistently rendered by N°. Every verse begins with the Hebrew word. 


One parchment leaf. All the four sides have been trimmed, 
and none of the lines is complete. Size 10433 ins. (=26X9.5 cm.). 
The number of lines now is twenty-nine to a page. Square character. 
[Adler.] 


46 
Part of Sa‘adya’s translation of the Pentateuch. Lev. 26. 34-44. 
Recto begins with 53°» (26. 34), and ends with OFNTYN (26. 
39); verso continues recto, and ends with ONO TIT YO SYN) (26.39) ; 
Every verse begins with the first Hebrew word. There are some 
minor variants. Thus 1) 9 1p for py) Wpn (26. 36); IyoD’ for 
Wws’ (26. 39); the first part of verse 42 has been omitted by mistake. 


BIBLE ; 29 


One paper leaf, torn and faded, measuring 6} 4 ins. (=15.5 
10.1 cm.). There are thirteen lines to a page. Oriental square 


character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


47 


Part of a Jewish-Arabic translation and commentary of Genesis. 
31. 50-32. 3. Each verse begins with one or more Hebrew words of 
the text, which are followed by the Arabic translation. After every 


paragraph the author discusses exegetical and grammatical problems. 


Fol. la begins with a note on the word myn (31. 50) which is 
explained in accordance with Sa‘adya’s translation. Of 31. 50-53 
the translation is missing; but the commentary tallies with Sa‘adya’s 
translation, as may be seen from 72yn and from the insertion of ?75) 
after WN (zbid.), which Sa‘adya renders 2°79) ]NDIN. Of verses 31. 
54-32. 3 we have only the translation, the fragment breaking off just 
when the author begins to discuss that paragraph. 


This fragment offers many variants from Sa‘adya’s translation, 
as 129 92x" for Nonyy 1267 Js (31. 54); aT92 de for myer dw (32. 1); 
ayp>b for TMNINDD (32. 2). 

Two paper leaves, badly damaged, forming the inner sheet of 
a fascicle. Size 7254 ins. (=18.714 cm.). The number of lines 
ranges from twenty to twenty-one toa page. Oriental square character 


with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


48 


Part of an Arabic translation and commentary of 2 Samuel, 
chapters 11 and 12. 

Fol. la begins with the Hebrew of 11. 23, which is rendered 
into Arabic; then follows the Hebrew and Arabic of verse 24, after 
which is a long note covering the rest of fol. 1. Some leaves are mis- 
sing between 1b and 2a. The latter comments upon the exact force 
of mup (12. 3), and nnp> bom (12. 4), while 2b has a long discussion 
on David’s action in connection with Bath-sheba. 


It was obviously the author’s system to give the Hebrew text 
and Arabic translation alternately, verse by verse, and then comment 
on the entire paragraph. 

Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, forming the outer 
sheet of a fascicle. Size 846 ins. (=21.6X15.2 cm.). There are 
nineteen lines to a page. Oriental square character with a strong 


30 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


tendency to cursiveness; the Hebrew words are in a bold square hand, 


with vowel-points and accents. [Amram.] 


49 


Part of a Jewish-Arabic translation and commentary of Jeremiah. 
About a half of every verse of the Hebrew text is first given and is 
then followed by a literal translation. The exposition of the text is 
placed after the paragraph has been completed. 

Fol. 1a begins with a note on Jer. 4. 20b, and ends with notes 
on 4. 22; fol. 1b continues 1a, and ends with general notes on 4. 20-26. 
Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter begins 
with notes on 4. 31, and ends with notes on 5. 1, 2; fol. 2b continues 
these notes at length. 

wa wn (4. 23) is rendered by 72) FN, while Sa‘adya’s translation 
of this phrase (Gen. 1. 2) is M7MANDD) AIDN. Our author confuses 
biblical verses. Thus in commenting on Jer. 4. 30, 31, he attributes 
the words MRxSY Ow] ONY (Zech. 5. 9) to Ezekiel; doubtlessly he had 
in mind AMX ON Mia ow) ONY (Ezek. 23. 2). Similarly, he confuses 
and combines (while commenting on Jer. 5. 1, 2) Hos. 12. 8 with Amos 
8. 5b. In translating Jer. 5. 1, he omits the words WS IN¥ON ON. 
Comp. LXX. 

Diacritical points are seldom used, and there is no consistency 
about this usage. The divine Name is written thus ’Y. The ortho- 
graphy of the Arabic words is as a rule classical. But fol. 2a has 


Ld, 
Two paper leaves, measuring 744 5% ins. (=19.5 x14 cm.). The 


obobs for 


number of lines to a page ranges between nineteen and twenty. 
Square character. [Adler.] 
50 


Part of an Arabic translation of and commentary on the Book 
of Job. 31. 12-40. At the beginning of every verse one or two words 
of the Hebrew text are given; then follows the translation of the entire 
verse. The annotations were obviously placed at the end of each 
speech, regardless of chapter, for after the translation of chapter 31 
we have notes on chapter 29. 

Fol. 1a begins with yi = 9D) (31. 12 b), and ends with nbs) = 
Msp (31. 25 b); fol. 1b continues 1a, and ends with by — by C31? 
36a). Fol. 2 was a narrow strip when the copyist wrote on it, as no 
words are cut off. 2a continues 1b, and ends with S32)=nnm GE 


BIBLE 31 


40). Then follows 
a note on wn 3x rnd (29. 3). This page ends with the beginning 
of a note, perhaps on 30. 1. 


Fol. 2b continues 2a, and completes chapter 31. 


This translation is to all intents and purposes identical with that 
of Sa‘adya’s. It is true, we have a number of variants, but the bulk 
of them are quite insignificant, and are due to different systems of 
orthography, like dypbp (31. 28) where Sa‘adya has 555, and 
nna0p (31. 34), S. ndDp. Other variants are due to an inadequate 
knowledge of grammar, like Pry (31. 26); S. xpry. Sxdiwe (31. 27); 
S. xoxdy. Some variants are errors of the copyist, as Fyxdd (3) 2)5 
S.-ps5S.  ovman (31. 33);S. "aNo9. Bacher in his edition of Sa‘adya’s 
translation and commentary on Job quotes some variants which agree 
with our fragment, as snxiox (31. 15) ROo IN me Naa ON 3.1 2218 
S. NITVNDN. 


The commentary presents a greater problem. The words com- 
mented upon and the opinions expressed are identical in our fragment 
with those of Sa‘adya’s; but the position in which the notes are placed 
and the language employed are entirely different. In Sa‘adya, as 
printed by Bacher, the notes are placed at the end of every paragraph, 
while in our fragment they are at the end of the speech which, in this 


case, extends over three chapters. 


In order to illustrate the difference of style in the notes, I give 
the two texts in parallel columns: 


Fragment. 
Sen 7d wed 
'DD) “wna mNIyD 
Nd joDA non 
myona andy) 
Roxb axno0 
b> on mbdip dno 
my 'w maRw 
-aNY m3 
91m 45491 
am wn bn 
monn pa lyn) 
Y IYI WON 
% Sram 


It is well known that Sa‘adya 


his commentary, and our fragment may represent one of those. 


Sa‘adya. 
asabx ayndo wm Jwna ciyods 


3xnd5) TNDNA 'D 17 Mona 

a’) Ssaw maw b> on Si 
"ym [ANY jNDD] (B"? 3” 'N 
"JUINM [RID (79 3"D 3"v) 


wy syn °w Stan oN 


wrote more than one recension of 
(See 


Se GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


Bacher, p. ix). It is also possible that one of Sa‘adya’s pupils wrote 
down in his own language that which he heard from his teacher. 

The orthography was intented to be classical. Diacritical points 
are placed only over 0 and X. 

One and a half parchment leaves. With the exception of the 
last page, the number of lines on each page is seventeen. The com- 
plete leaf measures 675 X57 ins. (=16.6X14.9 cm.), while the half 
is 6; X23 ins. (=16.6X7 cm.). Square character. [Adler.] 


5 I 

Part of Ibn Ezra’s commentary on Genesis. 8. 5-21. 

Recto begins with mabr (8. 5), and last legible words are 77[5w] 
Nim) (8. 11); verso begins with 129M 73D °D (8. 13), and last legible 
words are [wb mnpan] (8. 21). 

This fragment belongs to the same fascicle as Nos. 52, 53. 

A piece of paper, other half of No. 52. Size 4333 ins. (=12 
9.5 cm.). Fourteen lines have been preserved on each side. Rab- 
binic cursive hand. [Amram.] 

52 

Part of Ibn Ezra’s commentary on Genesis. 8. 5-21. 

Recto begins with Wwya) Aapnn] (8. 5), and the last legible words 
are %7’) 9}D1] man (8. 11), verso begins with p1Nn by (8. 13), and last 
legible words are bapy DyyaT ($2 21). 

This fragment belongs to the same fascicle as Nos. 51, 53. 

A piece of paper, torn on all sides; other half of No. 51. Size 
4232 ins. (=12X9.5 cm.). Fourteen lines have been preserved on 
each side. Rabbinic cursive hand. [Amram.] 


53 

Part of Ibn Ezra’s commentary on Genesis. 11. 28-12. 8. 

Recto begins with OWIT WY WRY JOM) (11. 28), and ends with 
TONY TYM Mivn mw (11. 31); verso begins with 29 oOwid (12. 5), 
and ends with [o>yh» omiw) ony) 1m (12. 8). 

It belongs to the same fascicle as Nos. 51 and 532. 

One paper leaf, badly damaged and lower part torn off. Size 
42X52 ins. (=12X14.6 cm.). Fourteen lines have been preserved on 
each page. Rabbinic cursive hand. [Amram.] 


54 


Part of Rashi’s commentary on Genesis. 41. 8-23. 


BIBLE ets) 


Recto begins with }m211nbA an (41. 8, repeated twice), and verso 
ends with }»p> jy1 ‘19m (41. 23). 

Important variants. Thus in verse 41. 13: 073 (20ND O7) 79 
>on simp wapd> pax pre op> awn gin’ wp Ndi axp Sapam nan 
pray Sy »xp nynD apxw wo nbynd ronm nyt inn award raw on. 

Verse 41. 16: pwd yown ims mindd on pam pian oon yown 
MODNT Ps 1922 onwd youn xb we ... DY yow °D WD AMIN) MAN 
x’ nye obw ma amy pa ay > por ym... may ons abs ody 
ow nx my sim onans ondxd xox cada nbn qadn amy ode on 
mobo Sw noidwa bbanad one Foxy ja NT... YTD. 

One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 6} X43; ins. (=15.5 
10.9 cm.). Rabbinic character. Recto has seventeen, and verso 
sixteen lines. [U. P.] 

55 

Part of a commentary, in Jewish-Arabic, on the Books of Samuel. 
1 Sam. 25. 30-27. 10; 2 Sam. 12. 14-13. 6. The notes are rather long, 
though not many passages or words are commented upon. 

Fol. 1a begins with 279 -y mwy °D am «(1 Sam. 25. 30), and 
ldsanotes, Ons DYO eso 209130), ymds> awe (ibid.); bvasa 327 
Smoot ry Sinw) (25. 44); YAS ADO Pim (26. 7); 131158 Any) 
(26. 8); 1b has notes on 1D) Mondna IN (26. 10); D1 ANN 7D (26. 14); 
42) we xdn (Zoe Lo) a DVeOrs noe 20.0 LO) eNO (101d.); 
D177 WR (26. 20); 11 Dw? 17 (26. 23); onuwD dx (27. 10). Some 
leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. The latter has notes on 
ND) YN) °D DDN (2 Sam. 12. 14); win (12. 15); 17 AIA NOI (12. 17); 
owndne (12. 19); n tom mya (12. 22); 1D) mvy my mp (12. 30); 
ND) m2 Ow) (12.31); ID) Waym (2bid.); 1D) NbD (13. 2); $ID) yrtD 
(166 4)emrne (131.6); 

A characteristic note of this author may be given here: 
nabsa yobs gimay yp? od xoids op mavobs yn ys adys Syvasa rat 
onda MIND wow ya qwm qexd rat a1 ND AA Taw ora. 

The orthography is mostly classical, but there are few diacritical 
points. A Tashdid is written over the 1 of }"N0N0 which is the 
translation of ownbna (2 Sam. 12. 19). 

Two paper leaves, slightly faded, forming the outer sheet of a 
fascicle, measuring 71X52 ins.(=18.5 13.6 cm.). There are twenty- 
one lines to a page. Oriental square character with a strong tendency 
to cursiveness; the Hebrew words commented upon are in bold square 
hand, with vowel-points, but other Hebrew words are in the same 


character as the Arabic. [Cobern.] 


34 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


56 

Part of Rashi’s commentary on Proverbs. 18. 4-22. 4. 

Fol. 1a begins with 'poaw wx b> (18. 4), and 1b ends with m’apn 
(19. 29); a few lines are torn off at the top of 2a, which begins with 
soba (20. 5), and 2b ends with m9275 pat (22. 4). 

This fragment has important variants, as nbd for wapd (20. 8). 

Two parchment leaves, badly damaged, forming the inner sheet 
of a fascicle. The upper part is entirely torn off. Size 1146} ins. 
(=29.2X15.5 cm.). Each page has two columns, and there must 
have been more than thirty lines toa page. Rabbinic cursive character. 
[Amram. } 

57 

Part of Kimhi’s kabbalistic commentary on Ezekiel. 1. 21, 22; 
lead dee 5: 

Fol. 1a begins with bwo 747 by wm mewinnm (1. 21), and 1b 
ends with TNO NIMw WSD (1. 22). Two leaves are missing between 
fol. 1b and 2a. The latter begins with on2ba bip (1. 24), and 2b 
ends with »2) mayo NAT NyowNd (1. 25). 

There are some interesting variants. Thus verses 22 has b>win 
(instead of bby); Sow (instead of nb> win). Verse 25 has 35197 
(instead of 21757). 

Two paper leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, measur- 
ing 544 ins. (=13.3X10.1 cm.). Thirteen lines to a page. Rabbinic 
hand, but each verse begins with bold square character. [U. P.] 


58 

Beginning of an Arabic commentary on Psalms, which is much 
briefer than Sa‘adya’s. It is headed oon mOwA INA NOM Jowa. 
The first few words of each verse are quoted and then commented 
upon; but no translation is given. This leaf covers the greater part 
of the first two psalms. 

‘One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 64 X4;5ins. 
(=15.5X10.9 cm.). There are fifteen lines to a page. Oriental 
cursive character. [Amram.] 

59 

Part of an Arabic commentary on Psalms. 105. 21-106. 3. 

Fol. 1a begins with notes on Sn) (105. 21), and ends with 173pr 
(105. 22); fol. 1b continues la, and ends with notes to dy 15”) (105. 
24). Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter 


begins with a general introduction to Psalm 106. It discusses its 


BIBLE oie 


contents, and explains why this Psalm which contains a sketch of Jewish 
history is prefaced and appended by verses of prayer. It also points 
out that 72751 (106. 4) refers to the psalmist personally, whereas 1)°w17 
(106. 47) is for the nation in general. This page ends with notes on 
106. 1, in which the usage of the words denoting praise, thanks, etc., 
is explained. Fol. 2b continues 2a, and ends with notes on mp 1x 
C0683): 

A few characteristic sentences of this writer may be mentioned. 
In explaining that Sew? (105. 23) refers to all the tribes, while by 
apy’ Jacob alone is meant, he remarks: 2178 ]8 17D JS °D TINNPN JN) 
ays moxpo oD bands mind) mp an tda>s Db oNpR Ip (Jacob) 
VON) NIYD>N YO 1D ND FTW ON STAN TTwO>N8 Ip) TINDIN Ox Jp. 


The orthography of Arabic words is not consistent. There seems 
to be an attempt to follow the classical forms. But spellings like 


NIYD = tae are not infrequent. Then a short w is often represented 


by 1, as rink cat Sway Similarly & is used for a and ” for 7, though 
these cases are less frequent than those of 1} for uw, as XMM o> and 
‘ino’ ob. 

Diacritical points are only placed on © and X. 


On fol. 2a there is a marginal note suggesting a different ex- 


planation from that given in the text. 


Two parchment leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, 
measuring 11644 ins.(=27.9X17 cm.). The number of lines ranges 
between twenty-seven and twenty-eight on each page. Square charac- 
ter. [Adler.] 


60 


Part of an allegorical commentary, in Jewish-Arabic, on Song of 
Songs. 2. 1-11; 5. 7-14. Not all verses are commented upon. The 
Hebrew words are usually in a larger character and vocalized, three 
dots («) being put on each word. 


Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. 


Two paper leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, slightly 
obliterated. Size 67X54 ins. (=17.4%13cm.). Number of lines ranges 
from fifteen to sixteen to a page. Oriental cursive hand. [U. P.] 


61. 


Part of Gersonides’ commentary on the five Megillot. Canticles 
8. 4-Ruth. 


36 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


Fol. la begins with Canticles 8. 4, and 1b ends with 8. 7. Some 
leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter begins with 
the middle of the ninth nbyin on Ruth, and 2b ends with the sixteenth 
ndyin, which is the last. This is followed by a note (missing in the 
Koenigsberg edition) to the effect that the commentary on Ruth (or 
the preface) was completed on the new moon of Nisan in the year 89 
C==1529)) 

Two paper leaves, slightly damaged, forming the outer sheet of a 
fascicle. 103 X73 ins. (=26.6X19.3 cm.). The number of lines ranges 
from twenty-three to twenty-nine to a page. Cursive rabbinic 
character. The verses of the text are in a larger hand and are vocalized 


and accented. [Amram.] 


62 


Part of a Jewish-Arabic commentary on the Book of Daniel. 

The writing of fol. 1 does not seem to be the same as that of 
fol. 2. The subject-matter of fol. 1 is rather puzzling. On fol. la 
the writer expatiates on the attributes and praises of God. This is 


continued till fol. 1b, line 3,. where the paragraph ends with the words 


90> ona mos b> yA anvy 7? a5s 55 me (Isa. 66. 2). Then follows 
a short paragraph which may be a note on Cant. 1.3. It begins with 
Jans 71Dwm, and is followed by quotations from Exod. 3. 16; 4.1; 
4, 29; 30, 31. The writer probably wished to point out that Moses 
had underrated the faith of the Israelites. The lower half of this page 
is blank. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and fol. 2a. Fol. 
2a is in the midst of a discussion on the Messianic periods, and the 
writer explains that there are ten periods. He discusses the Maccabean 
period which is apparently the seventh. Various passages referring 
to Hanukkah are quoted from the Book of Maccabees in Aramaic 
and from the Talmud, as Shabbat 21b, etc. This lengthy discussion 
was evidently occasioned by O’nyn yp?) (Dan, 11. 13). The usage 
and meaning of the word yp are also explained, and as illustrations 
ypoms mon bad (Psalm 119. 96), ayp per: -N¥oM (Isa. 2. 7.), and 
other passages are quoted. This long note continues till the middle 
of fol. 2b. Then follow short notes on 715 Ow) (Dan. 11. 17), Toy 
12D Sy (ibid. 11. 20), and a few other verses. This page ends with a note 
on mDon min poy dn sd) (zbid. 11. 21). These verses are explained 
as referring to the Muhammedan period. 

Fol. 1 may be the introduction to this commentary. But the 


intrusion of the note on Cant. 1. 3 and the difference in the writing 


BIBLE ai 


make it probable that this leaf served as a cover, being originally 
blank, and a later scribe jotted down some passages from other books. 

Two parchment leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, 
measuring 7453 ins. (=18.1x*14.6 cm.). Fol. 1a has twelve lines to 
a page (the lower half of 1b is blank); fol. 2 has thirty-three lines on 
each page. Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. 
[Adler. | 


63 
Probably part of an Arabic commentary on the Haftarot. The 


style is that of Sa‘adya, and the notes may have been excerpted from 
his commentaries. There are lengthy notes on Hos. 14. 10 and Mic. 
7. 18 (Haftarah for Sabbath Shubah). These notes cover fol. la and 
1b. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter 
deals with 2 Sam. 22. 1, 2 (=Ps. 18. 1, 2). The Hebrew quotations 
are vocalized and accented. 

Two paper leaves, badly damaged in the upper part, forming 
the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 1071 ins. (=25.4X18.4 cm.). 
There are twenty-four lines to a page. Oriental cursive character; 
the Hebrew words commented upon are in a large square hand. 


[Amram.] 


64 


The beginning of a homily, in Aramaic, on Ezek. 1. 1. 

Recto is blank, except for a few letters of the alphabet, written 
probably by a boy. Verso is headed mw owswa em oN, and has 
thirty-three lines in irregular square character. 

One parchment leaf, measuring 8}X3 ins. (=20.3X14.6 cm.). 
[Sulzberger.] 


65 


Part of a free rendering, in vulgar Jweish-Arabic, of Daniel. 

Every verse begins with the first Aramaic word of the text, but 
not all verses are translated. 

Fol. 1a begins with jy) :m19”) 75x, the third word representing 
Dan. 4. 34. The next paragraph is headed 7xxw>a nop (=425), 
and the narrative continues till fol. 2a. The next paragraph is headed 
307 wIIT ny’p, and the story continues as far as NID PI, which is 
probably Dan. 6. 7. 

Two paper leaves, badly damaged, measuring 73 6% ins.(=19.3 
16.4 cm.). Number of lines ranges from fifteen to eighteen to a 


page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Sulzberger.] 


38 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


66 
Part of a halakic commentary on the Pentateuch. These leaves 
deal with the section Emor. Each leaf is headed 03727 YR DR TWD. 
Two paper leaves, measuring 846} ins. (=21.6X15.5 cm.). 
Number of lines ranges from thirty-one to thirty-four to a page. Late 


Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 


67 


Part of a Jewish-Arabic lexicon of the Bible in the same style as 
Ibn Janah’s Usul. 

Fol. 1 has the root }O& (incomplete). Fol. 2 has the root 7D& 
(also incomplete). 

Some leaves are missing between folios 1 and 2. 

Two paper leaves, damaged, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. 
Size 62 X4;% ins. (=17.1X10.9 cm.). There are seventeen lines to a 


page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [U. P.] 


68 

Part of a Hebrew-Arabic glossary to first Book of Kings. 

’ Fol. 1a begins with O’8772 which is rendered by DNIT = 5.8 
(5. 3), and ends with nbn which is rendered by skeet Sy (6. 4): 
fol. 1b begins with o’5)pw rendered by nydp aby (ibid.), and ends 
with °7105) rendered by DTN = 22) (6. 18). Fol. 2a continues 
1b. It begins with Osx rendered by 77K, 7) (zbid.), and ends with 
ay) (7. 6). The rendering of this word is entirely obliterated, and no 
trace whatsoever is left. It might have been omitted by the scribe. 
Fol. 2b begins with mp’ rendered by 7179p) ,7I"MmM (7.9), and ends with 
7719 rendered by 35710 (7. 29). 

Although the Hebrew words, with a few exceptions like mp’, 
are spelled in accordance with our Masorah, the orthography of the 
Arabic words is phonetic. Thus —% is sometimes confused with 1, as 
ON D7 (1 Kings 5.3). 72and ware usually indicated by” and 1, respect- 
ively, as may be seen from the words quoted above. In some cases, 
where double renderings are given, the Hebrew word is repeated 
twice, as 

npdnow np*7m) 
(5.28). 
nx2anaw np°2n { 


Some of the renderings are interesting, as Mp’ (7.9) is taken 


to mean ‘heavy’ in the Aramaic sense. See Rashi. 


BIBLE 39 


Two parchment leaves, measuring 54513 ins.(=13.7 14.8 cm.). 


There are sixteen lines on each page. Square character. [Adler.] 


69 


A compilation of Hebrew words occurring in the Bible. Each 


word is accompanied by the biblical expression in which it is found. 


One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 7377 ins. 
(=20X17.8 cm.). There are two columns to a page and twenty- 


two lines to a column. Square character. [Amram.] 


70 


Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on the usage of certain 
Hebrew expressions. 

Fol. 1a begins with a discussion of the usage of the expression 
amp, which, the author says, is employed in three ways: (1) in 
connection with obedience to God; (2) disobedience to God; (3) in 
connection with an act which involves neither obedience nor disobedi- 
ence (NO m0) xyn 155 AyNy TNO ND MID aS 1 °dy aPpddey ys Dip 
msyo xd aNyY 8D ND ND TI01°>yn m>d axyn 1N2). Numerous examples 
for each case are given, and rabbinic passages are extensively quoted. 
The author refers to Sa‘adya: wtm> nbs mwrp>s op yDwon non 7D) 
myoan’p Sry ayo wat 7IDT Ip xo Soxnn'd rd) AIAN > inp nabs 
(fol. 1a, 1. 8). At the end of fol. 1b the author is still quoting passages 
to illustrate the first usage. Some leaves are missing between 1b 
and 2a. The latter begins with the third mode: yo nbxndsx ans>s 
pap mm222 mwas Dp ‘Spd arxyo edi nynv Nd yD NO IM ATp>dN 
npn mona wyn. This is continued to the end of 2b. 

The author gives the source of every quotation, and this fact 
would lead one to assume that this book belongs to a later period, 
probably to the thirteenth century. 

Two paper leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, measuring 
6445 ins. (=17X12.7 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twenty 
to twenty-two to a page, apart from some irregular lines on the margins. 


Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 


7 
Stray notes, in Jewish-Arabic, on biblical passages. Some notes 


are brief, while others are rather lengthy and irrelevant. 


The verses commented upon are: Psalms 68. 31; 75. 9; Job 25. 5; 
34. 29, The writer expatiates upon the use of the Imperfect; he then 


40 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


stumbles upon the word 79w, and gives a number of passages in which 
it occurs. He is thus led to explain the use of the 1 to introduce the 
predicate, and a great many passages are cited. 

Two parchment leaves, slightly damaged, measuring 544? ins. 
(=14X11.7 cm.). There are nineteen lines to a page. Square 


character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


ic 


Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on Hebrew grammar. This 
fragment contains rules about the makkef (written -|NpO, which is 
against the vocalization IR) after m& and 9p. 

Two paper leaves, badly obliterated, measuring 644 X5 ins. 
(=17X12.7 cm.). Number of lines ranges from eleven to fourteen 
to a page. The writing, which is in Oriental square character with a 


strong tendency to cursiveness, is very slovenly. [U. P.] 


73 


Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on Hebrew syntax. It is 
also possible that it formed part of a lengthy commentary on the 
Bible in which syntactical usages were fully discussed. This fragment 
deals with the use of the third person (28198 7%) in the Pentateuch 
instead of the first or the second, as 7¥9 Dx NAP Two Dyn ,AwWD TON, 
nwo Sx 4277. The author points out that the exceptions like ON" 
3) 731y ans 8°” are few. The writer’s aim was evidently polemical, 
as in referring to this principle and to the one which preceded it, he 
observes: nam ayaw>s din psn 1D Nome posxox pam Danse 
xmy asqwrds mobs onto aN yixd. He then discusses repetitions 
of words which add nothing to the meaning, but are merely employed 
for rhetorical effect, as'131°? 7?a8 M7 °D (Ps. 92. 10); or for the sake 
of making the sentence more intelligible, as the repetition of MaM7 in 
2ekingse2 saabo: 

One paper leaf, measuring 7X52 ins. (=17.8X13.6 cm.). The 
right upper corner is torn off. There are twenty-one lines to a page. 
Oriental square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. 
(Cobern.) 

74 

Part of Kimhi’s hebrew grammar $1$>9. The treatment of the 
verb ends on recto, |. 2, where the quinqualiteral verbs aN7Nd’ AN [ND) | 
are given. This is followed by Mown yw in a large square hand, and 
the page ends with NWA NNpP ANN (Fuerth edition, p. 153 a, I. 4). 


BIBLE 41 


Verso continues recto, and ends with n> ap oyurw (p. 154 a, 1. 20). 
There are some minor variants, as Mown yw instead of YY 
mown pps. 
A narrow strip of parchment, measuring 101 43 ins.(=26 11.4 
cm.). Only half of the width has been preserved. There are twenty- 


eight lines to a page. Rabbinic cursive character. [Amram.] 


II 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH (Texts, 
TRANSLATIONS, COMMENTARIES, AND DICTIONARIES). 


75 


Part of a codex of the Mishnah. Bikkurim 3.2-4.2. 

Recto column 1 begins with m7 o’[>wn>)] (3.2), and ends with 
sy DID) (3.4); recto column 2 continues column 1, and ends with 
sandy 130°) (3.7); verso column 1 continues recto column 2, and 
ends with p72 3”Nn (3.10); verso column 2 continues column 1, and 
ends with owixd my 4¥°D (4.2). 


The Mishnah paragraphs are numbered by the letters of the 
alphabet. But the division of the paragraphs does not always agree 
with that of the printed texts. Thus while in the printed texts chapter 
3 of this tractate has 12 paragraphs, our fragment counts them as 
11, the two paragraphs from mbnin till xx mMNnwm being regarded as 


Se One: 


There are only slight variants, such as O7°y son wn instead of 
om (3.3) and ovbwa onxa instead of obwd(ibid.). The orthography 
practically agrees with that of the printed texts, except for the frequency 
of ° to indicate a short 7. 


One parchment leaf measuring 63 X73 ins.(=17.419 cm.). Each 
page has two columns, and the number of lines on each column is 


twenty-four. Square character. The edges are burned. [Friedenwald.] 


76 


Part of a codex of the Mishnah. Nedarim 11.10-Nazir 3.2. 
Recto begins with 7722 xbw my) (Nedarim 11.10), and ends with 
m> (Nazir 1.7). The first legible word on verso is *p[¥] (bid. 2.1); it 


42 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 43 


ends with [od] ANWR (zbid. 3.2). At the end of Nedarim there is 
3” snob 8”) NID NIN, while the printed editions divide this chapter 
into twelve paragraphs. Nazir is headed ANOIP NPD. At the end 
of the second chapter of Nazir there is» xn2>bq ‘2 NpTD NIM. This 
fragment contains a number of variants: ]JNTy=p7y (Nedarim 11.10); 
Y= YNw (zbid. 11.11); omits nos before N7DINT (zbid. 11.12); nd and 
ION are reversed (zb7d.2.4); "8 070 for (PIN (Nazir 1.1,2); o07 for 
pun (ibid. 1.2); WiPwd for WPws> (ibid. 2.7); omits TIPWD after TNINWD 
(zbid.). 

One parchment leaf, badly damaged and obliterated, measuring 
103 5% ins. (=26.6 X14.6 cm.). Twenty-eight fragmentary lines have 
been preserved toa page. Square character with superlineary vocaliza- 


tion. About one line is torn off at the top. [Sulzberger.] 


77 


Part of Pirke Abot. 1.6-2.3. 


Recto begins with Mm 72 (1.6), and ends with 9n (1.13); verso 
continues recto, and ends with mwna pwrnAt nn (2.3). 


At the end of the chapter there is ‘pb po. 


Variants: Rb» (1.13); ST IPSs (2.1); ANON MDD (did.); AWNYI 
may by (ibid.). 

A piece of parchment, one side torn off, measuring, where not torn, 
8% 7% ins. (=20.6X18.1 cm.). Recto has nineteen lines which fill the 
page, with uniform spaces between the lines; verso has eighteen lines 


which cover three-fourths of page. Square character. [U. P.] 


78 


Part of a codex of the Mishnah. Zebahim 5.1-5.5. 
Recto begins with joIpO NIT APS (5.1), and ends with 77D (5.5); 


verso continues recto, and ends with the last word of 5.4. In this 
fragment 5.4 and 5.5 have changed places. There are some variants 
as well as scribal errors. S17 APS for 17S (5.1); Nim for MIT (2bzd.); 
in). NO on) for ...08 (5.1,2); waad for wana (5.3); mint (ibid.) is re- 
peated twice through dittography; 9 5 for }0 od (5.5). 

A narrow paper leaf, measuring 93X33 ins. (=25.19.2 cm.). 
Recto has thirty-one lines, while verso has only six, the rest of the 
page being blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. 


[Sulzberger.] 


44 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


79 


The first part of Mishnah Middot. 1.1-3. 
It is headed nm NDDN, and the last words are AN¥1 TDD. The 


orthography is inaccurate, and the vocalization faulty. Thus™ is 
sometimes used for ¥. The word 15°) (1.2) is erroneously vocalized 
13°), There seem to be traces of the use of distinctive accents, like 
AE ziitel oe 

A piece of parchment, badly mutilated, measuring 536% ins. 
(=13X15.9 cm.). There are seventeen lines on recto, while verso 


is blank. Square character, with vowel-points. [Amram.] 


80 


Part of Mekilta Beshallah. 


The first legible words of recto are] oMwy (Mekilta, ed. Weiss, 
p. "3, 1.7); this page ends with the words ]5 ond ‘ox .oany7 alee 
(zbid., p. 59, 1.4). The first legible words of verso are ‘DIS Pow TAYywT 
(zbid., 1. 5.). The fragment ends with the words 1798N ADw (zd7d., 
122.) 


Our manuscript offers some variants. In most cases it agrees 
with Mekilta de-Rabbi Yishma‘el; but in many paragraphs it follows 
Mekilta de-Rabbi Shim‘on b. Yohai. It thus forms a combination of 
the two famous recensions of the Mekilta. The paragraph on om 
wown is practically the same as in Mekilta de-Rabbi Shim‘on b. Yohai 
(ed. Hoffmann, p. 78, 1. 11, seg.). 


The orthography is as a rule that of our printed texts; but there 
is a number of scribal errors. Thus we have }2 instead of 72 (recto 
last line) and ]’S’S19 instead of ]Nx¥10 (Weiss, p. 59, 1. 6). ONS is some- 
times spelled jn&. The name of 7p’11'7 (Weiss, p. 59, 1. 2) is corrupted 
tOld DI Gilead: 

The paragraphs are marked by the letters of the alphabet. But 
the divisions do not agree with those of Mekilta de-Rabbi Shim‘on b. 
Yohai. Our fragment begins with the end of paragraph '3, wown om 
being marked '7. The passage ONIND TIX TY TwD Oy? DN) is super- 
scribed: 35 ans>m i nw. 

One parchment leaf, measuring 823X634 ins. (=21.2 X17 cm.). 
The top lines are burned, hence it cannot be ascertained how many 


lines there were originally on a page. Recto has now thirty-two, and 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 45 


verso thirty lines. One of the lower corners is trimmed, but as no 
words are missing, it is obvious that it was in that shape when the 


scribe wrote on it. Square character. [Friedenwald.| 


8! 
Part of the Sifra. 


Fol. 1a begins with nyV Nba mronn (Sifra Zaw, section 8.1), and 
ends with '>x nbpip mawnn ys Si>°(chapter 13.1); fol. 1b. continues 
la, and ends with nboiwn xm Nd) wb (13.9). Some leaves are 
missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter begins with N77 npidb) 
(Shemini, chapter 3.6), and ends with nbyn °D Soin ns (ibid., chapter 
4.5); fol. 2b continues 2a, and ends with 727) 7751 MDdxy Syn onan 
(2bid., section 3.4). 

There is a number of orthographic and lexical variants, as well as 
differences in the arrangement of chapters and paragraphs. Thus 
what is chapter 4 in the printed edition is headed '1 pnb. 


Two parchment leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, 
slightly damaged. Size 114X9 ins. (=28.6X22.8 cm.). There are 


thirty-one lines to a page. Bold square character. [Amram.] 


82 


Part of Yerushalmi Dammai. 

Recto begins with 'N& AIT NID '7 (2.1, p. 22d, 1. 15), and the last 
legible words are 191P9 77 (zbid., 1. 30); verso begins with xd) yun oY 
niyo (ibid., 1. 64), and last legible words are [}]>°s °2) pp (23a, 1. 4). 

As may be seen from the omission, the greater part of the leaf is 
torn off, and the number of lines may have originally been about 
thirty. 

There seem to be some variants. 

A piece of parchment, faded and torn on all sides, measuring 
5X53 ins. (=12.714 cm.). Twelve lines have been preserved on 


each page. Square character. [Amram.] 


83 


Part of the }>won noxbot Na, 6-10. 


Fol. 1a begins with wpo poy. on aA ADD ms mpd ‘aw Iq 
pis wp? jane 3 aobw qonn ney yap mbapa (6), and 1b ends 


46 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


with fan aAwy D548] ODN ond) (8); fol. 2a continues 1b, and 2b ends 
with ‘D8 WNP y2°OS yrsm ond px ana [ons] Awon aby, 

There are such radical and important variants as to lead us to 
the conclusion that this is an entirely different version from the one 
printed by M. Friedmann (Vienna, 1908). The above quotations in- 
dicate some of the variants, and mention may also be made here that 
from ty baa apis ays 227 to end of paragraph mn>an (Friedmann’s 
edition, p. 49) is omitted in this fragment. 

At the end of every chapter there is Np) p’9D, usually in a larger 
hand. 

Two paper leaves, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle, badly 
damaged. Size 117} ins. (=27.9X19 cm.). There. are twenty- 
seven lines to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursive- 


ness. [Sulzberger.] 


84 


Part of Midrash Rabbah. Wayyikra 25.1-26.3. 


Fol. 1a begins with yay 71a 77n 722 bye (25.1), and 1b ends with 
onyyn pant bs owan > omip> mwa (25.8). A few lines are torn off 
at the top of fol. 2a, where the first legible words are o>iya nn mnpy 
(ibid.); fol. 2b ends with 5”§ ANT O02 MNT AN) (26.3). 

Some important variants. 

Two parchment leaves, badly damaged and faded, forming the 
inner sheet of a fascicle. Size 1177 ins. (=27.9X20.1 cm.). There 


were thirty-one lines to a page. Square character. [Amram.] 


85 


Fragment of a compendium of the Palestinian Talmud. It 
practically covers the whole of tractate Rosh ha-Shanah and the 


greater bulk of tractate Ta‘anit. 


The excerpts are very short and far between. There is hardly 
any system, and there seems to be no guiding principle as to what to 
include and what to exclude. In this respect it is inferior to Al-Fas7 
and ‘En Ya‘akob. Nevertheless this fragment is important for the text 


of the Yerushalmi, as it offers a considerable number of variants. 
A full table of contents may not be out of place. 


Fol. 1a begins with Jom ...707) Sy wn pny? 39 72 "Ww (Yeru- 
shalmi Rosh ha-Shanah 1.4). “oon ...177 and pyvoo bon anna yn 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 47 


xnbo xm (ibid. 2.1). one Omst.. jow oxy mp (ibid. 2.2). INT" WNT 
Dp... Om Ja yow 1 n 1 ‘wopy (ibid., 2.6). 'R ON. . .mawA ayd 
maya (2bid.). 


Fol. 1b continues this paragraph which ends 7App 7 pan jpi’o 
(:bid.). Then follows the story about the conception and birth of the 
Amora Samuel, and the reason why he became a great man. It begins 


as follows 7709 as 13 >No NDT ONDN CNDwWN yom man Osiwa IN 
-  SPaNN yD 
pOwIn PR mim. mMmndwr ons mnbxwa ont od NpvoN 


'yaxd> pop owt Mas NANT (DWT TAS NANT TwyDd wir Nd MwId Ad 
Abb ‘sw. The rest of the story is practically the same as Halakot 
Gedolot, Gittin (ed. Hildesheimer, p. 337, bottom); but our fragment 
has a few more details. At the end of this story our fragment remarks 
sy? xb AND) MnDwK pron. Tosafot Kiddushin 73a under the head- 
ing "ND gives this story in short. In brackets the origin of this nar- 
rative is given as Yerushalmi, but a marginal note refers it to Halakot 
Gedolot. 


Fol. 2a has part of this narrative. Then the words Appr pas 
are repeated, and that passage of Yerushalmi is continued till °2) x7 
11 TI NIN (4bid. 2.6). 


Fol. 2b continues this paragraph till °21 prrnbn (ibid.). Then 
come: pADPR Odin... .arpibx ‘nd (ibid. 2.9); amd ...prayow pio 
mp (ibid. 3.1); JN W3...y7 NT ANT a (ibid.); oTay mbw 
ans oipoa.. dn (ibid 3.5); rp ym ...pony 's nb ya ‘wir (9 (ibid. 
3.8); the last line of this page is ‘1 ‘wa 19 '7 wD) Mow wT VND 7 
SPs 1463.9). 


Fol. 3a continues this paragraph till yam Unbnn (ibid.). Then 
come: $$m7...amym (Mishnah 4.9); o>0...apy "1 (Gemara 4.8); 
this page ends with STyr‘'7...’ws1a ypn (zbid. 4.9). 


Fol. 3b continues this paragraph which ends with w > ms 
(ibid.). Then comes PDI RAI NIN (zbid.) till the end of Rosh ha- 
Shanah. This is followed by tractate Ta‘anit. The copyist here 
begins on another line, and heads it by nviynd (extracts from Ta‘anit). 
The first paragraph is OoY7 Sov x0 7"N (Ta‘anit 1.1). This page ends 
with 2°n TM PrP 93D ayn Nay P>ww ows d Ja! 41 wa pod "7 
Ow > (zbid.; but the first part is missing in the printed texts). 


Fol. 4a continues this paragraph which ends with on>e7 a 171 
'). Then comes: 18 N17 JD)... 19822 "IAT 1 ND (ibdid.). 


48 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


Fol. 4b continues this paragraph which ends with Ss NOY OND 
~ywo Np (ibid.). Then comes: pn 17 PSX paynd pr (ibid. 
1.4). This page ends a> man on man (zbid.). 

Fol. 5a continues this paragraph which ends with mdx0 ms 1D 
mynd) (cbid., second anecdote). Then come: 1b iprene ip es see S. 
(bids 156)" =D°DI se. NON aden s binalcucds) mbapw.. aNn (zbid.). 
The page ends with B27 ‘Pa Nyi¥a baw mp bya which is not in the 
printed texts. 

Fol. Sbibegms ana jaye seta al dyl) te 201d 7) een 
come: ]D°] NX’ (zbzd. 1.9) till end of chapter; 1"8...73N7 NS PND 
men Sy im NTDY ...8a Ta NM (ibid. 2.1). 

Fol. 6a continues this paragraph, and ends with 7°1D 'NS& P7¥2 IN. 

Fol. 6b continues this paragraph, and ends with xomo pyr por 
m9 PR PON), 

Fol. 7a continues this paragraph, and ends with JBX 71M” md 
Joya. 

Fol. 7b continues this paragraph, which ends with 1299 ‘nb Pus 
nan yown. Then come: pibd m73...p79NT PRN (ibid. 2.3); 
wp> ja ‘yow "2.499 didia ‘wim mayw on (ibid. 2.6). This page ends 
with this paragraph. 

Fol. 8a begins with M313 ...1Sap) 'ND .113 ADXO3 WY NS Tyw nD 
m—pyon (ibid. 2.7.8). “Then come?) O°91D) 2. 07S mye a 01d. 14 ie 
...onw aga '» In (ibid. 2.15) till end of chapter; 3y "1D myn 7D 
bab bata g outta; ip>y pyrana (2bid. 3.1). This page ends with ‘a7 ’pwi 
ipo fa) ieg pales): 

Fol. 8b continues this paragraph which ends with °nN7 Nodbyd. 
Then come: may xypmt...’n2 ]10°D ON. . Vy JD) (ibid. 3.3); TOY TN 
INN? oo MDI eA b7d)) iad NINOS ID C0 07d 
This page ends with NqvD mm) Nd) (ibid.). 

Fol. 9a continues this paragraph which ends with man may NXd7. 
Then come: wow pad +. .72yn Tay poe 15 (btd.); TY 1D 727 WPS 
Domenie 1S 9/N OT INN ood ‘2 (ibid. 3.5). This page ends with ona 
TARY, 

Fol. 9b continues this paragraph which ends with 7°97 §?)°7 ’A2) 
(ibid. 3.6). Then come: ianp-y ...'yow i> nbw (ibid. 3.12); oy 
é 'D7 (ibid.). This page ends with pia m9 ‘x (ibid. 3.13). 

Fol. 10a continues this paragraph till 4}"0 xo>oy mn. Then come: 
the entire paragraph 3.14; myi...>°yi> pin (ibid. 4.1); 22.0" "7 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 49 


my) (zbid.); ONP (second) ...1pbD 'T (zb7d.); NYNIT.. OND Va 
N32 72 (zbid.). 

Fol. 10b: ‘xm ibyar.. 2200 mT 7a (ibid. 4.2); pap... 39m 77D 
(ibid.). This page which is the last of the fragment ends with 71n 
“yay pay: abe PIYND VT WWD WIS, 

There are a few marginal notes which relate to the text. 

The orthography is practically the same as that of the printed 
edition. Some words are punctuated. This is usually the case when 
a new reading is suggested for haggadic purposes, as p>aipn instead of 
o’ap9 (Rosh ha-Shanah 2.9). 

(=15.5%X11.4 cm.). 


Number of lines on each page ranges from nineteen to twenty-two. 


Ten paper leaves, measuring 63 X42 ins. 


Rabbinical cursive character. 


These ten leaves form one fascicle. 
[Adler. ] 


The string which holds them 
together is decayed. 


86 


Part of tractate Berakot. 7a—7b. 

Recto begins with...s)27 nvond [AN]& yin wyr m2) (7a, 1. 19), 
and ends with [0772 ommas] AwWYD [PIMs PRwD] (zdzd. 1. 42); verso 
continues recto, and ends with 7y 1 Mann °al) Ox) (which would have 
been 7b, 1. 28, if we had the same reading). Recto has a note which 
begins on top and continues on left-side margin, while verso has a 
note on right-side margin. 

Our fragment offers numerous variants, a few of which may be 


mentioned here: 


Fragment Printed Text 


nwranid 


[IMIs yn wyr ADDI 
base 

Sate) Spilph e\alsped Gehry eye) Soiniy 
IPA M9 YYSO NXP AIM VND 
aNd my ts DN NNd IN wp? 
Ost 

Sw imal Jina ayn mann mwp 
"31 >t 01 m2 miondyn [04K 
wi moo ‘nd ni 9 minndn 
os on pas cabo pay 'n on 
Tiehblgeh ly ath 


RASS ar Ake elie ty AGH Vt a) 
WII NwAND 
‘AT TMAAwA MAT CPA gu07 


om> ayso xp mood 2 yor 


sDuoin Spw an NY oNIpA KAW 
1D) NDI VYID pa Mopw 
bw ima Fina my mann awp 
Spxw nw) 1 monbno ANY OTN 
oi>wax po inqaa a> mm 
SNe bebah mubate'ty] taken] yf cmb lg omy ape 
non? carbs by opp oar 
pain) on win med ans niin 
snd 82-98 147 7 dew) ps 


50 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


One parchment leaf, measuring 83 X7¢ ins. (=21.6X18.1 cm.). 
Number of lines on each page is thirty-three. The leaf 1s damaged, 


especially in the corners. Square character. [Friedenwald.] 


87 


Part of tractate Shabbat. 74b-—75a. 


Recto begins with SY As MWY (74b), and verso ends with Dp voyn 
(75a) 

The variants are significant. Some paragraphs are arranged dif- 
ferently from what they are in the printed editions. The names of 
the authorities are usually omitted, the only exception in this fragment 
being 37 ‘ON NDI 1D NW AW ‘OX (75a). 


One parchment leaf, badly damaged, measuring 735% ins. 
(=193.X14.3 cm.). Recto has twenty-nine lines, while verso has 
only twenty-eight. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. 


[Amram.] 


88 


Part of a talmudic codex. Yebamot 22b—24b. 


Recto begins with 79 Tay NP CND PAN NWR Na My ONT ATT 
(22b, towards the end), and ends with pwitp nn, which is evidently 
some addition, as it is not found in the printed editions. Some lines 
are torn off. Verso begins with 8YOX mn Mw TPN Nd owt ord (24a), 
and ends with oy so57 nd ds (24b). There are many variants, 
some of which are important. In last line of 23a this fragment adds 
NM 72 after Pyow. Only the words NN wTpw °p of the Mishnah 
(23b) are quoted, and the discussion of the Gemara follows immediately. 
This proves that in this codex the entire Mishnah of a chapter was 
put at the beginning, as is the case in the Yerushalmi. The Mish- 
nah mnmpaen by ]y0I7 (fragment mmaw>) is not marked as such (24b), 
while the Baraita WS NWN by ]yvI7 (fragment nwxd) is headed "32nD 
(ibid.). 

A wide piece of parchment, damaged, measuring 83X12 ins. 
(=21.6X30.5 cm.). There are twenty-three lines to a page, besides 
marginal notes. The text is in a square hand, while the notes are in 
small Oriental cursive character. The heading '"2np is in large character. 
[Sulzberger.] 


qn 
— 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 


89 


Part of a talmudic codex. Tractate Sotah 2a—4a. 

Fol. la begins with 7AMw INN Np) (2a, 1. 18), and 1b ends with 
sod amb Ds on) (2b, 1. 8). Some leaves are missing between 1b and 
2a. 

The latter begins with 0°24 NINDA no”’pny PR (3b, |. 39), and 2b 
ends with mp Jinb m7 wwnwy TD (4a, 1. 9). 

There are some insignificant variants, as ‘77D for ‘74D (Java 
19); mM is omitted before NND (zbid., 1.20). The spelling Muw, which 
is in accordance with the Bible, may also be mentioned. 

Two paper leaves, slightly damaged, forming the outer sheet of 
aetaccicles) size $<53-ins, (=20'3<14.6 cm.).. Number of lines 
ranges from fifteen to seventeen to a page. Square character with 


a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


90 


Part of tractate Baba Mesi‘a 86a (?). 

Recto begins with W170 78 WANT PI. KwTp (86, 1. 29), and 
verso ends with 139m xin Onn mI yow (ibid., 1. 38). 

Some of the Aramaic phrases have been translated into Hebrew, 
as, for instance, WNT IMS Nia’w Aw ANY for $72) RAAT WwS2 myn. But 
in most cases the talmudic phraseology has been retained. The nar- 
rative is rather shortened. 

Is it part of a book containing talmudic narratives? 

A piece of paper, badly damaged, measuring 675 X 475 ins. (=16X 
10.9 cm.). There are thirteen lines to a page. Square character 


with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


9| 


Part of tractate Menahot. 12b—13b. 

Recto begins with O18 n>-oND Ppawm (12b), and ends with |S 
boxd (13a). Verso begins with mn297 py ‘77 ‘py ‘nM (13b), and 
ends with *xo mdiop ara ana? wip> (ibid.). 

There are some variants, as the omission of bpp 89) (12b) and 
Fvxot S”pp (13a). There are also some corrections by a later hand. 
Thus the words 7M07 1 AS NO (13b), which had been omitted, were 


inserted above the line. 


52 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


This fragments belongs to the same codex as Nos. 92, 93, and 94. 


A narrow piece of parchment, beautifully preserved, measuring 
5§X3% ins. (=14.9X8.8 cm.).- Eighteen lines have been preserved 
to a page. Bold square character. While the lines are complete 
in themselves, the leaf must have been considerably longer (about 
thirty lines to a page), as a great number of words is missing 
between recto and verso. There may have been two columns to a 


page, one of which is cut off. [Amram.] 


92 


Part of tractate Menahot. 16a—16b. 


Recto begins with 7551 mwdwa pa (16a, 1. 37), and ends with 
m(w) ayats xunm] (16b, 1. 13). About one line is missing between 
recto and verso; the latter begins with ‘D7 JWOD RT ADYyN (zbid., 1. 14), 
and ends with wwp xb xn md sya mobimb (16b, |. 29). 


There is a number of variants, as bup...nnwsin by neyn b> 
for pp... .nnwen... (16a, 1. 43); m~3wm aAnwr ra Sypw yo for p> 
modwar... (ibid., 1. 45); INNP paNm for Ywp INNP pa Nm (16b, 1. 1); 
rpno for Pn (2bid., il. 5,6); minp> partys ps for paras pS (zdzd., 
1. 12); bod for bpd (cbid., 1. 19); 197 wIp> xm for xaD wIp> KIM 
1 enn? (ibid., Il. 23-29). 

This fragment belongs to the same codex as Nos. 91, 93, and 94. 


A narrow piece of parchment, beautifully preserved, measuring 
15375 ins. (=22.68.6 cm.). It is trimmed on all sides, but the 
length of the lines is intact. Twenty-nine lines have been preserved 
to a side; but judging from the missing words, each page seems to 
have had about thirty lines. There may have also been two columns 


to a page, one of which is cut off. Bold square character. [Lederer.] 


93 


Part of tractate Menahot. 17a. 


Recto begins with F377 NIT (17a, 1.10), and ends with Yupn 
svpnd pip (ibid., 1.29). Verso begins with nvm yaw mt nN mt pasyn 
mpaw (Mishnah 3 to end). This is followed by Gemara °DS 7"8 
yimy 1”"8, and the page ends with T>°D8 pws (17a, last line). 


It is obvious that in this manuscript each chapter was preceded 
by the entire Mishnah appertaining to it, as in the Yerushalmi. 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 53 


There are some variants, as the omission of x9 before rile b2), 
~or (1.19), and 0"» (1. 24); it has S70N 37 ‘ONT for NTDN 7"s (1. 20) 
ANGUNIN fOr oN ies ty. 

This fragment belongs to the same codex as Nos. 91, 92, and 94. 

A narrow piece of parchment, beautifully preserved, measuring 
72X33 ins. (=19X9 cm.). Twenty-four lines have been preserved 
to a page. Bold square character. While the lines are complete in 
themselves, the leaf must have been considerably longer (about thirty 
lines to a page), as a great number of words is missing between 
recto and verso. There may have been two columns to a page, one 


of which is cut off. [Amram.] 


94 


Part of tractate Menahot. 18a—18b. 

Recto begins with bpp bom ona mind (18a), and ends with 'Dx 
ows (zbid.). Verso begins with 7”2NS bioD (zbid.), and ends with 
SIS PND nn x5) (18b). The Mishnah is not given, for in this codex, 
as in the Yerushalmi, each chapter was preceded by the entire Mish- 
nah appertaining to it. 

There are some variants, as ’n¥xp 891 yndn Sd Sy ona instead 
of *nwpa) rpobn... (18a). There are also some mistakes which have 
been corrected by a later hand. Thus S105 °> mnnww for miww (idid.). 

This fragment belongs to the same codex as Nos. 91, 92, and 93. 

A narrow piece of parchment, beautifully preserved, measuring 
73X45 ins. (=18.7X10.4 cm.). Twenty-four lines have been pre- 
served toa page. Bold square character. While the lines are complete 
in themselves, the leaf must have been considerably longer (about 
thirty lines to a page), as a great number of words is missing between 
recto and verso. There may have been two columns to a page, one of 


which is cut off. [Amram.] 


95 


Part of the ‘Aruk by Nathan b. Jehiel of Rome. 
Recto begins with Oxy Mion mony Vy? (s. v. Ds), and ends 
with xb wen 12 poand (s. v. Dax). Verso continues recto, though 


the first few words are torn off, and ends with (!)ANIT DAN AS AML (s. v. 
mNIT DAR). 


54 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


There are some interesting variants. The quotation from Be- 
reshit Rabbah 19 (s. 7. Maas) is as follows: O48 722 by PI¥D Po” nynw 
Mon) TON OM Vp. 


This leaf belongs to the same fascicle as No. 96, which continues 
it. Indeed the small portion attached to this fragment is part of 
No. 96. 

One paper leaf and a small portion of another, badly damaged 
and torn, measuring 83 X64 ins. (=21.6X15.5 cm.) There are twenty- 
two lines to a page. Square character with a strong tendency to 


cursiveness. [Amram.] 


96 


Part of the ‘Aruk by Nathan b. Jehiel of Rome. 


Recto begins with NIM Awy wWITD (s. v. ANI DIX) and the last 
legible words are 'O& TDWTAT NWIA (s. v. PAN). Some words are missing 
between recto and verso; the latter begins with MM 5D ]Aw, and the 
last legible words are 72 As [NT AI]. 

This leaf contains important variants, as 2238 Dxyow pwba sapn 
-yrrbs for Sxyow "Sa o~ytds aN NPI AMD OXxD? Nbw ATAND 
for AMD ND) Row —Paxd; yow 17 for ww 17 (the reading of this frag- 


ment is decidedly superior). There is also a number of scribal errors. 


One paper leaf, badly damaged and torn, measuring 736% ins. 
(=19x15.5 cm.). Recto has preserved eighteen lines, while verso 
still has twenty-one. Square character with a strong tendency to 


cursiveness. 


This leaf belongs to the same fascicle as No. 95 of which it is a 
continuation. Indeed the small portion attached to No. 95 is part 
of this fragment. [Lederer.] 


97 


Part of the ‘Aruk by Nathan b. Jehiel of Rome. 


These fascicles cover the words pD—¥7. Of this section about 
a fourth has been preserved, as eighteen leaves are missing altogether, 
while more than a half of each leaf is cut off. 


This fragment contains some interesting variants. ‘There are in- 
dications that the author arranged his work into books and chapters, 


which were numbered. Every letter of the alphabet formed a separate 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH ays 


book, and there were accordingly twenty-two books, while the second 
letter of the word began a new chapter. Thus all words beginning 
with 38 belonged to book 1, chapter 1, while words beginning 
with 18 were included in book 1, chapter 2, and so forth. Being an 
adherent of the biliteral theory, the author did not make a separate 
chapter for the third radical. Owing to the missing parts in this 
fragment, most of the chapter headings are wanting, and none of the 
book headings is given; but the following are numbered: nm”? p15 before 
15 (fol. 3b); ‘1 p15 before 1% (fol. 14a); ‘1 pnb before 7p (16a); 
‘epabebetoresOps folmli/a).= eo Dabetore:.}q) (fol.221b).5 01> pab 
before pn) (22a). 

The first word of each paragraph is in large square character. 

Twenty-two parchment leaves, made up into five fascicles. Size 
4ix<7% ins. (=10.4X20cm.). Originally each fascicle seems to have 
consisted of eight leaves, but only the first fascicle had been preserved 


in its entirety. At present fascicle 1 has eight leaves, 


Mis De ae six . 
I 3} eel OUT a 
6 4 66 two 66 
os Se two nM 


Only thirteen lines to a page have been preserved; but judging from 
the missing parts, fifteen lines or more have been cut off. Accordingly 
there must have been twenty-eight or thirty lines to a page. Square 


character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


98 


Part of a Hebrew-Arabic glossary to the Mishnah. Only dif- 
ficult or unusual words and expressions are explained. The arrange- 
ment of the words is not alphabetic, but follows the order in which 
they occur in the Mishnah. 


This fragment, some parts of which are entirely obliterated, covers 


the following tractates: 


Horayot: The first expression that can readily be decipherd in 
line 1 is 77 M>1y yaqp (2.9); Abot: The first word is mam (1.10). 
The next word is 7)) (1.13); Zebahim: The first word is Vnon (2.4); 
Menahot: The first word to be explained is 21a8 (10.4). The frag- 
ment ends with yo" 'r'm” onda onw> yor ‘9T'r (11.4). 


56 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


One parchment leaf, measuring 6X53 ins. (=15.2X14 cm.). 
Number of lines on recto and verso is thirteen and fourteen, respect- 


ively. Square character. [Adler.] 


99 


Part of Rashi’s commentary on tractate‘Erubin (without text). 
88b-89b. 

Fol. 1a begins with mox ‘1 Sy mox '7 Nyy (88b), and 1b ends 
with MD’)7p) MI MVxXN 'oN) (89a); fol. 2a continues 1b, and 2b ends 
with m Sy mx’nD wy (89b). 

There are some interesting variants. Thus the printed edition 
has nt 1a inawy ob) (89a). This fragment, however, reads 0°93) 
mt uit naw, 

Two paper leaves, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle, measuring 

13 x54 ins. (=17.3X13.3 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twenty- 
four to twenty-five to a page. Square character with a distinct tend- 


ency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


100 


Part of the Arabic original of Maimonides’ commentary on the 
Mishnah. This fragment contains a portion of the preface explaining 
the reason for the arrangement of the various tractates. 

Fol. 1 discusses the arrangement of the tractates from Kil’ayim 
to Ta‘anit. Some leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. The latter 


begins with Horayot, and 2b ends with Kinnim. 


Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, forming the outer 
sheet of a fascicle. Size 83X52 ins. (=21.6X14.3 cm.). Number of 
lines ranges from twenty-one to twenty-two to a page. Square char- 


acter with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


101 


Part of Maimonides’ Arabic commentary on Mishnah Middot. 

Recto begins with middle of 1.8. The second chapter is headed 
*1¥ P7D in a large square hand. Verso ends with the middle of 2.4. 

One paper leaf, slightly damaged and faded, measuring 93X63 
ins. (=24.116.4 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twenty-three 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH oh 


to twenty-four. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. 


[Amram. } 
102 


Part of the commentary of Nahmanides on Niddah (77) °winn 
ieee 

Recto begins with anv sTyww wimm (Niddah 14b; Commen- 
tary, Mv’w Mwon, Sulzbach, 1752, p. 82c, |. 17), and verso ends with 
wind Sax normd prwa (Niddah 15a; Commentary, ibid., 1.58). There 


are some important variants. 
This leaf belongs to the same codex as Nos. 103, 104, 105, and 106. 
One paper leaf, measuring 74§ X53 ins. (=20.114.3 cm.). There 


are twenty-four lines to a page. Rabbinic cursive character. [Adler.] 


103 


Part of the commentary of Nahmanides on Niddah (97) (won 
yan). | 

Fol. 1a begins with 19 PS NASD omiw> wind (Commentary, p. 82c, 
1. 58). After 100 v>n orden DS sw our manuscript inserts a few 
lines from a paragraph which should be placed in the next page. This 
paragraph is 77S ‘DIS w"a IND (op. cit., p. 82d, 1. 20). It is after- 

* wards repeated. This commentary continues till the bottom of fol. 2b 
which ends with mnN71 Now 0515 wwn (op. cil., p. 83a, 1. 4). Sixteen 
leaves are missing between fol. 2b and 3a. The sixteen leaves marked 
104 are to be inserted here. Fol. 3a begins with }}D119 18 Pond (op. cit., 
85c, 1. 37). This commentary continues till the bottom of fol. 4b 
which ends with nw>w ‘maa cinptp Nds (op. cit., p. 85d, 1. 56). 

This fragment offers a number of variants some of which involve 
complete sentences, while others are merely phraseological. The pages 
of tractate Niddah are marked on the margin by a later hand. 

This fragment belongs to the same codex as Nos. 102, 104, 105, 
and 106. 

Four paper leaves. 875 X54 ins. (=20.414.4 cm.). Number 
of lines on each page is twenty-four. Rabbinic cursive character. 

These four leaves formed the outer sheets of a fascicle which, 
perhaps, consisted of twenty leaves. The inner sixteen leaves are 
found in the Adler collection (see No. 104). [Friedenwald.] 


58 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


104 


Part of the commentary of Nahmanides on Niddah (77) °wo4n 
‘statin 

This fragment begins with DTA Pm) wown non (Commentary, 
1752, p. 83a, 1. 4), and ends with }>19 onnaaws Nox AM pan pr (op. cit., 
bre, I. ah 

The variants are very slight in this fragment. The pages of 
tractate Niddah are marked on the margin by a later hand. 

This fragment belongs to the same codex as Nos. 102, 103, 105, 
and 106. 

Sixteen paper leaves, measuring 87 X54 ins. (=20.414.4 cm.). 
Number of lines on each page is twenty-four. Rabbinic cursive char- 
acter. These sixteen leaves are fastened together by a string. They 


are continuous, and are to be inserted between fol. 2b and 3a of No. 
103. [Adler.] 


105 


Part of the commentary of Nahmanides on Niddah (77) °witn 
Pale) 

Fol. 1a begins with 195m xd1.. Sn) 5079 Tox aw DAd ADI 
mmMw> JON many Synw 3 wap mSX (Niddah 32a; Commentary, 86a, 
1. 8 from bottom), and fol. 16b ends with °> 148 CND (DID ODA ONT 
Qx> @> sano (Niddah 40b). 

There is a number of variants, some of which are important. 
This fascicle belongs to the same codex as Nos. 102, 103, 104, and 100. 

Sixteen paper leaves, fastened by a string and forming one fas- 
cicle, Size /4¢ <5 ins..(=20,1 x 14/3" cm.).) There are twenty-tour 


lines to a page. Rabbinic cursive character. [Adler.] 


106 


Part of the commentary of Nahmanides on Niddah (77) °witn 
Stat 

Fol. 1a begins with amadb -yava atnuw w 1 m9 Dd) (Niddah 
42a; Commentary, p. 89b, |. 26), and fol. 18b ends with ‘ni aya pwd 
‘WIP paasS ww (Niddah 61b; Commentary, p. 92a, |. 59). There is 
a number of variants, some of which are important. This fascicle 
belongs to the same codex as Nos. 102, 103, 104. and 105. 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 59 


Eighteen paper leaves, fastened by a string and forming one fas- 
cicle. Size 74¢ 5% ins. (=20.1X14.3 cm.). There are twenty-four 
lines to a page. Rabbinic cursive character. [Adler.] 


107 


Part of a kabbalistic commentary on tractate Berakot. Recto 
of each leaf is headed M373 nDdD%9, while verso has the superscription 
'S pb, 

Fol. 1 has nothing but the commentary, but the lower right-hand 
corner of fol. 2a has °DY ‘9 778 NIN (Berakot 3a), which is continued 
on the right side of 2b, the commentary being written on the left side. 
The quotation from the text ends with pad 2 [8 dim] (zbid.). 


The text is shorter than that of the printed editions, and there 
are some lexical variants, as the words m>xp mban ...7>y mbw 
% px) are omitted, and it has m& (ND Iw) -Ma nsx cnaanmw > 
pad cia nis ombam] (!) $x. 

Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, forming the inner 
sheet of a fascicle. Size 8264 ins. (=22.2X16.4 cm.). There are 
twenty-eight lines to a page. The text is in bold square character, while 


the commentary is in a Spanish cursive hand. [Amram.] 


108 


Part of a commentary or responsum on tractate Hagigah 21b and 
22a (in connection with the immersion of vessels). 

The opinions of Raba and R. Ela Uragment reads *xybx, whereas 
printed edition has xb°s) are quoted. 

A narrow piece of parchment, the greater part of which is torn 
off, measuring 63 X2# ins. (=16.4X7 cm.). Recto has nineteen lines, 
while verso has twenty. Square character with a tendency to cur- 


siveness. [Amram.]| 
109 


Part of a commentary on tractate Yebamot 22b-25a. This com- 


mentary is more extensive than that of Rashi. 

Recto discusses MMDwy mmxd vp (22b). The page must have 
been very large, as verso begins with the explanation of 29 25v) 0°) 5 
(24b). The last words are xxn xb ony x29 °D (discussion of 25a). 


60 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


A piece of parchment, faded and badly damaged, only the lower 
corner having been preserved. Size 5377s ins. (=13.7X17.9 cm.). 
The number of lines cannot be ascertained. Rabbinic cursive 


character. [Amram.] 
110 


Part of an Arabic commentary on tractate Baba kamma 4/a-— 
50a. 


Fol. 1a has explanations of the words Nov’D and NM) (47a). This 
is followed by PM7p D'DMw AIPM, and the discussion is continued 
on 1b; 2a begins with and PDD Mw Nw (48b), and 2b ends with the 
discussion on R. Ishmael’s supposed opinion concerning the owner of 
the pit (50a). . 

Two paper leaves, slightly damaged, measuring 635 ins. (=16. 
412.7 cm.). The number of lines ranges from sixteen to nineteen 
to a page, except 1b which has only seven, the lower half being blank. 


[Amram.] 
Hil 


Part of a lengthy commentary on tractate Shebu‘ot. These two 
leaves cover Shebu‘ot 12a—14b. 


No authorities are quoted; but the writer seems to belong to the 


school of Nahmanides. 


Two paper leaves, one of them badly damaged and torn, measuring 
73 xX 576 ins. (=18.1X<15 cm.).. The upper part is torn off, and the 
number of lines preserved is twenty-two to a page. Square character 


with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


112 


Part of an extensive commentary (not by Nahmanides) on ‘Abodah 
Zarah. 37b-38b. 


Recto begins with an explanation of ANDY PDD (37b), and verso 
ends with 1) minw pa (38b). 

One paper leaf, badly damaged and torn, measuring 735% ins. 
(=19X14.6cm.). Recto has twenty-two lines, while verso has twenty- 
three. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. 


[Amram.] 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 61 


113 


Colophon of a book entitled MwNIA WIT (not Bereshit Rabbah). 


Recto has the concluding formula of the book, which ends 791] 
on mvysia wat. While practically the entire passage, consisting 
chiefly of biblical verses of consolation, is in Hebrew, there are two 
Arabic words (ndip nani: ‘may He fulfil His promise’) which would 
lead to the assumption that the book was written in Arabic, though 
not necessarily so. 


Verso is blank. 


One paper leaf, measuring.8 X54 ins.(=20.3 X 14.9 cm.). Oriental 


cursive character. [Amram.] 
114 


Part of a haggadic commentary on Genesis similar to Midrash 
Rabbah. | 


Fol. 1 covers the end of Wayyesheb and the beginning of Mikkes 
(Genesis 40.18-41.3). Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 


2a. Fol. 2 deals with Wayyiggash (ibid. 46.28-47.14). 


This fragment contains additional matter not found in the printed 
text of the Midrash Rabbah. 


Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, forming the outer 
sheet of a fascicle. Size 634% ins. (=16.1X12 cm.). The upper 
part is torn off, but there were at least thirty lines to a page. Square 


character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


115 


Part of a rationalistic treatise on haggadic passages in the Midrash 


and Talmud. 


Fol. 1b begins with nym) mAbNA which concludes the writer’s 
discourse on some haggadah. This is followed by ]a9 ow yor? "9 
Ox DIDI WIAD maw obo (Exodus Rabbah 38.8), and by °n oom 
31272 1ne nn nwo mwod "371d Ws pny? "7 ADS 827 DN IS (Berakot 
32a). At the bottom of this page is the word m5°>n with which the 
following page began. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 
fol. 2a. The latter concludes a discourse perhaps on ond 15 7108 
nna xba nm odin yo mmw (Berakot 35a). This is followed by 708 
M973 WS WD 13 PSY m3 BS 37 (ibid. 40b) and WIS VSO '7 77 
LIVY TON JON "yoaw DAY Nw P10 (7bid. 50a). Fol. 2b concludes the 


62 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


discourse on the preceding passage, and is followed by iY wpaw jax 
m5 opm enon Sxnwd pind (ibid. 54b). 

Maimonides is quoted: m>sq mivwn cny 5"? o”apnn awa 72D 
bw mwon wiprp nmnpa mobyin Fpuiybimbal (Rob, CAgy 1h 23 n 


The text of the Midrash and Talmud presents numerous variants. 


Two paper leaves, measuring 73X63 ins. (=20X15.5 cm.). 
Number of lines on each page is twenty-seven. Rabbinical cursive 
character. Fol. 1 is pasted to a piece of cardboard which was one of 
the covers of this codex. Fol. la is thus entirely covered. Fol. 2a 
is marked MP which proves that we are in the middle of the book. 
[ Adler. } 


116 


Part of a collection of homilies for various occasions and dis- 
courses on midrashic passages. 


The first six leaves deal with a sermon in connection with the Book 
of Joshua. Fol. 6b has only six lines, the rest of the page being blank. 
It bears obwn on. Fol. 7a is headed ywim’, and begins the discourse 
with Joshua 14.6. This ends on fol. 8a. On the next page there is 
a sermon headed niyo wins, which ends on fol. 11b. Then follows 
a discourse headed xx mv3p> apn, which ends on fol. 13a, I. 11. 
Then follows a short discourse on 3"3 WON NVIN 72 Non Awa nd ‘9 
WR BIND ODYD (Leviticus Rabbah 34.1). The six leaves referred to 
above contain four short homilies on midrashic subjects, the third of 
which is headed 771n 1n29 MND. The last two leaves are in the same 
writing as the first fourteen. They contain two homilies for Passover. 
The first is headed nop bw yay ord apND DD, and the second 72ND 
man mow nop> omy. Of the latter the first part alone has been 


preserved. 
It belongs to the same codex as No. 117. 


Twenty-two paper leaves, fastened together by a string and form- 
ing one fascicle. The leaves are numbered, and are in consecutive 
order from 7) to 7D. Size 8§X57% ins. (=20.6X15 cm.). With the 
exception of six leaves (marked from nm) to 1D, which are in an entirely 
different hand, and may have been inserted from another codex or 
from another treatise), there are twenty-three lines to a full page. 
The other six leaves have twenty-four lines to a page. Italian rab- 
binic cursive character, while the headings are in a beautiful square 
hand. [Adler.] 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 63 


117 


Part of a collection of homilies for various occasions and discourses 


on midrashic passages. 


Fol. 1a begins with the middle of a discourse on Ww? NON IN PR 
WD piny Nd ts WNIT ANow (Exodus Rabbah 23.4). This discourse 
is concluded at the bottom of fol, 1b. Fol. 2a is headed ann jnob, 
and has a discourse on }ONT A M77 1" NON 7 OWA NVIN- TA TTY>N 78 
13) 71n 81)p (Bereshit Rabbah 1.10). Six difficulties are pointed out 
by the author, and he proceeds to answer them. At the end of fol. 2b 
we are still in the middle of the discourse. 

It belongs to the same codex as No. 116. 

Two paper leaves, measuring 875 X5% ins. (=20.414.9 cm.). 
Number of lines on each page is twenty-three. Italian rabbinic 


cursive character. The leaves are marked 1"D, nD. [Friedenwald.] 


118 


Part of a book containing stories from rabbinic literature on the 
merits of charity. 

One parchment leaf, torn and faded, measuring 6234} ins. (=17. 
111.4 cm.). Number of lines ranges from thirty to thirty-two. 


Small square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


119 


Part of a treatise, in Hebrew, in the form of an ethical will, on the 
merits of charity. It contains abundant quotations from rabbinic 
literature. 

Two paper leaves, slightly damaged, forming the outer sheet of a 
fascicle. Size 87552 ins. (=20.414.3 cm.). Number of lines 
ranges from twenty-five to twenty-six to a page. Square character 
with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Adler.] 


120 
Fragment of mpiop mo5n. 


Recto begins with mnDw (p. 85, |. 17 of Schlossberg’s edition, 
1886), and ends with the paragraph m>oya> nwy mexmw moxdo ibs) 
(ibid.,p. 86, 1. 4). It seems that in our fragment this paragraph was 


64 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


longer. But this part is almost entirely damaged, and the nature of 


the additional matter cannot be ascertained. 


Verso begins with 732 nx [Ap] (zbid., p. 86, 1. 12), and ends 
with md PR IN (zb7d., p. 86, 1. 2 from bottom). 


Our fragment offers a number of important variants. Thus the 
printed edition has "np 20° NvINd TDN APD (ibid., p. 85, 1. 19), 
while our fragment reads Anp’10 °D MY Ty NvrT>d Ad TON Ap 2D. 

In our fragment after the precept about nursing a baby there is 
a precept about the share a daughter is to have in her father’s inher- 
itance. The case dealt with is that of a man who dies without leaving 
a will. This precept hardly belongs here, and is missing in the printed 
edition. The formula of introducing a talmudic passage in the printed 
edition is 7329 11n; but our fragment has D’9DN lw. 


One parchment leaf, measuring 7% X6% ins. (=20X17.4 cm.). 
Number of lines on each page was probably twenty-nine. The lower 
part is badly damaged, and the writing is scarcely legible; it is there- 
fore impossible to ascertain the exact number of lines. Square 


character. [Friedenwald.] 


121 


Six responsa in Arabic and part of Hefes b. Yasliah’s Book of 
Precepts. 


Responsum 1 (fol. 1a) is a discussion about the representative a 
woman appoints to receive her bill of divorce. Only the end of this 


responsum is preserved. 


Responsum 2 (fol. 1b) deals with the question whether the pro- 
hibition against making a betrothal party on a festival refers to that 
which the bridegroom makes or to that which the bride’s father makes 
for the bridegroom. The answer is that it refers to the latter. 


Responsum 3 (zbid.) deals with the question whether it is per- 
missible to rescue a Jew who had confessed to murder and was ar- 
rested and sentenced to death by a non-Jewish court. In the reply 
several passages from the Talmud are cited, and the decision is that it 
is not Only permissible, but it is the duty of every Jew to rescue that 
man by all possible means. 

Responsum 4 (fol. 2b) deals with the question whether a Jew 
may have his unleavened bread baked by a non-Jew who acquired 


skill in kneading and baking rapidly, thereby preventing fermen- 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 65 


tation of the dough. The reply is that if a Jew supervises the work, 
such a procedure is to be recommended. Incidentally the writer speaks 


of the limit of the quantity of dough that may be baked at one time. 


Responsum 5 (fol. 4b) deals with the question whether a man 
is permitted to obstruct the prayers in order to have his grievances 
redressed. The answer is that it is allowed; but if after being promised 


redress he persists in obstructing, he should be ejected. 


Of responsum 6 (zb7d.) only the beginning of the question is pre- 
served. It deals with people who come to synagogue in the early 


hours of the morning during the festivals and Sabbaths to recite Psalms. 


Fol. 5a-fol. 36a contain part of the Book of Precepts (saws anNnd) 
by Hefes b. Yasliah. Our fragment begins with the middle of the 
eighth precept of the third section of part 3, book 3. This part deals 
with civil law appertaining to damages and sacrifices that are to be 


brought as a duty. 


Part 4 (fol. 12b) is headed Sods on aon ywswe yo Tox bys 
nanbs *>y 457 apn yin °b1 syn moiypods paxapos °» oy’ Ja yen 
ayw "> orp pip2>s orp Syords vp aytadbx 21 197 741 yo 0° Jo. 


Part 5 (fol. 29a) is headed A¥I¥DD NNDNID WRawds yo ‘abs Sxpbds 
msaxyn nmaobs) Sonbs °p amo mbox ja yan babs ox *posn 
JN20) Nor bD°B orbn aDNN yRaw ‘vy ur 7d7 Vn Ayiss0. At the end 
of fol. 36a we reach as far as the middle of precept 3 of book 5 which is 
a very long one and deals with the defilement of vessels. Here the 
manuscript breaks off, though we are in the middle of a sentence, and 
fol. 36b is blank. This codex, therefore, never contained the entire 
book. 


Fol. 37a has in plain square writing 
2m pms ana apy 
PRSNST NIT mao rer abd 
75D JON. 


Fol. 37b has, in a different writing, a list of debtors who owed 
money to one of the owners of this codex. 
sop wor NIT oT dys oan tay 
Nap 77°32 Dds 1a Tay 
p1‘robyods may pn? ADP Tay 
Seer OREN bo Vols Lie pmol se 


This fragment was published with a Hebrew translation, notes, 
and an introduction by B. Halper, Philadelphia, 1915. 


66 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


Thirty-six and a half paper leaves, measuring 67% X55 ins. 
(=17.6X13.5 cm.). The number of lines on a page of the first four 
leaves ranges from 18 to 19, while the pages of the remainder of the 
codex have 23, 24, and 25 lines. Oriental square character with a 
tendency to cursiveness. These leaves are made up into four fascicles 
which are fastened together by a string. The first fascicle which 
hangs rather loosely contains four leaves. It is no doubt incomplete. 
The other fascicles originally consisted of ten leaves each. As was 
customary among scribes, the last page of a fascicle bears at the bottom 
the word with which the following fascicle begins. Every fascicle 
is marked by a letter of the alphabet. Guided by these signs we can 
know with certainty that the first fascicle did not form part of the 
original codex, and that the fascicle which is now second was the first, 
for the third, fourth, and fifth fascicles are marked 3, 1, and 7, respect- 
ively. Of the second fascicle eight: leaves are preserved; the first 
two leaves are torn off, while the last two are pasted to the following 
fascicle. It thus appears to have only six leaves. Fascicles 3 and 4 
are complete, each having ten leaves. The last fascicle has only three 
and a half leaves of writing belonging to this codex, verso of the 
fourth leaf being blank, while fol. 37 which is a narrow strip bears a 
few notes by a later hand (see above). 

The first four leaves are of a lighter hue than the others, but the 


writing is similar to, if not identical with that of the other fascicles. 
[ Adler. ] 


tafe 


Part of a Book of Precepts in Jewish-Arabic. The preserved 
fragment was part of the introduction in which the author explained 
his system. This work 1s neither by Maimonides nor by Hefe bb. 
Yasliah, although the author followed the latter in many respects. 
Apparently Hefes may have been the author, except for the fact that 
in this fragment the word xX is employed, whereas Hefes invariably 
uses my°w. Is it identical with the work a fragment of which was 
published by Neubauer in JOR., VI, p. 705? 


Two paper leaves, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle, measuring 
675 X5z ins. (=16X13.3cm.). Number of lines ranges from seventeen 
to eighteen to a page. Oriental square character with a tendency to 


cursiveness. [U. P.] 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 67 


123 


Part of Al-Fasi’s compendium of Pesahim. 

Fol. 1a begins with m>y 7 OND p"ny (chapter 10, p. 20b, I. 36, 
Vilna edition), and 1b ends with '®) NOP NOIR FIA (21a, |. 15); fol. 
2a continues 1b, and 2b ends with Np m51D MID (ibid., 1,28). 

The words x1 79 NOD) NOD 4D by FA fell out through homoio- 
teleuton. Otherwise there are some insignificant variants. 

These leaves are to be inserted in No. 124. 

Two paper leaves, badly damaged, forming the inner sheet of a 
fascicle. Size 67474 ins. (=—15.5x11.9 cm.) There: are .thirteen 
lines toa page. Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. 


[Amram.] 


[24 


Part of Al-Fasi’s compendium of Pesahim. 

Fol. 1a begins with m272 pnyow oratat >$20 (chapter 10, p. 
20b, 1.10, Vilna edition), and 1b ends with 7357 ps Sxvow ‘pw (ibid., 
1.25). Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a (No. 123 is to 
be inserted here). The latter begins with °° newb -yawn ov pa md 
(21a, 1. 38), and 2b ends with ww and oym cm Dn (ibid., 1. 48). 

There are some variants, as the omission of $728 at the beginning 
of fol. 2a. Instead of OYyn in last line of 2b, the scribe first wrote nnodby 
which he crossed out. 

This fragment belongs to the same codex as No. 123. 

Two paper leaves,forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 63 X44 
ins. (=15.511.9 cm.). There are thirteen lines to a page. Square 


character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


125 


Al-Fasi’s compendium of Baba batra. 


Recto begins with DIn& now pa (Vilna edition, 67b, last line), and 
verso ends with 72) 15s (68a, end of Mishnah). 

One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 975 X53 ins. 
(=23x14.3 cm.). Recto has nineteen lines, while verso has only 
seventeen. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. 


[Amram.] 


68 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


126 


Part of Al-Fasi’s treatise on Tefillin, extracted mostly from tractate 
Menahot, chapter 3, with a commentary. 

Fol. la begins with the commentary, which is followed by °s7 
popnt xn7ayp (Vilna edition, 7a, bottom}. Some leaves are missing 
between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter begins with by prrayn pr wpb ]3 
mxoar (8b, |. 8), and fol. 2b ends with ovmw on (ibid., 1. 29). There 
are some important variants. 

Two paper leaves, torn and faded, forming the outer sheet of a 
fascicle:. “ize “O02 X5750 1ns), (| =1/s1>c13)2 cm.) ee hneresare thirtecn 
lines to a page. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursive- 


ness. [Amram.] 


ar | 


Fol. 1 is part of Al-Fasi’s compendium of tractate Hullin. 


Fol. 1a begins with m710x md1D npn (AI-Fasi, Hullin, p. 38, 1. 13, 
Vilna edition), and ends with ik, yowd SP NT (zbid., 38b, 1.9). fol. 1b 
continues la, and ends with Dwr ja bw (ibid., 39a, 1. 17). 


The paragraphs which are included in brackets in the printed 
edition are missing here. They are obviously later interpolations, as 
they are not found in the extensive commentary of R. Nissim. Thus 
the long paragraph from a5n npy (38a, 1. 15) to amo 1wmo0> 7weK 
(38a, 1.46) is missing in our fragment, and not a single note On it occurs 


in R. Nissim’s commentary. 


Sporadic vocalization and marginal notes have been added by a 
later hand. The notes supply sentences which were omitted by the 
scribe. 

Fol. 2 contains part of a treatise in Arabic on the ordinances con- 
cerning Shehitah and Terefot. The style and orthography are rather 
vulgar. Asarulea short u is represented by }, but in some cases it is 
indicated by*. 

Is it by Samuel b. Jacob ibn Jam’? 


Two parchment leaves, measuring 63 X 67g ins. (=15.5 15.3 cm.). 
Number of lines on each page of fol.1 is fifteen, while on foll.2a and 2b 
there are twenty-two and twenty-one lines, respectively. Square 
character with a tendency to cursiveness. These two leaves formed 
part of a fascicle the inner leaves of which are missing. The writing 


is the same on both leaves, but the characters of fol. 1 are much larger 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 69 


than those on fol. 2. This is to be accounted for by the fact that dif- 


ferent treatises are written on these leaves. [Adler.] 


128 

Part of Maimonides’ Yad ha-Hazakah. Hilkot Talmud Torah. 4.7- 
Shee 

Recto begins with 7193 sos ann (4.7), and verso ends with mn 
ayo wpm: awd (5.3). 

There are marginal notes in Arabic, added by a later hand, to ex- 
plain difficult words. The word commented upon usually has a circle 
over it. Thus 777702 is explained by 75 ]¥=(43 cp). 

The paragraphs are not numbered. Chapter 5 is headed p75 
WT, 

(It probably belongs to the same codex as the other Yad ha-Haza- 
kah fragments of the Amram collection.) 

One paper leaf, damaged, measuring 92 X64 ins. (= 24.8 17.4 cm.). 
There are twenty-two lines toa page. Square character witha tendency 


to cursiveness. [U. P.] 


129 


- Part of Maimonides’ Yad ha-Hazakah. Hilkot Tefillah. 12.20-24. 

Recto begins with VYDDN aby (12.20), and ends with ‘na 59) 
(12.24). 

There are some insignificant variants, as 137¥ instead of 13700? 
(12.23). The word wp is omitted in 12.20 The paragraphs are not 
numbered. The left-hand margin has scribbling in Arabic characters, 
and >| es!) ai} ~~ is very plain. 

Verso, which was originally blank, is covered with scribbling in 
Arabic characters. 

One paper leaf, measuring 93.575 ins. (=23.6%13.8 cm.). 
Recto has nineteen lines. Square character with a tendency to 


cursiveness. [Amram.| 
130 


Part of Maimonides’ Yad ha-Hazakah. Hilkot Tefillah 13.14- 
Hilkot Tefillin 7. 

Fol. 1a begins with the middle of man moon. The first line is 
12 PRVP VM WIDNw Dx (chapter 13, paragraph 14; the printed 
edition has 17 DNw myiym idx). 


70 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


Chapter 13 of 745n mobn ends on fol. 3a, 1. 13. Chapter 14 
extends from fol. 3a, 1. 14, to fol. 6b, 1. 3. Chapter 15 extends from 
fol. 6b, |. 4, to fol. 8b, 1. 19. This chapter which is the end of m2bn 
mb5n ends with (m>D mx) JON=) DIN ]y’OT yor 7a. ‘Then follows 
the title Wn WDD AN poan ma>n which ends fol. 8b, as well as the 


fascicle. 


A leaf is missing between fascicle 1 and fascicle 2. 


The first line of fascicle 2 (fol. 9a) is DwD DIT HSpr Son J My 
(chapter 1, paragraph 6 of '1D) popn maz). This chapter ends on 
fol12a;-18 4: Chapter, 2 extends from: folosl2a 2 to, fol i4 elo. 
Chapter 3 extends from fol. 14, 1. 17, to fol. 19a, 1.1. Chapter 4 extends 
from fol. 19a, |. 2, to fol. 24, 1. 5. Chapter 6 extends from fol. 24a, 
1. 6, to fol. 26a, 1. 16. Chapter 6 extends from fol. 26a, 1. 17, to the bot- 
tom of fol. 28b which is the end of our fragment. On the lower left- 
hand corner are the words "y’a¥ p15 with which the next page 
began. 


The last page of this manuscript is obliterated in many places. 


Although the paragraphs are divided from one another by three 
dots, they are not numbered in this fragment. 


Our manuscript offers a number of variants in phraseology. 


Twenty-eight paper leaves, measuring 9g X6% ins. (=23X15.5 
cm.). These leaves form three fascicles which are fastened together 
by a string. Originally each fascicle had ten leaves, and fascicles 2 
and 3 still consist of this number. But the outer sheet, that is to say, 
two leaves of fascicle 1, is missing. Hence we miss one leaf at the 
beginning of this fascicle and one leaf at the end. Number of lines on 
each page ranges from twenty-two to twenty-three. Bold square 


character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Adler.] 


131 


Part of Maimonides’ Yad ha-Hazakah. Issure Bi’ah. First 
legible word is saa (1.5); last legible words are NIT PDd[D ow lniwmM 
(127); 

One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 93 X5# ins. (=23.1 
14.6 cm.). There are twenty-four lines to a page. Oriental square 


character, with a tendency to cursiveness. [U. P.] 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH et 


132 


Part of Maimonides’ Yad ha-Hazakah, Hilkot ‘Akum, chapter 1. 


Recto begins with 771 AMay ANS, and ends with Fwd xdw: verso 
continues recto, and ends with oban 7010 eto 


One paper leaf, badly damaged and torn, measuring 936? ins. 
(=24.1X17.1 cm.). There are twenty-two lines to a page. Square 


character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.| 


133 


Part of Hebrew text and Arabic translation of Maimonides’ Yad 
ha-Hazakah. Hilkot Shehitah 2.7-15. The Arabic translation, which 
is literal, follows each paragraph. The first word or so in the Hebrew 
paragraphs is in red ink. Every Arabic paragraph is headed nw, 


also in red ink. The paragraphs are not numbered. 


Fol. 1a begins with the Arabic translation of ADAYA (NANDPa, 
2.7), and fol. 6b ends with pwstpan *>iwD (2.15). 


This fragment contains lexical variants as well as differences in 
the arrangement of paragraphs. Thus 7x27 for ANAM (2.8). Para- 
graph 10 begins with TInkw Ow J) TW) INO’ TASS OVS CY ONY, 
whereas in the printed edition it begins with 1ynww ov. We also have 
mone ir oan for nw°nmw an (zbtd.). Paragraphs 11 and 12 are run 
together, whereas paragraph 13 is divided into two (0°727 71 being 
a new paragraph). 

The translator may be Samuel ha-Dayyan (see No. 134). 


Six paper leaves, forming a small fascicle of three sheets. Size 
53x32 ins.. (=14X9.5 cm.). Square character with a tendency to 


cursiveness. There are twelve lines to a page. [Amram.] 


134 


Probably the title-page of a Jewish-Arabic book on the laws of 
slaughtering animals by Samuel ha-Dayyan ha-Maskil. 


Recto has in bold square character: 'p')’) 772sn '2 AW nD>n 
SIU an Sxiow wa) 140. Then follow a few phrases which may 
have been part of the preface 

Tox par pryds Thos xx ndxo 
MNON. [NWS AWN TNyRV> 
TNs 10 2y ay No 75 yoin TS, 


V2 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


but the first line is repeated twice, and the rest is mere scribbling. 
It appears as though some one utilized the blank space to test his 
pen. This is confirmed by verso which has several times obp mann, 
and a number of letters of the alphabet. 

One paper leaf, damaged and torn, measuring 643% ins. (=15. 
Seo ici seamratie| 


135 


Part of a collection of laws by various scholars of Rome. 


Recto has the end of the laws of slaughtering by Abraham b. 
Elijah of Rome (a’md: os ‘anna ontay.. oo? Sy neene moon iby 
917 we). This is followed by Hilkot Terefah by Judah b. Benjamin 
of Rome. The author’s preface is first given, explaining the object 
of writing this book. Seeing many of his countrymen rendering deci- 
sions in a lenient way, relying in every case upon that gaonic authority 
who declares a thing permitted, the author ‘arose to clarify matters’. 
Then comes the superscription 173 ANA 17 ADnw Ap 7 ma>n ‘DDD 
mow opbm oni wr y") por. 


One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 835% ins. (= 20.6 
14.1 cm.). Recto has eighteen lines, while verso has twenty. 


Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


136 


Fol. 1 contains excerpts from tannaitic literature. It might have 


been some sort of code similar to the Halakot Pesukot. 


Fol. ta begins with 772) Antya...ayob: md mony yap im Nd 
(comp. Berakot 62a). Then follows a paragraph marked nm which deals 
with the laws of writing a scroll. It begins with n21015 mvyd ox In 
ID) 7&2 (comp. Sukkah 133b), and is followed by atybs }2 Pyow jan 
nD) pmin> 779 VN 737 Dw Ws (comp. Sifre Re’eh, section 61,p. 87b, 
ed. Friedmann, where this statement is ascribed to R. Ishmael). Fol. 1b 
continues this paragraph as far as oD 79x ‘nb }> wyn n> (our frag- 
ment has 7398 3D5). Then comes a new paragraph marked ¥ which 
begins with 1D) ppnaiw maw a w’ (comp. Shebu‘ot 35a). This page 
ends Wwin Sy prow wr stam Nan Synz bax. The last four words 
are from Masseket Soferim 4.9. See description of No. 137. 


Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The two leaves 
of No. 137 are to be inserted here, 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH ris 


Fol. 2 is part of a theological treatise written in vulgar Jewish- 
Arabic. It divides prophets and prophecies into four categories. 
It begins with o2 29) O22 PIN °D TDN Ny °D ONp 77D) DN ND. 


Both the Hebrew and the Arabic are badly copied. Words and 
even sentences are omitted, leaving the paragraphs disconnected. 
The orthography of the Arabic part is vulgar and phonetic. Almost 
in every case)}and’ are put after a short uw and 7, respectively. A long a 
is represented by 8 even where Arabic has $i as noy= kt. No dia- 
critical points are placed on any letter. stands for (2,as yTD= 0? 
The word ]8 after ym19 in the above quotation is a kind of enclitic, 
and should be compared with ba‘den="“‘after’’ in modern Arabic. 
It is also possible that it merely stands for the nunation=maudi‘in. 
When the 9 of the definite article is assimilated to the following letter 
it is entirely omitted. Thus SBS m= (7 Ul. The first 
> in °YMS& doubtlessly represents e=classical a. A curious spelling 
is oiwox= YI. 

Two parchment leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. 
Size 53X43 ins. (=14X11.4 cm.). Number of lines on each page is 
thirteen, except fol. 2b which has twelve lines. Oriental square 


_character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Adler.] 


137 


Part of a code or theological treatise in vulgar Jewish-Arabic. 


The first line of fol. 1a is D¥pam 1 wbw (read 3n) ain which is the 
continuation of N°w3n by Pix wi. The sentence is not finished, and 
a new treatise in Arabic begins in the second line. The first few lines 
are as follows: *tnanbs mpya d10b> q>>nbs 955 tombs jor 7x8 ODA 
bodibs wip o> mm pax “nas o> mn. This preface continues till the 
end of 1b, but is not finished, as some leaves are missing between 1b 
and 2a. The latter begins with the following: aNn2>bs TImw 7 
pppin oop oo xby ody) 1s Nar on xyrR PNT SD Sypr Sxrat Dipa 
DOPS yas xdby mppin wm maby. 


Fol. 2b ends with this sentence n17D9yx own NON 'w? 22a D1D7 7dr 
PINNN PSynXd o1DIX. The words 2°11 Nd of fol. 2a of No. 136 complete 


this sentence. 


For the description of the orthography see No. 136. In this 


fragment we see that the copyist was by no means consistent, for he 


74 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


has here °2I5". A very interesting spelling 1s OWN for ele 
JSYNND = C) gaat». This is the only case where ® is used after a short a. 


Two parchment leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. 
Size 54X44 ins. (=14X11.4 cm.). Number of lines on each page 
ranges from eleven to fourteen. Oriental square character with a 
tendency to cursiveness. 

These two leaves are to be inserted between fol. 1b and fol. 2a of 
No. 136, as ia of this fragment is a continuation of 1b of the other, 


and 2a of that fragment continues 2b of this one. [Adler.] 


138 


Part of a code, in Jewish-Arabic, dealing with the laws of marriage 
and divorce. It may belong to Hefes b. Yasliah’s Book of Precepts. 
A piece of parchment, badly damaged, measuring 535 4% ins. 
(=13.211.4 cm.). There were at least eighteen lines to a page. 


Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


139 


Part of a Jewish-Arabic compendium of talmudic laws, probably 
by Samuel b. Hofni. The two leaves are not continuous. 

Fol. lade with the laws of inheritance, while fol. 1 treats of the 
laws appertaining to a hireling. The leaves that followed, as stated 
in the last line of fol. 2b, were devoted to the laws of buying and selling. 

Two paper leaves, slightly damaged, forming the outer sheet of 
a fascicle. Size 83 X57% ins. (=20.6X14.4 cm.). Number of lines 
ranges from fourteen to fifteen to a page. There is some writing on 
the margin, lengthwise. Oriental square character with a tendency 


to cursiveness. [U. P.] 


140 


Part of a compendium of the laws of Sabbath, which seems to be 
in the same style as the Halakot Pesukot. It follows the arrangement 
of the Talmud, but not as closely as Al-Fasi. 

These two leaves cover the following parts of tractate Shabbat: 
Fol. 1=62a (amn by ww nyav) to 66b (bun vax by oynyi > wy pa 
myiy7). 


Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 75 


Fol. 2=73a (3p79...711) to 74b (NAN Tay INO ONT). This is 
followed by a long explanation. 

Two parchment leaves, damaged, forming the outer sheet of a 
fascicle. Size 725% ins. (=19.7X14.9 cm.). Number of lines ranges 
from twenty-six to twenty-nine to a page. Square character with a 


slight tendency to cursiveness. [U. P.] 


14] 


Probably part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on the laws of 
Terefah. 

The author explains the various accidents which render an animal 
unfit for consumption, and enumerates the eighteen cases mentioned 
in Hullin 3.1. He states that he previously explained the principle 
underlying the laws of that Mishnah (77DaN NIOTP AP bxxdx NIND, 
verso, 1.2). 

One paper leaf measuring 43; 5}% ins. (=10.6X14.4 cm.). 
There are eleven lines to a page. Square character with a slight ten- 


dency to cursiveness. [U. P.] 


142 


Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on the laws of property. 


The author discusses the selling of cattle, as well as the rights of a 


married woman to sell her property. 


Hefes b. Yasliah, Samuel b. Hofni, Hai may be mentioned as 
the probable authors of this code. 


A piece of parchment, badly damaged, measuring’ 53 X5z% ins. 
(=14 X14cm.). About nineteen lines toa page have been preserved. 


Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


143 


Part of Jur Yoreh De‘ah by Jacob b. Asher. Hilkot Kert‘ah. 

Recto begins with now o5n (340.5), and verso ends with o0”2977 
oy owsy 55 and (340.18). 

This fragment belongs to the same codex as No. 144. 

One parchment leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 775 X. 
Sg ins. (=19.214.6 cm.). Twenty-eight lines have been preserved 
to a page, but the lower part is torn off. Cursive rabbinic character. 


[Amram.] 


70 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


144 


Part of Tur Yoreh De‘ah by Jacob b. Asher. Hulkot Keburah. 

Recto begins with 0°27 ANY IN My (356), and verso ends with 
361. 

This fragment belongs to the same codex as No. 143. 


One parchment leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 8 X5+§ 


ins. (=20X.314.4 cm.). About twenty-eight lines have been pre- 


served to a page. Cursive rabbinic character. [Amram.] 


145 


Brief extracts from Shulhan ‘Aruk, Orah Hayyim, Hilkot Keri’at 
Shema'‘. 

It is headed yow myynp ors, and has omy by om yd yams, 
and many other short sentences. The last line is pu~d yownd Niaals 
YODA NX 71. 


One paper leaf, measuring 63 <4 ins. (=16.8X10.1cm.). Recto 
has fifteen lines, while verso is blank. Modern Ashkenazic cursive 


character, except the heading which is in a bold square hand. [Amram.] 


146 


Part of a commentary on Shulhan ‘Aruk, Orah Hayyim. 


Fol. 1 deals with paragraphs 307, 308. Some leaves are missing 
between fol. 1b and 2a. Fol. 2 contains notes on paragraphs 282- 
284. The appearance of the fragment does not allow the changing of the 


order of the leaves. 


Two paper leaves, badly torn and faded, forming the outer sheet 
ofafascicle. Size 63x44 ins. (=16.8x11.4cm.). There are eighteen 


lines to a page. Italian character. [Amram.] 


147 


It seems to be part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, dealing with 


the prohibitions against robbery and oppression. 


Recto and the first part of verso treat of the laws of inheritance, 
and it is assumed that Phinehas inherited his sepulchre from his wife. 
This is, however, a digression, as the author remarks: by hyd yu 
o>xvnds t27: ‘Let us return now to the treatment of wrongs.’ Men- 
tion is made of ‘29 ‘Dr wands: DD. 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 


“I 
Sai 


One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 8x52 ins. (=20.3 
14.6cm.). There are fourteen lines toa page. Square character with 


a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.| 


148 


Recto is part of a table of contents of an unknown code in Jewish- 
Arabic. This book had at least twenty-two chapters. This page 
begins with the mention of the seventh chapter, and the words axabsx 
a’a5x are legible towards the end. Chapter 7 dealt with silver... 
light; chapter 11 with milk and cheese; chapter 13 with a man’s wife; 
chapter 17 with prayer; chapter 18 with writing; chapter 19 with build- 


ing; chapter 20 with women.. . heirs. 


Verso seems to be the preface of the book; it begins with a quota- 
tion from Ben Sira m>>x ‘mo [x]0 jax bxp. 


One paper leaf, badly damaged and torn, measuring 83 x43 ins. 
(=20.61cm.). There must have been more than twenty lines to 
a page. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. 


{Amram.] 


149 


Part of a code, in Jewish-Arabic, treating of the laws of the scrip- 
tural readings and the ritual of the festivals. This fragment deals 
with Tabernacles and Hanukkah. 


One paper leaf, measuring 724 ins. (=18.710.1cm.). There 
are seventeen lines to a page. Square character with a strong tenden- 


cy to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


150 


Part of a code,in Jewish-Arabic, on Jewish ritual. This seems 
to be the beginning of the code, as recto had been blank, but later some 
one wrote down in bold square character: o>iya mvinnon rwE 
o'wspnon. Verso which has twelve lines is headed nopbs md°> pinp, 
and the writer proceeds to give the laws when the Seder occurs on 
Friday night. The first portion of the Kiddush is quoted. 


One paper leaf, measuring 63 «43 ins. (=17.111.7cm.). Square 


character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


78 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


15] 


Part of a code, in Jewish Arabic, on Jewish ritual. 

Recto contains laws concerning the various prayers, some of which 
are quoted in full. Then follows a chapter headed oxyods mean 
(the ritual obligations in connection with food). Verso ends with the 
beginning of Grace after Meal, which was probably given at full length. 
The Hebrew quotations are vocalized, though not quite accurately. 
These prayers offer many important variants. 

Is it part of Sa‘adya’s Siddur? 

One parchment leaf, measuring 534% ins. (=14 10.4 cm.). 
Recto has seventeen lines, while verso has eighteen. Square character. 


[Amram. } 


152 


Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, giving detailed directions for 
the performance of marriage and betrothal ceremonies. The blessings 
as well as the Ketubah seem to have been given in full. 

Recto begins with the latter part of the Ketubah (yp ppp pa 
Subym0 par), which is followed by xox) perpp>s apy aninds sq 
DON JN ...1DD78 JO N[DIND NOD IS IND [pow NII wn. 

It is to be noted that, as is usual in this kind of literature, an Nn 
stands for 77D. 

One paper leaf, slightly torn and faded, measuring 73 54% ins. 
(=18.7x13cm.). Number of lines ranges from seventeen to eighteen 


toa page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram. | 


153 


Digressive discussions, in Jewish-Arabic, of talmudic subjects. 

Recto deals with the apostasy of Flisha b. Abuyah, and various 
opinions from rabbinic literature are quoted. The author gives his 
sources (as many) adi> pap naa TIodndy -»y TIM). He then deviates 
from his subject, and explains the initials Awp ID. 

One paper leaf, measuring 93 <6 ins. (=23.115.2 cm.)., Num- 
ber of lines to a page is twenty-two. Oriental cursive character. 
(URI 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 79 


154 
A lengthy discourse on the talmudic principle of Bererah. The 
writer discusses the principle from all points of view, and cites many 
talmudic passages, as well as ONIN °N37 (verso, column 2, |. 14) 
and oyna sm 7229 ‘din (bzd., 1. 15). 
One paper leaf, measuring 124 * 83 ins. (=31.121.6cm.). There 
are two columns to a page, each column having thirty-three lines. 


Italian cu-sive character. [Amram.] 


155 


Part of a gaonic responsum on calendation. It is identical with 
responsum 1 ascribed to R. Hai in O'gI7 Mawn, ed. Lyck, 1864. 


Our fragment begins with mwn nx pyapy no op) qoInD NIA On 
wand nx (Lyck, p. 4, 1. 17). and ends with 035 iaw ond mor 95 ‘37 
bara qiwoa ano osband (ibid., p. 6, 1. 3). 

On the whole our fragment agrees essentially with the printed 
text. There are, however, a few variants which are mostly scribal 
errors either in this fragment or in the manuscript used for that edi- 
tion. Instead of 4-1x> maw nay ors) (Lyck, p. 4, 1. 20) this frag- 
ment has '13) 1)120w which is obviously a scribal error. On the other 
hand, our fragment offers a better reading for MN DNAIN WDM 7D 
Syw’ (Lyck, p. 7, 1. 4), as it has wn. The spelling paxp of our frag- 
ment is preferable to NaNp of the printed edition, p. 7, 1. 3. See also 
ibid., note 4, p. 8d. The following variant is interesting. The print- 
ed text, p. 7, |. 16, has myiaw pyrso PR) Own prow pipad, and our 
fragment adds O”D D7 1D. 

Some words of our fragment are provided with Tiberian vowels, 
but the vocalization is not always correct; thus ]?2?. 

Eight paper leaves, measuring 74534 ins. (=20 14.4 cm). 
Number of lines on each page ranges from fifteen to sixteen. Orien- 
tal square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. These 


eight leaves form a fascicle and are fastened together by a string. 
[Adler. | 


156 


Part of a collection of responsa by R. Hai Gaon. 


Fol. ta is almost entirely faded, but the names ,ATNI7 13 Myw 
JNIDY 73.473, Ww 73 wy are still visible. This page seems to have 


80 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


had two short responsa. It has a complete responsum, dealing with 
the question whether locusts belong to the class of forbidden food, 
and the beginning of another. Some leaves are missing between fol. 


1b and 2a. Fol. 2 contains the greater part of two responsa. 
Published by L. Ginzberg, Geonica, II, pp. 43-47. 


Two paper leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, badly 
damaged and faded. Size 757 ins. (=17.8 13.5. cm.). . Num- 


ber of lines ranges from eighteen to twenty to a page. [Amram.] 


[57 


Part of the collection of responsa known as 0°9w7 79 "Iw by Jacob 


ha-Levi of Corbeil or Marvége. 


Each responsum has the question, which begins ’nbxw ayn, and 
the answer beginning 1>w~m. All the responsa are marked by let- 
ters of the alphabet on the margin. From these letters we infer that 
there was a much larger collection than the one given at the end of the 
Leghorn edition of r"a777 nw (1818). For the latter contains only 
ninety-six responsa, while this fragment has a responsum numbered 406 
(see also below, No. 158). 


Fol. la begins with the last few lines of responsum 360 (=49 of 
printed edition); responsum 361 (=7bid., 2) deals with the benedic- 
tion on the phylacteries. | The question is whether the law is accord- 
ing to Al-Fasi or the Geonim. The reply is torn off. Fol. 1b 
has the end of responsum 364 (=7bid., 51). Responsum 365 (= 
tbid., 39) is about those who eat during the interval between the af- 
ternoon and evening prayers. Is it a sin, as is the opinion of R. Jacob, 
or not? The reply is torn off. Some leaves are missing between fol. 
tb and 2a. The latter has the end of responsum 403. The writer 
remarks that when the answer reached them they rejoiced greatly. 
Responsum 404 deals with the ablution on the Day of Atonement. 
Responsum 405 is about the reason why it is necessary to blow n’7wn 
on the shofar at the termination of the Day of Atonement. Fol. 2b 
continues this question, and responsum 406 deals with the blowing 
of the shofar at the conclusion of the prayers on New Year. The 


manuscript breaks off in the middle of the answer. 


Although the writing material is different, this fragment seems to 
belong to the same codex as No. 158. 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 81 


I am indebted to Prof. Louis Ginzberg for drawing my atten- 


tion to the printed edition. 


One and a half paper leaves, badly mutilated, forming the outer 
sheet of a fascicle. Size 103373 ins. (=27.420 cm.). Number 
of lines to a page of fol. 1, of which only a half has been preserved, 
is ten, while fol. 2 has twenty-three lines to a page. Square charac- 


ter with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Adler.] 


158 


Part of the collection of responsa known as 0°9w7 19 N"w by Jacob 


ha-Levi of Corbeil or Marvége. 


All responsa are marked by letters of the alphabet. 


Recto begins with the last few lines of responsum 414 (=Leg- 
horn edition, 62), which deals with the question whether it is neces- 
sary to take out the lungs of a slaughtered animal in order to exam- 
ine them. Responsum 415 (=7bid., 60) deals with the statement of 
the Talmud 77207 sim (Hullin 48a). The question is whether the 
perforated lung has to be grown together with the flesh or bone. The 
answer is indirect, but the writer concludes that if the lung is not grown 
together with the flesh, the meat is unfit. Responsum 416 (=zdzd. 
21) is about a certain mode of plucking the feathers and the salting 
of poultry. Responsum 417 (=7b7d., 19) deals with the custom to 
read the Shema‘ of the evening prayer before the stars appear. Verso 
continues this question. Responsum 418 (=zbid., 23) is about the 
question whether it is permitted to recite the Thirteen Attributes dur- 
ing the Ten Days of Penitence, if less than ten men are present. The 
decision is against it. Responsum 419 (=7d7d., 25) deals with the 
question whether it is appropriate to read the Kiddush and Hab- 
dalah in synagogue, for in some places it is customary not to do so. 
The fragment breaks off in the middle of the answer which is in the 
affirmative. 


This fragment, despite the different writing material, seems to 
belong to the same codex as No. 157. Judging from the numbers, 


it is evident that not many leaves are missing between Nos. 157 and 158. 


One parchment leaf, badly damaged, measuring 10437 ins. 
(=27.420cm.). Number of lines to a page is twenty-two. Square 
character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Adler.] 


82 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


159 


Recto has an inquiry, in Jewish-Arabic, addressed to Abraham, 
together with his autograph responsum. He signs his name Abraham 
b. Moses, and he is undoubtedly Abraham the son of Maimonides, 
and the entire document is apparently an autograph. The inquiry 
consists of twenty-six lines, while the reply is written on the left-hand 
margin and has six lines. The inquiry is divided into three parts, 
the first and third of which end with mown yo diw> 2K Wat Aq, 
while the second reads ox 51DD 19D%1...The second has the mistake 
wan. Reuben has a wife who owns half of a dwelling valued at six 
dinars; he pledged the dwelling to a creditor whom he owed eight 
dinars, and died. Should the widow pay the debt? If Reuben owned 
the other half of the same dwelling, and bequeathed it to some of his 
children, should the debt be paid from the half belonging to the widow, 
or from that belonging to the orphans? Should the laws of inheri- 
tance apply to the other children (the bequest having been made by 
the laws of the Gentiles) ? 


Verso was then used for copying down some poems. It has two 
columns, and number of lines to a column ranges from twenty-eight 


to thirty. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. 
Column 1 seems to be headed ‘pm ‘p[wal. 


1 (col. 1, |. 1). A dirge, probably by Moses ibn Ezra or Ibn 
Gebirol, rhyming in ?3-. The first line reads ban °ammn mp -A¥n nD 
ban nom qanpa °> pro. The meter is Kamil. 


2 (col. 2,1. 1). A short poem, rhyming in tds The first line 
seems to be [dn] Sp ON TY 137 INO WIM Ny (Wertheimer; 
ond) ornwr rd por, p. 6a, where there are errors). The meter 
is Kamil. 

3 (ibid., 1. 6). A poem by Judah ha-Levi beginning 12 Mp’ 
(Harkavy’s edition, vol. I, p. 7; Brody’s edition, vol. II, p. 167). 


4 (ibid., 1. 16). A poem by Abraham ibn Ezra headed “ns 
b’r Sty Ja O7aND, and beginning wa) mnbv> ombxd = (Rosin’s edi- 
tion, vol. II, No. 17; see also Egers’ edition, p. 187). The page ends 
with mdxda 53 atm 755 sonbs Spo. 


One paper leaf, damaged and faded, measuring 10377 ins. 
(=27.6 20 cm.). [Sulzberger.] 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 83 


160 


A table of contents, in Jewish-Arabic, of a volume of various 
responsa. The first three lines of recto read: ND Sxop Wp mn 
_. myo yo a> oa amo...) 37 yo DRXDD AI NMdw.. 5. 
Twelve responsa by R. Nissim seem to be enumerated. Then fol- 
lows prioxde) mpinds pb own? yo by: Sap jo DRDO TAIN NLR PD, 
and five more responsa are mentioned. The writing on verso is in 
the opposite direction, and gives headings of twenty-three subjects 
treated at full length in the responsa. The sources from which the 
statements of the headings are excerpted are given on the right-hand 
margin. Thus opposite mobn WPS PAW. . ONIDY Sy win ip) is 
marked Nyx a’D. (the number 3"5 refers to the responsum). The 


ends of the lines are torn off. 
This fragment belongs to the same codex as No. 1061. 


Two pieces of paper, torn and badly damaged, belonging to 
one leaf. When pieced together, they measure 95% ins. (=22.8x 
13 cm.). There must have been more than twenty-three lines to a 


page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


16 


Part of a collection of responsa. 


Recto is in Hebrew, in square character with a tendency to cur- 
siveness. L. 13 has the superscription: DY ja a7 7"09 min 3a>N 
OND(?), and it deals with the laws of partnership. 


On the margin are given the references to talmudic passages, 
and the peculiar spelling 701w and );nDD may be mentioned. Verso 
is in a Spanish cursive hand, and is written in the opposite direction. 
It is in Jewish-Arabic, and contains the end of a responsum which 
probably dealt with the laws of buying something from a Gentile before 
Passover. This is followed by a responsum treating of the case of a 


man who sold his dwelling. 

This fragment belongs to the same codex as No. 160. 

A piece of paper, damaged on all sides, and it is impossible to 
determine its original length. Its present size is 575 «53% ins. (=12. 


913.2 cm.). Fifteen lines have been preserved on each side. 
[Amram ] 


84 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


162 


A responsum by Joseph b. Moses of Trani on Jesus. It is headed 
Gen ono yp 00 mabrousnw mw 7am. °"D mawn mbxwsa x'n2 
yow oan edna ox ja wD SxwtoNm. This responsum, which 
could not be traced in the printed edition of Trani’s responsa, ends 
on fol. 2b, 1. 4 (the rest of the page being blank) with ‘al pom ‘ba 
sold ein Joon or ows s"yan ods 9 my tw and amp jy yen 
man pad "D3 my, 


Four paper leaves, the last two of which are blank, forming the 
end of a book. Size 745; ins. (=18.3%13.4 cm.). There are 
about twenty-two lines to a page, apart from marginal notes. Italian 
cursive character. The first word in every paragraph is in square 


hand. [Amram.] 


163 


Part of a discourse or repsonsum, in Jewish-Arabic, concerning 


the laws of sacrifices and ritual cleanness. 

The writer quotes, apart from talmudic authorities, the "wi7’D 
O’INIT. 

One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 9} 7} ins. (=23.5 
18.1 cm.). There are twenty lines to a page. Square character 


with a distinct tendency to cursiveness.. [Amram.| 


164 


Part of a responsum, in Hebrew, concerning the laws of Passover. 
A piece of paper, badly damaged, the upper part being entirely 
torn off. Size 5482 ins. (=13 2275 cm:;). On recto éleven lines 
have been preserved, though not allarelegible. Versoisblank. Square 


character. [Amram.] 


165 


A lengthy responsum, in Hebrew, concerning the laws of usury, 

Fol. 2b seems to have the writer’s signature, which is, however, 
illegible. 

Two paper leaves, measuring 836% ins. (=22.216.8 cm.). 
There are thirty-six lines to a page, except fol. 2b which has only six- 
teen, the rest of the page being blank. Late cursive character. 


(Amram. 


TALMUD, MIDRASH, AND HALAKAH 85 


166 


Part of collection of talmudic discourses, in Hebrew, probably 
belonging to the end of the eighteenth or beginning of the nine- 
teenth century. One discourse ends on middle of fol. 1b. 2a begins 
with a discourse on M1015 md) nanan 4px (Yoma 88a): although 
fol. 2b is blank, this discourse does not end on 2a. 

Two paper leaves, measuring 846% ins. (=20.9x17.4 cm.). 
Number of lines ranges from thirty-nine to forty-three to a page. 
Fol. 1b has only twenty-three lines, the lower part being blank; 2b 


is blank. Cursive European character. [Amram.] 


It] 


EIRURGN 


167 


Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on prayer. The author 
speaks of the great merit of praying together with the community, which 
is more acceptable than private prayer. The first lines of fol. la read: 
asnn ayov>s ywo xdiapo 457 ys2 jommbsx maon-p yobs aNd Nd Is 
nn onds i912 mbnpoa p> onra. 


The various rules for prayer are called 01, as on fol. 2a the words 
by yawhy are still legible. See No. 170. 


As Sa‘adya’s Siddur is still unpublished, I have no means of as- 
certaining whether this fragment or any of the following formed part 
of that work. 


One and a half paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, measuring 
6254 ins. (=17.113 cm.). Number of lines ranges from seventeen 
to eighteen to a page. Square character with a distinct tendency to 


cursiveness. [Amram.]| 


168 


Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on prayer. This leaf has the 
end of the introduction and the beginning of the book proper. The 
author, who writes in a clear and fluent style, tells us that his aim is 
to give the laws of prayer, and that it is necessary first to state the 
number of prayers before prescribing their appropriate time (S)]7¥P JSD) 
NTINTYR T9732 "Ins ys arp mbxbx npp op ondoidbs xian Nyannd °D 
an(an}>xa Sos msSp NATONphE Sap). 


He quotes extensively from rabbinic literature. 


One parchment leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 84 6,3; ins. 
(=21.6X15.7 cm.). There are twenty-two lines to a page. Clear 


square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.| 


86 


LITURGY 87 


169 


Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on prayer. The author gives 
the various laws (*|x), literally description) to be observed in connection 
with the prayers. 

Fol. la begins with the end of the twentieth law, and fol. 1b ends 
with the beginning of the twenty-fourth. Some leaves are missing 
between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter begins with the thirty-second law, 
and 2b ends with the thirty fifth. 

The author gives each law in Arabic, and then quotes the talmudic 
authority for it. The following example may be given: 'NON FANN, 
mnoxds op Some motp Ay ys oNds55 onp ate yNoINdS oY Js 31 
mw San oda aw pdban paw pas SSpnnn “dipd. 

The writer refers also to the third volume of this book (Q7pn 
nim siaxnd yo "25s dspbs op n> sirmw), which indicates that the 
treatise was divided into volumes. It may be part of Hefes b. Yasliah’s 
Book of Precepts. The manner of treatment and style accord with 
those of Hefes. 

Two paper leaves, slightly damaged, forming the outer leaves of 
a fascicle. Size 533,38 ins. (=13.29.2 cm.). Number of lines 
ranges from thirteen to fourteen to a page. Square character with a 


distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.| 


170 


Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on prayer. 

Recto begins with the end of a chapter on prayer in general, and 
after the third line of verso there is the heading ayn nbpn °p oxp. 
The first few lines of this chapter read: papno>s byp>s °D NINDIT AD 
nbpna yn> xo Ssp>x gan °D °pInd) yx ay: > Taxm nbpna poym xon 
[nox oy Tax nbn ys Sipip eiprsn pa m_ Sipdsx azoxy Noo Tax 
by inven oxo a’an ps o'r ayawds mbp sibxp tir nbn yo OxDs 
oxo? xd) pa bs jn ‘w oan. See also No. 167. 

One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 9,3; X6;% ins. (=23.3 
16.6 cm.). There are nineteen lines to a page. Bold square character 


with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.]| 


171 


Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on the laws and ceremonies of 
the festivals, giving some of the prayers. 
Recto has the second half of a hymn for New Year to be chanted 


88 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHi1A 


when the shofar is sounded. This hymn seems to have consisted of 
twenty-three stanzas, each stanza having two lines without rhymes. 
After each stanza a biblical verse, containing an allusion to the shofar, 
is quoted. The stanzas are in alphabetic order, both lines of each 
stanza beginning with the same letter. This fragment begins with 
the second line of the 5 stanza. Verso begins with the second line of 
the n stanza, and the hymn ends in the middle of the page. This 
hymn seems to be very old, and probably dates from the time of 
Jose b. Jose, before rhymes had been introduced into liturgic poetry. 
Then follows the heading bxunbs yards yds, and the laws about 
Tabernacles are given in Arabic. 

Does it belong to Sa‘adya’s Siddur? 

One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 937 ins. (=25.1 
X17.8cm.). There are twenty-two lines toa page. Square character 


with a tendency to cursiveness. [U. P.] 


172 


Part of a prayer-book. 

Fol. 1a begins with mowin omdbx (Singer’s Prayer Book, p. 5), and 
fol. 1b ends with irmp7x¥ m0. Some leaves are missing between fol. 
ib and 2a. The latter begins with 25 mxbp2 ney Ssnw ondx, and 
2b ends with map »9 ian ny aa » Ian. 

There are some variants, as it has two additional paragraphs: 
mona -inow xbw, and tay now xbw; qoyo xds ody mown -unow xdw 
ONWw. 

Two parchment leaves, slightly damaged, forming the outer sheet 
of a fascicle. Size 54X33 ins. (=14%9.5 cm.). There are sixteen 
lines to a page. Bold square character. Fol. 1 was vocalized by a 


later hand. [Amram.] 


173 


Part of a prayer-book. 

Fol. 1a begins with 15 opi ivby snpaw stim drain qow aya 
Ta] ONY TAIT ms (Singer’s Prayer Book, p. 9). This prayer is 
followed by 7pxXv 4172 and 73D "7, and the page ends with nN 
329 » ona. Fol. 1b continues 1a, and ends with obiy> qow abbas 
ty). Fol. 2a continues 1b, and 2b ends with wm 7b yx Jobs 
mb5n. 

Some important variants. 


Two paper leaves, slightly damaged, forming the inner sheet of a 


LIEURGY 89 


fascicle. Size 54441 ins. (=14.4 10.4 cm.). Number of lines 
ranges from eighteen to nineteen to a page. Square character with 


a tendency to cursiveness. [Y. M. H. A.] 


174 

Part of a prayer-book. 

This fragment covers the first part of the morning service, and 
includes WPXY IIA and 117. The former prayer is much larger than 
in the usual rituals, and contains the entire alphabet after the re- 
petition of 7172, as well as other amplifications. 

It belongs to the same fascicle as No. 175. 

Two paper leaves, slightly damaged, forming the inner sheet of a 
fascicle. Size 52 %4,% ins. (=14.9x10.9 cm.). Number of lines 
ranges from seventeen to twenty. Square character with a distinct 


tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


175 

Part of a prayer-book. 

Recto begins with wien ba ban ion (Singer’s Prayer Book, p. 18). 
After >>y $1 comes *3nb9 9D "> Font. 

It belongs to the same fascicle as No. 174, of which it is a continu- 
ation. 

One paper leaf, damaged, measuring 534; ins. (=14.9 10.9 
cm.). There are eighteen lines to a page. Square character with a 


distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


176 

Part of a daily prayer-book. 

Recto begins with °” “ma °D Ti19y7 (Singer’s Prayer Book, p. 29), 
and verso ends with qn>wom onbiyn bs mobo qm. 

It is an inaccurate manuscript, and has such mistakes as wiv? 1) Ba) 
‘yw 15 ana apy °D, ind. 

One paper leaf, damaged and faded, measuring 473; ins. 
(=12.4 8.3 cm.). There are eleven lines to a page. Square character 


with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


177 


Part of a prayer-book, daily service. 
Fol. 1a begins with y-von b> nwa (Singer’s Prayer Book, p. 17), 


90 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS 1N PHILADELPHIA 


and 1b ends with 0°92 nx Dw (ibid., p. 30); some leaves are missing 
between fol. 1b and 2a; the latter begins with 057 by mb on[aw]p 
(ibid., p. 41), and 2b ends with am on by nyow aw opin o> diy DD, 
which follows x¥p mwry (ibid., 43), but is missing in our liturgy. 
Two parchment leaves, badly damaged, forming the outer sheet 
of a fascicle. Size 94 63 ins. (=23.1X 16.8 cm.). There are twenty- 
four lines to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. 


[Sulzberger. ] 
178 
Part of a prayer-book. 


Recto begins with manNa qnn Nodn (737 TANK), and ends with 
Ip oN. Verso continues recto, and ends with o»m o>w1. 

It probably belongs to the Palestinian liturgy. 

Some one scribbled the alphabet on the margin of verso. 

One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 5234 ins. (=13.7 
x 8.8 cm.). There are twelve lines to a page. Square character with 
a tendency to cursiveness. Vocalized in a system slightly different 


from the Tiberian, >sometimes standing for [or [. [Amram.] 


179 

Part of a daily prayer-book. 

Recto begins with 1287p OV 11y °”? NIX (Singer’s Prayer Book, p. 
61); verso ends with the prayer 7 Mm5n. 

Many important variants. Thus it reverses the order of the 
synonyms, and reads 13°Dn a payer 0 ao It has the paitanic 
spelling 191 instead of 1x). It omits from ny wnDwn bx to aw, and 
inserts some words after 1]NWNw ADI. 

One parchment leaf, measuring 4342 ins. (=11.7 10.4 cm.). 
There are ten lines toa page. Bold square character with vowel-points. 


[Amram.] 


180 


Part of a prayer-book for Friday night with directions in Jewish- 
Arabic. 

Fol. 1a begins with ob> inp (Singer’s Prayer Book, p. 113d). 
Some leaves are missimg between fol. 1b and 2a. The last three lines 
of fol. 2a and the whole of 2b have the first portion of pp’>an ma. 

Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, forming the outer 
sheet of a fascicle. Size 55% 33 ins. (=14.1)<9.5 cm.). Number of 
lines ranges from twelve to thirteen to a page. Large square character. 


The greater part is vocalized. [Amram.] 


LITURGY 91 


18] 


Part of the service for Sabbath night. It is entirely different 
from our liturgy, and is a curious mixture of passages of the ordinary 
prayer-book with paitanic snatches. It probably belongs to a very 
old ritual. This fascicle covers from oO)n7 sim to the middle of the 
prayer beginning JNyiw'a ANowN AYP 47 7AONA 723w) which corresponds 
to Dvr. 

Four paper leaves, forming a small fascicle. Size 7352 ins. 
(=19.7 14.3 cm.). Number of lines ranges from nine to twelve to a 
page. Large square character written with a thick reed. There are 
some sporadic vowel-points, which are not very accurate. [Amram.] 


182 


Part of a prayer-book with directions in Arabic. 

Fol. 1a begins with 123 ‘7? of the Ma‘arib prayer odiy> >” F172. 
Fol. 1b has 123°) 187” which is shorter than that in any of the Oriental 
prayerbooks I consulted. Then follows this note: bn Mwy mw xt, 
Seon as ods nan onaw "1 ANTION ANdS. Then comes, in the middle 
of the line, the heading nawbs mbx which begins with Psalm 121. 
Some leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. The latter begins with 
Jy1 ma (Deuteronomy 5.18). The biblical passage continues till the 
end of verse 19. Then comes the note now3 bip On, and that prayer 
(now) is printed in full, and is continued till the end of 2b. That 
page ends with qisv maady do. 

Two parchment leaves, measuring 63X54 ins. (=17.4X14 cm.). 
The number of lines on each page ranges from seventeen to nineteen. 
Square character. The lower part of the fragment is badly damaged, 
and the ink has corroded the parchment. [Friedenwald.] 


183 


Last leaf of a prayer-book with copious notes in Arabic. 

Recto has the last page of the prayer-book. The 117°D was evi- 
dently arranged or copied by Ephraim b.Shemariah. Line 5, seg., has the 
following note: wor manw a2 on pRN> Amp yomds pya apobs dns 
yay 22 bdr ay Ado mya yor aonb) owd now wopen ma pad 
M7 WIDY INIPD) Ty Mwy Tom on orn mw 7b wep FD (some 
of the Hebrew words have superlinear vowels). 

On the blank spaces somebody wrote down °°: -m3py POF AT 
sy> nop my. 


92 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


Verso evidently has some names of owners. The first line is m7 
3"105 avon. The names are not quite legible and seem to be non- 
Hebraic. At the bottom of the page there are sentences of the prayer 
oom on Dy. 

One parchment leaf, measuring 54X64 ins. (=13X15.5 cm.). 


Square character. [Adler.] 


134 


Part of a prayer-book with directions in Jewish-Arabic. 

Recto begins with awKx7 my 15 rDIn bx (Singer’s Prayer Book, 
p. 65). This prayer is amplified, covering the entire page and having 
numerous additions, as NDINTIpy nina. At the end of the page there 
is wap y"w bipy. Verso has orm NIM, followed by “wx, and ends with 
Jon an. 

One paper leaf, badly damaged, measuring 625 ins. (=16.8 
12.8 cm.). There are sixteen lines to a page. Bold square character, 


with vowel-points. [Amram.] 


185 


Part of a prayer-book with directions in Jewish-Arabic. 

Recto begins with the middle of the Kaddish. The note tells us 
what the reader and the congregation are to say. This prayer-book 
seems to be a copy of one that had been written during the ninth cen- 
tury, when some of the Siddurim were compiled (Siddur R. Amram). 
Sar Shalom (Ssnw $5 nvda wen Sytin wwin ody aw) is mentioned. It 
must have been customary to mention the Gaon or exilarch in the 
Kaddish, just as we now make mention of the royal family or the 
government in a special prayer. Comp. also Nathan ha-Babli’s report. 
(See Neubauer, Medieval Jewish Chronicles, vol. II, p. 84.) Is this 
Sar Shalom of the ninth century or of the twelfth or thirteenth? See 
Poznanski, Babylonische Geonim im nachgaondischen Zeitalter, pp. 46, 
72, 102, 103, 124, 131. The last reference actually has the title win 
Dim, the bearer of which is a Karaite. 

One paper leaf, measuring 63 X47 ins. (=17.112.4 cm.). There 
are fifteen lines to a page. Large square character with a slight tend- 


ency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


186 


Title-page of a prayer-book with an introduction and notes in 
Jewish-Arabic. The body of the book, five fragmentary lines of which 


LITURGY 93 


have been preserved, is in Spanish cursive character, while the title is 
in a bold square hand. 
Recto has the Hebrew title: 717d. This page also has five lines of 
a poem concerning prayers, beginning m>’pnq iste ada tow. It 
may have been part of the title-page; but the fact that some words are 
repeated and that the size of the letters in the various lines is unequal 
would lead to the conclusion that this poem was added later by a man 
who wanted to utilize the blank portion of the page. Toward the end 
of the page there is AwnDA jn) 112 moby ‘7 ....which is obviously 
part of the poem. Was this the copyist, the compiler, or the owner? 
The margin was used by some later hand to test a pen (adp m7271n). 
Verso contains the Arabic title which is in bold square character. 
mobs oSy Some anno 
maxonos) aoxtbs mawds 
yo o> on ons panpds 
TIN? 
This is followed by the introduction which begins 195 spnbx 
nrods [yn cb]y monde pobsxa mw yroinds: yn poo ote. 
A piece of paper, torn and faded, measuring 7X51 ins. (=17.8 
X13.3 cm.). [Amram.] 


187 


It seems to be the title-page of a prayer-book. In bold square 
character the following inscription is still legible: Shei ja non mayod 
ode 13 nip or ondxn nom. Around it is illegible writing in a 
cursive hand. The other side must have had the beginning of the 
book, which was in a nice square character with vowel-points. 

The scribe probably copied the book specially for this gentleman. 

One paper leaf, the writing of which is almost entirely obliterated. 
Size 62 X43 ins. (=16.112 cm.). [Amram.] 


188 
Part of a prayer-book. 
This fragment belongs to the same codex as No. 189. 
A piece of paper, badly torn and faded, measuring 43 X2# ins. 
(=12X6.3 cm.). Ten lines have been preserved to a page. Bold 


square character. [Amram.] 


189 
Part of a prayer-book. 


This fragment belongs to the same codex as No. 188. 


904 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


A piece of paper, badly torn and faded, measuring 53 3} ins. 
(=14.9 8.2 cm.). Fourteen lines have been preserved to a page. 


Bold square character. [Amram.] 


190° 


It may be part of a prayer-book with directions in Jewish-Arabic, 
or it may have formed part of a preface to a book. 

One paper leaf, damaged and faded, measuring 52 32 ins. (=13.7 
8.5 cm.). There are twelve lines to a page. Square character with 
a tendency to cursiveness. Some words are vocalized in the Tiberian 


system. [Amram.] 


191 


Recto has the greater part of obdiy }}1%, showing on the right and 
left margins how the various lines of this hymn correspond to the Ten 
Commandments and to the Ten Sefirot, This part is in beautiful square 
character. This is followed by five lines, in a modern Ashkenazic 
cursive hand, dealing with kabbalistic calculations. In the opposite 
direction on the same side are eight lines, also in a modern Ashkenazic 
hand, treating of the grammatical rules about vocalization. Verso 
has thirty lines, in the same hand, explaining the various classes of 
nouns. 

This fragment seems to belong to the beginning of the nineteenth 
century. 

A piece of paper, measuring 74% ins. (=18.5X10.9 cm.). 
[Amram.] 


192 


Portion of Grace after Meal with directions in Jewish-Arabic. 

Recto is headed binbd yin n[aqa, followed by town nb oxw 4722. 
Verso ends with o27201 45 ot 1X. The following vocalization is 
interesting: “DM... .7b°'n nd. 

One paper leaf, damaged, measuring 534533 ins. (=13.8X9.2 
cm.). There are eleven lines to a page. Large square character, 


with sporadic vowel-points. [Amram.] 


193 


A prayer probably to be inserted in the Grace after a wedding or 
circumcision banquet. Each line begins with yonnn, and the root of 
the following word is in alphabetic order. All the lines rhyme in 1). 
The first line is prox ow SX PID VN OM. The v and ° lines had 


LITURGY 95 


been omitted, but the first was restored on the margin. Fol. la ends 
with the y line. Fol. 2a continues la, and ends with the w line. The 
n line is missing. 

Two paper leaves, slightly damaged, measuring 645 ins. (=16.4 
12.7 cm.). Fol. la has fourteen lines, besides one on the right 
margin; 1b is blank; 2a has five lines written lengthwise; 2b is blank. 


Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


194 


Part of a piyyut for Grace after meal, based on the names of the 
Sidras and interwoven with the names of the months and constellations. 
Two paper leaves, slightly damaged, forming the inner sheet of a 
fascicle. Size 4333 ins. (=12X8.2 cm.). There are fourteen lines 
to a page. Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. 


[Amram.] 


195 

Part of a prayer-book. 

Recto begins with 7555 yw 11019 }” (Singer’s Prayer Book, p. 
223) in the Eighteen Benedictions for New Moon, and the prayer is 
continued till owtn wen Ssaw wtp, which ends on verso. 

There are some important variants, as the insertion of Iw Nn 
won wNt oy mi qpd> oma yor pow mo pom ana maw iydy 
wnmr ad wen mde wmoas $55 [Aho pp mim after py noenod. 

Some words are vocalized. 

One paper leaf, damaged, measuring 9; X55 ins. (=19.2 X13.8 
cm.). Recto has fourteen lines, while verso has only three, the rest 
of the page being blank. Bold square character with a slight tendency 
to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


196 


Last leaf of a prayer-book, with copious directions in Hebrew. 

Recto contains the last six lines, in a bold square hand, of the 
prayer for sanctifying the moon. This is followed by a lengthy note 
of eight lines, in an Oriental cursive hand. Verso is blank. 

One paper leaf, damaged in the centre, measuring 64 4,3 ins. 
(=16.410.6 cm.). [Amram.] 


197 


Part of a prayer-book. 
This fragment covers part of the Eighteen Benedictions of the 


morning service for festivals. 


96 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, forming the outer 
sheet of a fascicle. Size 73;X4% ins. (=18.3%12.4 cm.). There are 
sixteen lines to a page. Square character with a slight tendency to 
cursiveness. [Amram.] 

198 

Part of a prayer-book. 

Recto begins with nossa qrayd 32> (Eighteen Benedictions for the 
festivals), and verso ends with Wy) °nbx. There are numerous important 
variants, especially in the latter prayer, as ONXY DN onawno boa 
aba S>ay 4a ma qobdwa qror am qodiya qo» am abs isbn 

soielaise 

Some words had been omitted, and were inserted by a later hand. 

One parchment leaf, beautifully preserved, measuring 635 X52 ins. 
(=16X13.7 cm.). There are fourteen lines to a page. Bold square 


character. [Amram.] 
199 


Part of a prayer-book for the, festivals. 

Recto begins with mxyon 1n on pws om mnow Dy WMNPS 
wmvn yor mm (Singer’s Prayer Book, p. 228), and ends with 7b). 
Verso begins with any ny boav 4a qpmxbe Syn oy ov boa wr 
4pm), and ends with $2) wp) AA7NIN. 

Some important variants. 

One paper leaf, measuring 6415, ins. (=15.6X13.1 cm.). 
There are thirteen lines to a page. Beautiful square character. 


[Yee elise 
200 


Part of a prayer-book for New Year, with copious instructions in 
Jewish-Arabic. 

Fol. 1a begins with iy, am a7 35, and the Eighteen Benedic- 
tions are followed by 119m 1rax, which ends on fol. 2a. Then come 
two long Arabic notes, in a small cursive hand, the second of which 
may be given here as a characteristic example: --+:717$ n¥nn bp) 
mbox ooe as by sta (!)abs nyxpds yo mobs obo atnxd bap xbi 
pray) Max nan wx ot nay mbwa axynsp on AD mbx xd AoW 
‘anon py xxi SSp>n0 win ras by xdos ydy obip iar xbw maxn 
poy wp ompobsx ry on. After this note is the heading ;Dw mbx 
mwnm ws. Fol. 2b ends with the paragraph snyd TAD jn jD5), the 
continuation of which seems to be a paragraph beginning ts), unless 


this word is ]&) and forms part of an Arabic note. 


LITURGY 97 


Two paper leaves, slightly damaged, measuring 83 <6} ins. (=22.2 
15.5 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twenty-two to twenty-four 
to a page. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. 


[Amram.] 


201 


It seems to be part of the service for New Year and the Day of 
Atonement after the prayer -}pn 73M). 

One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 5345 X34 ins. (=13.8 
8.8 cm.). There are ten lines to a page. Bold square character. 


[Amram.] 


202 


Part of a prayer-book for the Day of Atonement, with directions 
in Jewish-Arabic. 

Fol. 1a begins with q2Dd wx 729 15 onda (Singer’s Prayer 
Book, p. 262). The end of this prayer is followed by the heading 
FDI m>x. Fol. 1b ends with ornp nvnnd nx yoxn. Some leaves are 
missing between 1b and 2a. The latter begins with p> o>nKON 
amvn, and 2b ends with pry 7129 AND) pri qoo oy2 rat 5D pr. 

There are some variants as well as mistakes, as 129 p79) [PNW 
oyiar ody -pipd. 

Two paper leaves, damaged, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. 
Size 63 X5 ins. (=16.812.7 cm.). Number of lines ranges from fifteen 
to seventeen to a page. Square character with a slight tendency to 
cursiveness. Fol. la has been vocalized, probably by a later hand. 


[Amram.] 


203 


Part of a prayer for week-days and the Day of Atonement, with 
short directions in Jewish-Arabic. 

Fourteen paper leaves, most of which are badly damaged and 
mutilated, measuring 641 ins. (=15.410.9 cm.). When a page 
is complete it contains sixteen or seventeen lines. Oriental cursive 
writing. 

These leaves have been published by Romain Butin, of the Catholic 
University of America, in JOR., New Series, IX, 237-303, where a 
minute description of all details is given. The original of this fragment 
seems to have been lost, and only the photographs have been preserved. 
[Cobern.] 

204 


Part of a prayer-book for the Day of Atonement. 


98 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELTHIA 


The portion preserved is the second half of the Ne‘ilah prayer 
noaa7q ons. There are important variants. 

One paper leaf, badly damaged, measuring 43 X43 ins. (=12 X11 
cm.). Recto has eleven lines, but the leaf must have been considerably 
longer. Verso is blank. Bold square character. The entire page, 


except the last two lines, is vocalized. [Amram.] 


205 


Part of the service for the Day of the Atonement. 
Two paper leaves, the writing of which is almost entirely faded. 
Size 6,5; x44 ins. (=16X11.4 cm.). There seem to be about thirteen 


lines toa page. Square character written with a thick reed. [Amram.] 


206 


Part of a prayer-book for the Day of Atonement. It is different 
from the ritual known to us. 

Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. 

Two paper leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, slightly 
damaged. Size 73,43 ins. (=18.2X12.4 cm.). Number of lines 
ranges from fourteen to fifteen to a page. Square character; vocalized. 


TU Ps 
207 


Directions in Jewish-Arabic for the ritual of Hosha‘na Rabba and 
Shemini ‘Aseret. 

Shemini ‘Aseret is called "uxndx TPN, “because it is sy 2D San. 

One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 63 X45 ins. (=15.5 
11.2 cm.). There are sixteen lines to a page. Oriental square 


character with a tendency to cursiveness. [U. P.] 


208 


Part of a prayer-book with directions in Jewish-Arabic. This 
leaf is marked t"Dp. 

Recto has the end of the Book of Esther (9.32-10.3). The word 
ons (9.32), which had been omitted, was added on the margin. 
There are some masoretic notes. The orthography differs from that 
of our texts. Thus wens for wawny (10.1) and and for and (10.3). 
Verso is headed mb105x yrwn, and has Exodus 17.8-11, which is read 


on Purim. 


LITURGY 99 


One paper leaf, slightly faded, measuring 53% X32 ins. (=13.8 
9.5 cm.). There were about thirteen lines to a page. Bold square 


character with vowel-points and accents. [Amram.] 


209 


Part of a prayer-book for Passover, with directions, in Hebrew, 
for the precentor. Oriental rite. 

One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, the lower left-hand 
corner being torn off. Size 134101 ins. (=34.3X26 cm.). There 
are thirty lines two to a page. Square character with a tendency to 


cursiveness, ([Sulzberger.| 


210 


Part of a prayer-book for Passover, with directions in Jewish- 
Arabic. Oriental rite. 

Fol. 1 contains part of the Eighteen Benedictions for Musaf, while 
fol. 2 has directions for the counting of the ‘Omer on the first and the 
second nights. 

A narrow strip of parchment, making up two complete leaves, 
which formed the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 2433 ins. (=5.3 
8.5 cm.). Number of lines ranges from four to five to a page. 
(Sulzberger. | 


21 


Part of a prayer-book, including the Haggadah for Passover, 
probably belonging to an ancient Palestinian ritual. 

Fol. 1a contains the end of the benedictions after the reading of 
the Haftarah (from 129 53°) x12" to the conclusion). Fol. 1b is headed 
mop wiap, and followed by a number of benedictions. Then comes 
m1Nw] 7, consisting of three questions (fol. 4a). This codex contains 
the first part of the Seder service, including Grace after meal. There 
are very important deviations from the known rituals, and there is 
sufficient evidence to assume that this fragment is Palestinian, or at 
least it belonged to a community which followed the Palestinian ritual. 

Eleven paper leaves, measuring 5X33 ins. (=12.7X8.9 cm.). — 
Leaves 4-11 form one fascicle, while the first three leaves hang loosely. 
The first five leaves and the last two are faded, but the middle leaves 
have been beautifully preserved. The number of lines ranges from ten 
to fifteen. Oriental square character with a strong tendency to cur- 
siveness. 


100 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


Julius H. Greenstone edited this fragment in Zeitschrift fiir 
Hebrdische Bibliographie, XV (1911), pp. 122-123. See also V. 
Aptowitzer in R. EZ. J., LXIII (1912), pp. 124-128. [Amram.] 


le 


Part of the Haggadah for Passover. 

Fol. 1a begins with mary 4A aos ‘7 = 70x, and ends with 
pos NON) ONT TD WON Ni Wp on; fol. 1b continues 1a, and ends with 
(war omnax> apxw mp; fol. 2a continues 1b, and ends with °3) ‘3w 'pD 
wsy) 191 Sw byrw”; fol. 2b continues 2a, and ends with ns 
onpN) n& ods yown ‘wv ‘o> 1p. 

Some words are supplied with vowels which are not always correct, 
as for instance ]1p’pX. The orthography is not consistent. Thus 
we have oy and p31. 295 instead of *aDiDD is left uncorrected, 
though vowels are supplied. 

Two parchment leaves, measuring 646 ins. (=15.5X15.2 cm.). 
Fol. 1 has fifteen lines on each page, while fol. 2 has fourteen lines on 
each page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. 
[Adler. ] 


213 


Part of the Haggadah for Passover. 

Fol. 1a begins with m92nn) man and ends with xb 4Rbn op by bd 
Ta by: fol. 1b continues 1a, and ends with wy bs ow ‘npn; fol. 
2a continues 1b, and ends with wanw m0) nn bow p10 ADIN ry 
witpn; fol. 2b continues 2a till it reaches jm) 891 OF MND2 NS nT bs 
77 O00 m8 129. Then follows a midrashic passage beginning with 
D'S VY Yd OYA IN OS Nl >) "SW 0190 OS 5 yNIW 773751. This passage 
combines Mekilta Bo (p. 18a, Weiss’ edition) and Berakot 9b aoxy 
OX Mk). 

On the margins somebody scribbled the Hebrew alphabet and some 
disconnected words. 

Two parchment leaves, measuring 8; %5;5 ins. (=20.413.5 
cm.). Number of lines on each page is twenty. Square character. 
[Adler.] 


214 


Part of the Passover Haggadah of some Oriental ritual. 
Fol. la begins with 73y ms, and ib ends with oAaNn; fol. 2a 
continues 1b, and 2b ends with Jmy 727. 


LITURGY 101 


There is a tendency in this fragment to write words plene, as 
my. 

Two paper leaves, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle, measuring 
54X33 ins. (=13X9.9 cm.). There are eleven lines to a page. 


Square character; vocalized. [Sulzberger.] 


215 


Part of the Passover Haggadah. 

Fol. 1a begins with axa by N17-172 DIpaN Nanw, and 1b ends 
with 7Nyo 7s. Some leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. The 
latter is badly damaged at the top, and the first legible words are 
Db amd; fol. 2b ends with xb > myo mny. 

Two parchment leaves, one of which is badly damaged, forming 
the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 5438 ins. (=13X9.2 cm.). There 


are thirteen lines to a page. Bold square character [Amram.] 


216 


Part of the Passover Haggadah, with directions in Jewish-Arabic. 

Fol. 1a begins with 54 3pyn, and 1b ends with on; fol. 2a continues 
tb, and 2b ends with Vp by. 

Two paper leaves, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle, measuring 
4731 ins. (=12.4X8.2 cm.). There are eleven lines to a page. 
Square character; vocalized. First and last lines of each page, as well 


as first line of biblical chapters, are in red ink. [Sulzberger.] 


217 


Part of a prayer-book for Pentecost. 

Fol. 1 contains a piyyut with the refrain mnw) 5D Da bbsnn. 
probably by Nisi al-Nahrwani. It consisted perhaps of seventeen 
stanzas, each having two rhyming lines. The lines were in alphabetic 
order, two letters being disposed of in each stanza. The last six stan- 
zas were an acrostic of the author’s name. Only the last five stanzas 
have been preserved, and these spell out 77372 ]2°D. The D line begins 
wydi od. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The 
latter begins with 7’n7n2 Sy mNanDw wD (Singer’s Prayer Book, p. 
235) followed by oD IT ara. This page ends with moa7tK ‘1p 
"1 ann Joy> mwrn. 

Two paper leaves, partly faded, forming the outer sheet of a fas- 
cicle. Size 61413 ins. (=15.812.2 cm.). There are twelve lines 


102 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


to a page; but the lower part of fol. 1b and the whole of fol. 2b are 
blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


218 


It seems to belong to a collection of prayers for the dead. 

Fol. 1a has the last five lines of a prayer. In the opposite di- 
rection to this prayer there is some scribbling, the first line of which 
is in a bold square hand: 12258 1a8 wx bxam. Fol. 1b has another 
prayer beginning D)po 71m, which takes up thirteen lines. In the 
opposite direction there are, in a beautiful square hand, the first few 
lines of a poem by Judah ha-Levi headed nbn at. +The poem seems 
to be 19D] am (Brody, vol. I, p. 143). Fol. 2a has seventeen lines of 
another prayer; the first few words which have been preserved are 
IND’ON NAN Ody np-DN (see MAN nbn, p. 98b). Fol. 2b has some scrib- 
bling. The words 'm 'owa and 55p are still legible. It seems to have 
been used for testing a pen (adp m3). 

Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, measuring 6;% X5 
ins. (=16.6X12.7 cm.). Square character with a tendency to cur- 


siveness. [Amram.] 


219 


Two liturgic poems, probably for funeral service. 

1 is headed oon> noms (another dirge when a sage dies, or by a 
sage), and begins nom mnd> 70n wy) NON WIN IDDNT. 

2 is headed moms, and begins WX DWN NowNa OwNN Ox OTN 73 
wwe. This one is in alphabetic order, and eight complete stanzas 
of four rhyming lines each have been preserved. Every stanza be- 
gins O78 j2, which is not counted in the acrostic. Three letters of the 
alphabet are disposed of in every stanza, and the fourth line, being 
a biblical verse, is not counted. Only the first three words of the 
ninth stanza have been preserved (1p207N}3). The part that followed 
may have contained the author’s name. 

Two paper leaves, measuring 61351 ins. (=17.6X13 cm.). 
Number of lines ranges from fifteen to sixteen. Oriental square 


character with a tendency to cursiveness. [U. P.] 


220 


Part of burial service (77 p17X). 


Recto has four stanzas based on 7>’8 (Lamentations), and written 


LITURGY 103 


in a very imperfect hand. Many words are crossed out. It does not 
seem to be part of the book proper. 

Verso has a dirge by R. Judah ha-Kohen, headed °299 pp pits 
Sr Syaam ann yon m7, and beginning x” $9 Syibd prx nx. 

It is in alphabetic order. The author rhymes Sy with San. 

One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 71X53 ins. (=18.4 
13.7 cm.). Recto has sixteen lines, besides one on the right margin, 
while verso, whose writing is close, has twenty-one lines, and the 
lower part is blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. 


[Amram. | 
22 | 


Probably part of the funeral service. 

Most of the words are obliterated, but a few sentences from Psalm 
104, as well as the expression TD"4N7 10 TDY OINT NN IN’ WR, are legible. 

A piece of paper, badly damaged and faded, measuring 6X3} ins. 
(=15.2 <8.8 cm.). There seem to have been fifteen lines to a page. 


Square character. [Amram.] 


(aries 


Originally it seems to have been one sheet, upon one side of which 
(not folded) was a letter in Arabic character, the lines being written 
lengthwise. The signature of the writer is, as usual, complicated, 
but the words og ine (‘Ali Efendi) are clear. Some time later 
the letter was folded into two, and upon la was copied part of the 
burial service (Sidduk ha-Din) in a Yemenite cursive hand. 

Fol. 1a has eighteen lines of Hebrew (Sidduk ha-Din); Fol. 1b 
and 2a, to be regarded as one side, have ten lines of Arabic; fol. 2b is 
blank. 

Two paper leaves measuring 61X4;4 ins. (=15.5X10.3 cm.). 


[Amram.] 


223 


Part of a prayer-book with copious notes in Arabic. The portion 
preserved in this fragment is for fast-days. 

Fol. 1a begins with the middle of the prayer 1719, which is followed 
by a long note about the duties of one who fasts. At the end of fol. 
1b this note is still unfinished. Some leaves are missing between fol. 
1b and 2a. The latter has the end of a piyyut which was in alphabetic 
order, and had eight stanzas. Each stanza consisted of four rhyming 


104 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


lines, the first three of which were in alphabetic order, while the fourth 
may have contained the author’s name. This fragment preserves 
the last three stanzas from BD to N, the latter being repeated three times. 
The fourth lines spell out Nd). 

Fol. 2b has a piyyut beginning ja$m) 7149 (DD ayo TIN. It is 
alphabetic, two letters being disposed of in each stanza which consists 
of four lines, three of which rhyme with one another. One of Jacob’s 
twelve sons is referred to in each stanza. Three and one-fourth stanzas 
are on this page, and we reach as far ast. Mention is made of j2185, 
pyow, and iid respectively. The author is probably Sa‘adya Gaon, 
as the piyyut seems to be identical with Zunz 97. 

Two paper leaves, faded and torn, forming the outer sheet of a 
fascicle. Size 67,43 ins. (=15.3X12.4 cm.). Number of lines 
ranges from twelve to fourteen to a page. Square character with a 


tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


224 


Part of a Karaite treatise on prayer and the appropriate gestures 
that should acompany it. At first it is explained that there are two 
sorts of prostrating, bowing, standing, and spreading of hands: one 
for praising and thanksgiving and the other for supplication. All 
these gestures are to accompany prayers in every place and at all times. 
Biblical verses are cited in support of this view. The opinion of the 
Rabbanites, that prostrating is forbidden on Sabbath, New Moon, 
and festivals, is refuted. For is not the Day of Atonement called 
}inav naw? Yet the Rabbanites prostrate themselves on that day. It 
is further pointed out that the opinion of the Rabbanites is contrary 
to the biblical narratives. For Moses prostrated himself before the 
Lord forty days and forty nights, and during that period there were 
several Sabbaths. The prohibition is therefore the “device of their 
heart”. This is followed by an account of the order of prayers. The 
fragment ends with the statement that ‘‘it is fitting to compose prayers 
and supplications for any calamity that befalls us, as, for instance, 
persecution and drought, as I shall explain below” (nD? TINDR WD). 

In the last line the word mbpn is omitted by oversight, and is 
supplied below the line. 

Two parchment leaves, measuring 10744 ins. (=25.4 19.5 cm.). 
Number of lines on each page ranges from twenty-one to twenty-three. 


Bold square character. [{Adler.| 


LITURGY 105 


225 


Probably part of a Karaitic prayer-book. 

Recto begins with bx1w yow (Deuteronomy 6.4), which is followed 
by other biblical verses, mostly beginning with m7”. The tetragram- 
maton is throughout spelt in full. 

One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 835 X65 ins. (=20.4 
15.3 cm.). There are twenty lines to a page. Bold square character. 


[Amram.] 
226 


Part of A prayer-book, with directions in Jewish-Arabic. Prob- 
ably Karaitic ritual for Purim, as everything is biblical (Book of 
Esther and Psalms). 

The only Arabic note on this leaf is the last line of verso (OQNOM 
aNboxby), 

One paper leaf, measuring 8X6 ins. (=20.3X15.2 cm.). There 
are twenty lines on recto and sixteen on verso. Bold square hand. 
[UP s] 

227 

Part of a Karaitic(?) prayer-book, with directions in Arabic.” 

Fol. 1a contains penitential verses from the Bible. Ps. 106.6 
(last two words); Job 33.27 (beginning with *nayn); Lamentations 5.7; 
part of Daniel 9.16 (QYMAN:- +3); Joel 1.9; zbid., 1.13; Lamentations 
2.7; tbid., 5.15; Job 30.31; Micah 1.5. Last word on this page is ON”. 
Fol. 1b continues that verse; Nehemiah 9.33. Then comes 1ywin 
1" FI ', and is followed by this note in Arabic: myn Sipn on 
Sypm mnaonbs onsm :ay odiy> qow aanas qon onbds Joins tid 
b> os om om own °SSq dS Sipn aden wo yxp ooTdNA ywIn 
(Psalm 5) moma bs mews Sipm Jina yen Spm apwin. This 
Psalm is continued till 7295 (verse 6) when the page ends. Some 
leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. The latter contains onmbx 
(last word of Psalm 15.2); zbid.,15.3; I Kings 8.49; 8.55; Micah 7.18, 19; 
Psalm 103.8; 145.9; 78.38; I Kings 8.59 until the end of the chapter 
(Sxpbx 72K by): Psalm 19.15. At the bottom of this page there is 
the following sentence written in Arabic characters without diacritical 
eet geal) Tus eh eS ai 

Two parchment leaves, measuring 544512 ins. (=14.4x14.4 
cm.). Number of lines on fol. 1 is thirteen on each page; fol. 2a has 
fifteen lines, while 2b is blank. Square character with a slight tendency 


to cursiveness. [Adler.] 


106 _ GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


228 


Part of a collection of piyyutim for New Year. 

1 (fol. 1, 1.1). The greater part of a piyyut, whose lines are in 
alphabetic order and rhyme in), This fragment begins with the last 
word of the } line, which is followed by 7MA¥ mx> OYA nwp ANID MD. 
This scheme is continued up to 9, and 3, which is the last letter in this 
collection, has a whole stanza consisting of four short lines rhyming 
in a=. It was evidently read during the Kedushah. 

2 (fol. ib, 1.10). The first two lines of a piyyut, whose lines are 
in alphabetic order, beginning 727Y jD1w 7X1". Some leaves are mis- 
sing between fol. 1b and 2a. 

3 (fol. 2a,-1.1).° Last line of a piyyut rhyming in 5°’—. 

4 (bid., 1.3). A piyyut, probably complete, by Jacob al-A‘yan, 
headed yr yoy ynd oby ams 1D, and beginning PANN) PwNI WIA NP. 
It consists of thirteen lines rhyming in )5, the first ten of which spell 
out PyN>s apy’. 

Two paper leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 
534, ins. (=14.6X10.3 cm.). There are eleven lines to a page. 
Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. Vocalized, 


though not quite accurately. [Amram.] 


229 


Part of a collection of piyyutim for New Year. 

1 (fol. la, 1.1). A hymn consisting of twenty-two stanzas in alpha- 
betic order. Each stanza has four short lines beginning with one and 
the same letter, so that each letter of the alphabet is repeated four 
times. The first line reads 2M8 IIyN ») OR IPNyw yow NIN. 

2 (1b, 1.22). A hymn beginning ‘n[xp m7]y9 no in alphabetic 
order. Only the first four lines have been preserved, as some leaves 
are missing between 1b and 2a. (See pan nnwK, p. 175b.) 

3 (2a, |.1). A hymn in alphabetic order, whose first line is mis- 
sing. It consists of twenty-four lines, the last two of which form a 
conclusion. There are no rhymes but a good deal of alliteration and 
paronomasia. The first line preserved is NY °D POM IS8 TIN TPR 
ON °NW)] OP. 

4 (2b, 1.1). A hymn in alphabetic order consisting of twelve 
stanzas. Each stanza has two short lines, and disposes of two letters, 
except the eleventh and twelfth stanzas which repeat w and N, respect- 
ively. The first line is 71ND SxD 19 axa nyo Sed aa4K. 


LITURGY 107 


5 (2b, 1. 14). A hymn beginning b> Fy? o7>wa nyt td yK, whose 
structure is the same as the preceding. See mm ’nbw, Livorno, 116a. 
Two paper leaves, damaged and faded, forming the outer sheet 
of a fascicle. Size 64X42 ins. (=15.81X11 cm.). Number of lines 
ranges from twenty-three to twenty-five. Oriental cursive character. 


[Amram.] 


230 


Part of Ibn Gebirol’s Keter Malkut. 

la is headed mabn snp, and fol. 1b ends with °3 13971 2p TMND 
yw xb. Many leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter 
begins with 7p -:nyo Jw xm Sawn oD (next to paragraph 79» °n 
Jmnps),and fol. 2b ends with ANNAY ON MDD AD WHY ANY by bapn 
Depn. 

There are many variants, most of which are obviously corrupt. 
Mention may be made of a few n9DnM obyin navn 45 (instead of 45 
moan *noo abyin own); py: +> INN ANN (instead of p22). 

Two paper leaves, measuring 5345; ins. (=14.9X10.9 cm.). 
There are fifteen lines to a page, except fol. la which, on account of 
the heading, has only eleven lines (besides the heading). Cursive 


hand, but beginning of every paragraph is in large square character. 
Us| 


231 


Part of Ibn Gebirol’s Keter Malkut. 

Recto, the writing of which is scarcely legible, seems to begin 
with Jnd17) [MIT °y], and ends with [py ox] wy myatEe 4S; verso 
continues recto, and ends with sim nowoon ado 15 aN Fw. 

There are some variants. 

This fragment belongs to the same fascicle as No. 232. 

One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 64 5} ins. 
(=16.4X13 cm.). There are sixteen lines to a page. Square char- 


acter with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


232 


Part of Ibn Gebirol’s Keter Malkut. } 

Recto begins with... .7[ay] 79x now sim. Next paragraph 
begins with yp Dy qE°pma -pmpty 7Dod Sov on Syne nbs oR” 
mn. It ends with myn mbD51; verso continues recto, and ends with 
mra>0 mpiy. 


108 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


There are some lexical variants as well as divergence in arrange- 
ment of paragraphs. 

This fragment belongs to the same fascicle as No. 231. 

One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 6} X54 ins. 
(=16.4X13cm.). There are fifteen lines toa page. Square character 


with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


233 


Part of a collection of piyyutim for the Day of Atonement. 

1 (1, 1.1). A piyyut probably consisting of twenty-two stanzas 
in alphabetic order. Each stanza consists of two lines, which do 
not rhyme with one another, the second of which ends with awn. 
This fragment begins with the sixth stanza, but the first legible one is 
aw) 1997 ywr ary’. This hymn ends at the bottom of fol. 1b. 

2 (2a, 1.1). A piyyut in the reverse order of the alphabet. It 
consists of twenty-two lines rhyming in mt. The first legible line 
is Sannin OT7SI5A DDD. 

3 (2b, 1.12). A piyyut, beginning 71 avm yy qws atobs aI, 
and consisting probably of twenty-two lines rhyming in 7. We 
reach as far as the fifth line. 

Two paper leaves, damaged and faded, measuring 674% ins. 
(=17.4X12.5 cm.). Number of lines seems to range from seventeen 
to eighteen to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursive- 


ness. [Amram.] 


234 


It seems to belong to a collection of piyyutim for the Day of 
Atonement. 
One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 72 <5,% ins. 
=18.7 X13.5cm.). Number of lines ranges from seventeen to eighteen 
to a page. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. 


[Amram.] 


235 


Part of a collection of piyyutim for the Day of Atonement. 

One of the piyyutim is nx mwyn. 

Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, measuring 61415 
ins. (=15.8X12.5 cm.). There are sixteen lines to a page. Square 


character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram. | 


LITURGY 109 


236 


Part of a collection of piyyutim for the Day of Atonement. 

1 (fol. 1,1.1). A piyyut by Isaac Ibn Ghayyat beginning oD? 
p>>mp maxya ima. The first stanza seems to spell out pny’. 
The renraining stanazs are in alphabetic order, and this page ends 
with letter °. No more stanzas have been preserved. Is it the 
same as Zunz 412? See Mahzor Roma, 272b, and Davidson. 

2 (1b, 1.1). A piyyut headed m7rm> D2) nawd, and beginning 
wn Ss rad or. It consist of four stanzas, the last three of which 
spell out mw. Each stanza has eight short lines which rhyme alter- 
nately. The author is Moses Ibn Ezra. (See Mahzor Barcelona, p. 
117a, and other places marked by Davidson.) 

Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, measuring 7451 
ins. (=18.413.3 cm.). Number of lines ranges from eighteen to 
nineteen to a page. Square character with a slight tendency to cur- 


siveness. [Amram.] 


237 


Part of a collection of piyyutim for the Day of Atonement. 

One of the hymns preserved belongs to the cycle which begins 
a neaAy ”"’ but is different from the one printed in the Ashkenazic Mahzor. 

One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 5333 ins. (=13.7 
<8.5 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twenty-one to twenty- 
three to a page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. 


[Amram.] 


238 


Part of a collection of piyyutim, probably for the Day of Atonement. 

1 (fol. la, 1.1). A hymn of twenty-two rhyming lines in alphabetic 
order. Each line begins with 2 '7 which is not counted in the alphabetic 
scheme. This fragment begins with the last two words of the } line 
myo 1x°Hn, and is followed by 1273 ‘7m. 

2 (1b, 1.13). This hymn has the same construction as the pre- 
ceding, except that each line begins with on>x . The first line 
reads: 1DXpO YINT WYN NS on>x ". (See a similar hymn in DD 
own, 407.) 

3 (2b, 1.10). A hymn beginning oa0 >) num Ady inDAa JoINA. 
Each line begins with 7 followed by a letter in the reverse order of the 
alphabet. It probably consisted of twenty-two rhyming lines. At 
the end of fol. 2b we reach the Dline. Some leaves are missing between 
fol. 2b and 3a. 


110 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


4 (3a, 1.1). The greater part of a hymn in alphabetic order. 
Each line is preceded by 1’ps ””” bx, and every letter of the alphabet 
is repeated four times. Two letters (eight lines) rhyme with one 
another. Fol. 3a begins with the letter 0, and the hymn ends at the 
bottom of fol. 4a. Fol. 4b is blank, except for the alphabet scribbled 
on it by a later hand. 

Four parchment leaves (two separate sheets, but they are contin- 
uous), slightly damaged, forming the outer sheets of a fascicle. Size 
6x42 ins. (=15.2X10.4 cm.). Number of lines ranges from sixteen 


to twenty to a page. Bold square character. [Amram.] 


239 
Part of the liturgy for the Day of Atonement, probably belonging 


to an old form of ritual. 

1. Fol. 1a begins with the middle of a piyyut, whose lines are in 
alphabetic order, and all of which rhyme in 3}. There seem to have 
been twenty-two lines. This fragment begins with wat 13° IpNnD 
pind. 

2 (fol. 1, 1.11). A piyyut beginning sayba ys ox. It consists 
of twenty-two short lines in alphabetic order. 

3 (fol. la, 1.17). A piyyut headed nox 7° °D jdm), and beginning 
Dy PN) NONA PT TY bx. The structure is the same as the preceding. 
See Zunz 55, and Davidson. 

4 (fol. 1b, 1.1). A piyyut headed 12°8 ANS °D 735), and beginning 
yay) Maa pax ows yx bx. The structure is the same as the pre- 
ceding. It is identical with the. famous hymn in the Ashkenazic 
ritual, though it has some interesting variants. | 

5 (fol. 1b, 1.7). A piyyut by Kalir headed mms DINN yun °D 35D), 
and beginning oy ND 99S on) TNX TDN Oe. It consists of twenty- 
two lines rhyming in 77. Each line begins with by followed by a 
word denoting God’s attribute in alphabetic order. The words TNX 
525 on are reapeted in every line and followed by a word whose 
root is in alphabetic order. See Zunz 55. 

6 (fol. 1b, 1.19). A piyyut headed 124m Fx y2 jD3), and beginning 
Mpax amd. It consists of twenty-two short lines, all of which begin 
with >. If this > is disregarded, the lines are in alphabetic order. 
It is practically identical with the famous hymn of the Ashkenazic 
ritual, except that it lacks the refrains 7 ova and pn. There are 
a few variants. 

7 (fol. 2a, 1.1). A piyyut by Kalir headed Any pn 48 D3), and 


LITURGY Lt 


beginning byp $35 orm pin 7pip> orDIN JN. It consists of twenty- 
two lines. Each line begins with 4&8, and ends alternately with yn 
byyp 595 orn and Sym $56 orm mmx °>. If 4s is disregarded, the 
lines are in alphabetic order. See Zunz 56; Kol-Bo, II, 205; many other 
references by Davidson. 

8 (fol. 2a, 1.19). A piyyut by Kalir headed ySwn xd F)Xpa 2), 
and beginning MN¥’ 1 DY oy yawn Nd ANP OWN ON AXpA. It 
consists of twenty-two lines rhyming inn. The lines begin alternately 
with OX 4¥pa and oy vpwn xd. If these words are disregarded, the 
lines are in alphabetic order (in line 2 the word ODy1a is counted in the 
alphabetic scheme). See Zunz 56. 

9 (fol. 2b, 1.7). A piyyut by Kalir headed 'w mbnmn awry jD2), 
and beginning wp omix byp wax ¥>) Syon opm wor. It consists 
of forty-four lines in alphabetic order, ending alternately in O7018 
wiap and Fina ois. Each letter of the alphabet is repeated twice. 
This fragment ends with the second » line. See Zunz 55; Kol-Bo, 
II, 208; many other references by Davidson. 

Two parchment leaves, badly damaged and torn, measuring 71 
X71 ins. (=18.4 18.4 cm.). The number of lines to a page ranges 
from twenty-two to twenty-four. Square character with a slight 
tendency to cursiveness. Vocalized. [Lederer.] 

240 

Part of a collection of liturgic poems, perhaps for the Day of 
Atonement. 

1 (fol. la). A hymn which probably consisted of twenty-three 
stanzas. Every stanza begins with '¥9 and the word which follows 
it is in the reverse order of the alphabet. There are three rhyming 
lines in each stanza, besides a refrain which is alternately Jaa '5n) 
mown and mabnon ”? 45). The last stanza begins o'n’yia myn’E ‘Sn 
which seems to repeat & unnecessarily. The other two lines begin 
with w and ’, respectively. Should we perhaps disregard or delete the 
&, and then obtain the acrostic °w’? Our fragment has six stanzas, 
beginning with m which is mend myriad ‘Sn. 

2 (ibid.). A hymn headed n2%nn7 12), and beginning wwIw7 4750 
nian mp ay o>. It consists of twenty-three stanzas, each having one 
line and a refrain which is alternately 799 7)om” xin and son” m9 
350. Every stanza begins with 30 which refers alternately to God 
and to the earthly king. The word following 30 has the definite 
article and the letter after it is in alphabetic order in the stanzas re- 
ferring to God and in the reverse order of the alphabet in those which 


1i2 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS 1N PHILADELPHIA 


speak of the earthly king. All the stanzas rhyme with one another. 
The twenty-second stanza completes the alphabet, and the twenty- 
third is an extra stanza declaring the greatness of the heavenly King. 
At the end of fol. 1b we reach 1 and 5 (2 which is omitted in the text 
is supplied on the margin). 

Four leaves are missing between fol. 1b and fol. 2a. No. 241 is 
to be inserted here. 

3 (fol. 2a). The. continuation of hymn 6 of No. 241. Fol. 2b 
ends with p. 

Some words are vocalized. 

Two paper leaves, measuring 745% ins. (=18.1X13.5 cm.). 
With the exception of fol. 2b which has sixteen lines, the number of 
lines on each page is eighteen. Oriental square character with a ten- 
dency to cursiveness. These two leaves form the outer sheet of 
No. 241. [Adler.] 


241 


Part of a collection of liturgic poems, perhaps for the Day of 
Atonement. 

1 (fol. la). The continuation of hymn 2 of No. 240. We begin 
here witht. In stanza y read 12”n} instead of "mb (last word. The 
mark over ” is no doubt a Tashdid). 

2 (fol. 1b). A hymn headed wxid> 555 xwinom }2), and beginning 
NINDS omyn my %. (ks it the same as Zunz, ‘p. 109, 23?) It 
consists of eleven stanzas. Each stanza is divided into two parts: 
one beginning woth °p and the other with v8 ANN). The first radical 
letters of the following words are in the reverse order of the alphabet. 
By an oversight ) is omitted, and hence the last line is not in the alpha- 
betic scheme. 

3 (fol. 2a). A hymn headed 71D99 TNadm Aw DI). It consists 
of eleven stanzas, each having two lines. The first radical letters of 
the lines are in the alphabetic order known as 0’29x. Some of the 
stanzas are corrupt. 3 and N are missing entirely. 

4 (fol. 2b). A hymn headed $593 Sw ans }23), and beginning 
mawn ya on ams onN. It consists of twenty-two rhyming lines, 
all beginning with mms). The words following nN) are in alphabetic 
order. 

5 (fol. 3b). A hymn headed 7713) nD 4A 3D), and beginning 
Ma2 NAM ON AIMNXA Wm. It consists of twenty-one rhyming lines, 
all beginning with 1m. The word following 7m begins with the 


LITURGY LES 


definite article and the letter after it is in alphabetic order. W is 
omitted by oversight. It concludes with 7a" bn ana mwy nbs b> 
bon mey ov” po mop". 

6 (fol. 4b). A hymn headed $35 pinbdi Saxo 4pm, and beginning 
bod yaw $0505 mb265 mondo IPR TIN poIN JPA>. It evidently 
had twenty stanzas beginning with 773) and ending with bad spies 
mab, pindi. The lines are in alphabetic order, 77) being disregarded. 
This page ends with) and the hymn is continued on fol. 2a of No. 240. 

Some words are vocalized. Instead of a dagesh forte a Tashdid 
is once used over D9DA (fol. 4a). 

Four paper leaves, measuring 745; ins. (=18.113.5 cm.). 
Number of lines on each page is eighteen, except fol. la which has 
nineteen. Oriental square character with a tendency to cursiveness. 
These leaves are to be inserted in No. 240.  [Adler.] 


242 


Part of a collection of Selihot. 
Two paper leaves, partly damaged and faded, measuring 614 X 5; 
ins. (=17X13.5 cm.). Number of lines ranges from seventeen to 


nineteen to a page. Oriental cursive character. [U. P.] 


243 


Part of a Selihah beginning 7’7yw "rms. It is alphabetic, con- 
sisting of at least twenty-two stanzas. Each stanza contains two 
rhyming lines. This fragment has preserved the Selihah from the 
beginning up to 9, inclusive. 

One paper leaf, damaged, measuring 77 X53 ins. (=20 14.6 cm.). 
There are fourteen lines to a page. Square character with a distinct 


tendency to cursiveness. Vocalized. [Amram.] 


244 
Part of a collection of Selihot, with directions in Jewish-Arabic. 
Fol. 2a is blank. 
Two paper leaves, badly torn and faded, measuring 43 <3} ins, 
(=11X7.9cm.). Number of lines ranges from ten to twelve to a page. 


Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


245 


Part of a collection of Selihot. Portions of N’mwa °7 }79 and 
oN °D1D9 have been preserved, but the text greatly differs from the 


114 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


printed editions. A few illegible words in Arabic character have 
been scribbled on verso. 

A narrow strip of paper, badly damaged, measuring 107; X33% 
ins. (=26.28.6 cm.). Recto has preserved thirty-one lines. Bold 


square character. [Amram.] 


246 


Part of a collection of Selihot. It seems to have been written 
with a thick reed, and probably belongs to an Egyptian prayer-book. 
Two paper leaves, measuring 635 ins. (=17.1X12.7 cm.). 
Number of lines ranges from thirteen to fourteen to a page, except 
fol. 2b which has only eight lines, the lower half being blank. Oriental 


cursive character. [U. P.] 


247 


Part of a collection of Selihot for the Day of Atonement, perhaps 
from Sa‘adya’s Siddur. 

1 (fol. la). Part of a Selihah which consisted of twenty-two 
alphabetical stanzas. Each stanza probably contained originally six- 
teen lines without rhymes. In this copy, however, the number of 
the lines in the various stanzas is unequal. The same letter of the 
alphabet was repeated in one stanza four, five, six, or seven times. 
Our fragment begins with the middle of the sixteenth stanza (Y). The 
following stanza begins myo 5x wpIAND. It is followed by N3N NK 
unbpn ppd. 

2 (fol. 2a). A Selihah beginning 1199 7738 7AONT. 

3 (fol. 2b). A Selihah beginning bi yD nb yr. It is followed 
by W390 ANS mawm man and a few other prayers. 

4 (fol. 4b). A Selihah beginning mb->Na NON oO”. 

S (ibid.). A Selihah headed ppio’y 7D, and beginning 139Y8 
nt> Xo wR IwyDa. 

6 (fol. 5a). A Selihah by Sa‘adya beginning wy) mR WIN 
man. See oon my, p. 34a, and other places marked by David- 
son. 

7 (fol. 5b) A Selihah by Sa‘adya. beginning anys 2wprd jpn. 
See oin’n mmdp, p. 34a, and other places marked by Davidson. 

8 (fol. 6a). A Selihah by Sa‘adya beginning 1] Jnywn 7NnwES 
oon. This fragment ends with the third line of the tenth stanza 
Man aman Nwya-wma my. See o20'n mmo, p. 35a, and other places 
marked by Davidson; comp. also Zunz, p. 220. 


LITURGS A) 


Six paper leaves, measuring 73X63} ins. (=20X16.4 cm.). 
Number of lines on each page ranges from twenty to twenty-five. 
The pages which have more than twenty-two lines are written in a 
smaller hand, and the lines are shorter than those on the other pages. 
Oriental square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. 


[ Adler. ] 
248 


It seems to be part of a confession (Widduz) or Selihah. 
One paper leaf, badly damaged, measuring 8;}5 5% ins. (=20.4 
X13.3cm.). There are twelve lines toa page. Bold square character, 


with vowel-points. [Amram.] 


249 


Part of a piyyut for Tabernacles. It is in alphabetic order with 
the name of the author interwoven. Beginning and end are missing. 
Each stanza consists of three rhyming lines, the first two of which are 
in the alphabetic or acrostic scheme, while the third is a biblical verse, 
mainly taken from the Pentateuch in connection with Tabernacles. 
Accordingly, two letters of the alphabet are disposed of in each stanza. 
After every third stanza there is one which does not fit in the alpha- 
betic scheme, and probably spells out the author’s name. Recto be- 
gins with the middle of the 7-1 stanza, and verso ends with axbn of 


the n-w stanza. The three stanzas after 1,5, and x spell out "30003, 
which may be the remnant of [>aspow }{2 mr], and the piyyut is prob- 
ably by Judah ha-Levi. But some of the letters are not very distinct. 

One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 63 41% ins. 
(=16.8X12.5cm.). There are fifteen lines to a page. Square character 


with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


250 

Probably part of a collection of piyyutim for Tabernacles. 

1 (fa,1.1). The last two stanzas of an alphabetic piyyut; the last 
stanza begins 0°) 7YSVTAA Sn. 

2 (ibid., 1.4). A piyyut headed mwn, and beginning nnp> dys 
mans. It seems to consist of twenty-five lines, the first twenty-one 
of which are in alphabetic order and formed into three stanzas, each 
having seven rhyming lines. Accordingly, the alphabet up to w is 
disposed of (in the twenty-first line read 117?yw instead of 1739)). The 
last four lines which rhyme with one another spell out DY. Is it by 
Joseph Ibn Abitor? 


116 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


3 (1b, 1.1). A piyyut beginning MTD’ yAIN2 ‘rs. It consists 
of two stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The lines of the first 
stanza are in alphabetic order, reaching as far as 1, while the second 
stanza spells out DY. It is probably incomplete. The author is 
evidently the same as that of the preceding. 

4 (ibid., 1.8). A piyyut beginning Md pp? ybix omnd oN OD. 
It must have had at least twenty-two stanzas, in alphabetic order, 
each having four rhyming lines. Each stanza repeats a letter three 
times, the fourth line being a biblical verse. The word 0° is not 
counted. The first five stanzas have been preserved. 

Fol. 2a seems to have, in a different hand, similar piyyutim. 

Two paper leaves, badly faded, measuring 75,4 ins. (=17.8 
14.1 cm.). Fol. 1 has seventeen lines to a page in a large square char- 
acter with a tendency to cursiveness, while fol. 2a has fourteen lines 
in a smaller and different hand, the lower half as well as fol. 2b being 
blank. [Amram.] 

251 


Part of a collection of piyyutim and prayers for Tabernacles 
with directions in Jewish-Arabic. 

Fol. 1a has mywindds ov post, many ov port, and in a bold 
square hand pabm yon. It is possible that Halfon was the owner 
of the collection. 

The pizmonim for Hosha‘na Rabba end on fol. 3b, and are followed 
by masy (?Pnw mx, part of the Eighteen Benedictions being given. 
From fol. 6b, 1.3, to the end there is an alphabetic hymn without 
rhymes, beginning NISX bb)n -we. This hymn describes the giving 
of the Law, and is found in the Ashkenazic ritual for the Rejoicing of 
the Law. 

Nine paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, measuring 2443 
ins. (=5X12.5 cm.). Number of lines ranges from four to five to a 


page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


252 
A collection of liturgic poems, probably for Passover or nowa nay. 


1 (fol. 1a). Three stanzas and two refrains of a hymn which prob- 
ably consisted of at least eleven stanzas and a similar number of 
refrains. Only the last three lines of the first stanza is preserved in 
this codex, and fol. 1a begins with 77¥ O'MyD oipn. Each stanza 
contained four rhyming lines, while the refrains consisted of eight 


rhyming lines. In the stanza the alternate lines are in alphabetic 


LITURGY . 117 


order. Each refrain begins with pyyn m9. But as the hymn stands 
here, it is corrupt. After we have two more stanzas containing 7)28, 
and the refrain which follows has twelve lines. Part of the same hymn 
is found in No. 253, 20, where this refrain has eight lines. These two 
stanzas are not found there. Their first line is 72yNn nb D2 71 ON 
(see Davidson, JOR., New Series, I, p. 110), which, when compared 
with No. 253, 20, appears to be a later interpolation modelled on that 
hymn. 

2 (fol. 2a). A hymn headed nx, and beginning poaad DIM) ISON. 
It consists of two stanzas and a refrain, each having four rhyming 
lines. The first three lines in each stanza are in alphabetic order 
and we thus reach as far as}. The fourth line is a biblical sentence. 

3 (fol. 2b). A hymn heacei mx, and beginning more> °> DORN. 
It consists of eight stanzas and a refrain, having four lines. The 
stanzas have no rhyme. The fourth line in every stanza is 70°7¥n, 
and is omitted by mistake in the fifth and. seventh stanzas. The 
first three lines in every stanza begin with & and the letters after 
that 8 are in alphabetic order. mn is repeated three times. The re- 
frain begins obyy nbs myw ns nn iay’nn. See No. 253, 24. 

4 (fol. 3b). A hymn headed “ns, and beginning IPy¥’ Vaya O08 
as aos It consists of three stanzas, each having two rhyming lines, 
and a refrain of eight rhyming lines. The stanzas are in alphabetic 
order, but 1 is omitted by oversight, and we reach as far as 7. The 
same as No. 253, 25, where} is actually found. The refrain begins o'n 
OVID. 

5 (fol. 4b). A hymn beginning 72¥n 7 *py aad nx (see Davidson, 
JQR., New Series, I, p. 110). It consist of three stanzas, each having 
four rhyming lines and a refrain of two rhyming lines. The alternate 
lines of the stanzas are in alphabetic order, and we reach as far as). 
The refrain begins ond 7x2"? 5x NOU Mt ee OCemN Oa .2 Or 

6 (fol. 5a). A hymn beginning 0°3 on773 0°70) yx. It consists 
of four stanzas, each having two rhyming lines. The lines are in alpha- 
betic order, and we reach as far as Nn. 

7 (fol. 6b). A hymn beginning mo7D DID oa ON. It consists of 
two stanzas, each having fourteen(?) rhyming lines. The stanzas 
begin with & and 3, respectively, and it is possible the hymn contained 
twenty-two stanzas. 

8 (fol. 6b). A long hymn headed -w5wm Synow ‘397 Ow Tw. 
(See below). A few hymns by this paitan, who flourished about 
1000 c. E., are found in the Bodleian Library. See Neubauer and 


118 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


Cowley, Catalogue, vol. II, 2729 4c, 5; 2848 13b 1. Comp. also J. 
Mann, The Jews in Egypt and in Palestine under the Fatimid Caliphs, 
I, p. 28. This hymn begins 237 N¥D3 Sobor own wv, and comprises 
forty stanzas, each having fifteen rhyming lines. The structure of 
these stanzas is very peculiar, the letters of the alphabet being woven in 
most ingeniously. The fourth, eighth, twelfth, and fifteenth lines in every 
stanza are biblical sentences, and do not count in the alphabetic scheme. 
The first, fifth, and ninth lines in every stanza begin with words or 
phrases from Canticles, while the thirteenth line begins with the word 
which concludes the twelfth line. The third, seventh, and eleventh lines 
begin with single words, in the proper order, from the following verses: 
Isaiah 30.29 (16 words); Exodus 15.1 (20 words); Numbers 21.17 (10 
words); Deut. 31.22 (11 words); Judges 5.1 (8 words); Psalm 30.1 
(5 words); Canticles 1.1 (4 words); 2 Chronicles 20.21 (18 words); 
Isaiah 5.1 (12 words); Psalm 98.1 (13 words). Ali these verses contain 
a verb or noun of "Ww (he sang), and all the words amount to 117, three 
for every stanza, except the last. When we disregard all these initial 
words, the lines are in alphabetic order, eleven letters being disposed 
of in every stanza (for the four biblical lines do not count). Two 
stanzas are necessary for the entire alphabet, and the arrangement is 
alternately direct and reverse. Thus stanzas 1 and 2 are in direct 
order, while 3 and 4 are in reverse order. In the first thirty-eight 
stanzas the alphabet is repeated nineteen times, ten times in direct 
order and nine in reverse order. The stanza before the last, if we 
apply to it the same rules as to the other stanzas, bears the acrostic 
yan Ssinw. This proves that he composed this hymn before he was 
promoted to the rank of ‘Third’. 

The following, which is the thirty-ninth stanza, will serve as an 
example of the structure, and will show the acrostic. I place an 
asterisk on the acrostic, a line above the words or phrases from Canticles, 


and a line under the words from Psalm 98.1. 
yi > aNwl nw cpap 1 

* 

syond opps pwn man won nD 


WAYS =) INOO Mad Dittidel tole ls : 


= WwW bd 


ayy adiyds qow mdbdasi 
syon nm ay mbiox naern 5 
syonn (read $25) Sab saya any onan mad 6 


“Whe TINO ol aeUr es 


LITURGY 


39) yr DN) 
TYID DAY (read 737 comp. Pro. 7.15;) TAT ANN TMT MA 
yin 19D mobym) Nw OANA 
sys Pos wa $5 Dw" wap 
sy) obiy qb 0” 
* 
ay) Jmabn ond say Ay 
TY DOIN? VAN? AN yx 


sy1 obiys qabnr 


119 


10 


ip 


The last stanza differs slightly in its structure: the initial words 
of the third, seventh, and eleventh lines, like those of the first, fifth, 


and ninth, are taken from Canticles. If this stanza forms part of this 


hymn, and there seems to be no reason to doubt this, despite the insigni- 


ficant difference, it ought to continue the acrostic of the author’s name. 


But the manuscript is corrupt in one or two places, and no definite 


conclusion can be arrived at. It reads: 
onywa ony ody 2 a5 
ombnpn -op mi *pINnd 
onoiy> mdina pan aN qy>na ax5 
onoax Syn ny (read wn) win xd) 
omxbad oxpiy yom aot ont ~py> on 


* 
Cy Oe de (ali ee Lk De. wet 





omannd ot abs qawa odxn 
onvnd) own) mon bm 

omrae pax mavmd va ont by 
oma 7and mons pos pabr aw 
ona a> mn ody 

onxyn b> o mbyxna q>>wm 

omt mab Tam ond mp) onxon 
omba> pan snoo> onnn 15> oan 


ombonn oazon wn) down 1 


By applying the rules of the preceding stanzas, we get no results at first. 


Davidson, whose attention I drew to this codex, suggests to read "AD in- 


120 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS 1N PHILADELPHIA 


stead of V7 (1.6), and by taking 213 of 1. 1,9) of 1.5, and 5 of 1.6 (read 7’35), 
obtains SIYWINA NAD ja. The objection to this scheme is the word Yap 
which makes no sense, as we need a verb in 1.6. Morever, a verb seems 
to be missing in Il. 1 and 2. Now if we supply some such word as yon 
at the beginning of 1. 2, and retain V2 or any other word with initial 
7, we get NIYWINA ANANA. The meaning of Van seems to be to destroy, 
and may be Hifil of 172 ((purge, hence destroy) or of N12 (make void). 
Accordingly the last two stanzas bear the acrostic mana °y7aa7 byw 
NIYWIAI. 

The lines of the above hymn are not divided, and even the stanzas 
often lack dividing points. A few words are corrupt, but there can be 
no doubt about the structure. Some words are vocalized. 

Then follows the remark 0°? [NY Mavo 7IyR. This hymn 
which is obviously the same as Zunz, p. 709, is not given here. 

9 (fol. 37b). A hymn beginning tym $3 Join Ay yty. It has 
eleven short rhyming lines. The acrostic is "|}DV. 

10 (fol. 38a). A hymn headed yyw $"1 wom nan wnpp yn? ‘pw 
oan. A number of hymns by this paitan are found in the Bodleian 
Library. See Neubauer and Cowley, Catalogue, vol. II, 2712 10b; 
2127 Ap “q;. 2islote 2037 c)6:.2738 11 his hymn sbeginsian en oo 
s>wn, and has eight rhyming lines, the first five of which bear the 
acrostic jNYMD. 

11 (ibid.). A hymn headed “ms ‘nlp. It consists of some 
stanzas and a refrain. The refrain which is placed first has six short 
rhyming lines and begins }w’pa x DDD. Each stanza contains four 
rhyming lines, the last of which is a sentence from the Bible. The 
first stanza begins YW] WY TANT) DDR NID’D. The last word of every 
stanza is repeated at the beginning of the succeeding stanza. These 
initial words being disregarded, the stanzas are found to bear the alter- 
nate letters of the alphabet. We thus reach as faras». In the third 
stanza this arrangement seems to be disturbed, but it is obviously 
corrupt. The first two lines of that stanza are "? NID 117 (O1DT) 
nae mary IwaN>°DITIN. We expect 7 instead of’. There can, however, 
be no doubt that the correct reading is 89 °D ITN” ya 3 byin 
> noary> wa: Those who sing of the glory of the Lord were set on high, while 
(the others) were cursed because they did not come to the aid of the Lord. 
Comp. Judges 5.23. The third line in every stanza begins with 7’ny>) 
nas. If this phrase is disregarded, the third lines have the acrostic 
[AJor moby. 

12 (fol. 40a). A hymn beginning iny yt nw poo dw. It 


LITURGY TY 


contains two stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. It is obviously 
the middle portion of a larger hymn, as the alternate lines of the stanzas 
have ydid. The first line of the second stanza is slightly corrupt, and 
we should read 797 O’A instead of o':3 ADT. The error is a biblical 
reminiscence. 

13 (fol. 40b). A hymn beginning ypa 410 oO. Only four stanzas 
of this hymn are preserved in this codex, for we are at the end of the 
fourth fascicle, and the fifth is incomplete. Each stanza consists of 
three lines. The first two lines rhyme with each other, while the 
third of all stanzas have one and the same rhyme. The stanzas bear 
the acrostic 8 7}DV. (Is it al-Bardani?). 

14 (fol. 41a). A hymn whose refrain began a)w Ty) m. It con- 
sisted of twenty-five stanzas, each having three rhyming lines, the last 
of which was a sentence from Exodus 15. The first two lines bear 
the same letter of the alphabet and the first twenty-two stanzas repeat 
the entire alphabet twice. The lines of the remaining three stanzas 
bear the acrostic 7}DY, D and 4 being repeated twice. The first six 
stanzas are missing. The seventh stanza begins 19’9Dp3 0°73") Oy TT 

15 (fol. 43a). A hymn headed 'n Simm ova °? ywrn joa. It 
consists of eight stanzas and a refrain. Each stanza has three rhyming 
lines. At the beginning of every stanza there are two words from 
Exodus 14.30 (that verse contains sixteen words). If these initial 
words are disregarded, the lines are in alphabetic order, nN being repeated 
three times. The third line of the second stanza should begin 0°97 
instead of 0°9 7’. 

16 (44a). A hymn headed nynp nbwa nn jam. It consists of 
four stanzas each having eight rhyming lines, and a refrain of nine 
rhyming lines. The refrain, which is placed first, begins MM1D "In, 
while the first stanza begins yp PX Mywa. Every stanza begins with 
nbwa. If this word is disregarded, the alternate lines are in alphabetic 
order, each letter being repeated twice. Two letters are disposed of 
in every stanza, and we reach as far as N. 

17 (fol. 45b). A hymn headed “ns ‘15. It consists of seven 
stanzas, each having four rhyming lines, and a refrain of two rhyming 
lines. The refrain, which is placed first, begins MN MYy7D now. om 
aha taps) oink while the first stanza begins D’MIYD ]DIX "Naw Wa’ nbwa. 
This hymn, though constructed on a slightly different model, is a kind 
of complement to the preceding. Each stanza begins with mbwa, and 
if this word is disregarded, the lines are in alphabetic order, each 


letter being repeated twice. We begin with » and end with n. It 


i? GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


is possible to regard the stanzas of the preceding hymn as having 
four lines each, the rhymes in the middle of the lines being immaterial. 
There are also unnecessary rhymes in the middle of the lines of this 
hymn. 

18 (fol. 47b). A hymn headed nx, and beginning D'WN7 NON. 
It consists of two stanzas, each having eight rhyming lines, and a refrain 
of seven rhyming lines. The first stanza and the refrain are the same 
as No. 253, 23, but this copy has a few errors which should be corrected 
in accordance with that codex. 

19 (48a). A hymn headed 1nvo mn yn ans, and beginning 
paz aN) aT Ap. st consists of one stanza of four rhyming 
lines. As the lines bear nwap it is to be assumed that this stanza is 
the end of a larger hymn which contained the entire alphabet. 

20 (fol. 48b). A hymn headed mms ind 't®. It consists of a 
stanza of four rhyming lines and a refrain of eight short rhyming lines. 
The refrain which is placed first begins D)°y INw2, while the stanza 
begins onbxn wx nwo ndpn. The first three lines begin with n, while 
the fourth is onda bs onyw Sym (Exodus 2.23). We may thus as- 
sume that this stanza is part of a hymn which contained the entire 
alphabet repeated three times. It consisted of twenty-two stanzas, each 
having four rhyming lines, the last of which was a biblical sentence. 
This stanza may be the first or the last. 

The last line of this codex is [WwA]7 OVA” yw) JDD). 

Forty-eight paper leaves, measuring 53 x3} ins. (=13.7X9.8 cm.). 
Number of lines on each page ranges from twelve to thirteen. Bold 
square character. 

The leaves form five fascicles which are fastened together by a 
string. The first four fascicles have ten leaves each, while the fifth 
has eight, as the outer sheet (two leaves) is missing. Each fascicle 
isnumbered. Our fragment begins with the third fascicle of the codex, 
and is marked}. The successive fascicles are marked '1, '7, '1, respec- 
tively. The fifth fascicle, whose outer sheet is missing, naturally bears 
no mark.  [Adler.] 


253 


Part of a collection of liturgic poems, probably for Passover or 
nbwa naw andinm naw. Some hymns of this codex are found in the 
one marked No. 252. 

1 (fol. fa). A hymn which probably had nine regular stanzas 


and three refrains. Each stanza and refrain consists of three rhyming 


LITURGY ies 


lines. The first two lines of the stanzas are in alphabetic order, two 
letters being disposed of in every stanza, while the third line is a verse, 
or part threeof, from nbwa. Fol. 1a begins with the last line of the 
second stanza which is oym n& o'n>R 30%. The third stanza is yawn 
ROY MOXY MX TWD Mp ADIIA omoxy nx om>ym ADV yawns. nwap 
are not represented here. The refrain comes after every third stanza, 
and begins with the word which concludes the preceding stanza. 

2 (fol. 1b). A hymn beginning »3n=2 Vw ANWR. It consists of 
six stanzas, and two refrains. Each stanza and refrain contains three 
rhyming lines. The stanzas are in alphabetic order, and we reach as 
far as). The last lines are sentences from n>wa. The refrains which 
are placed after every third stanza begin with nywind and end with 
win. 

3 (fol. 2a). A hymn beginning 17M) yANA ANIA IN. It consists 
of six stanzas, each having three rhyming lines. The first two lines 
of every stanza are in alphabetic order, each letter being repeated 
twice. The third line is a biblical verse. Wereach as farasi. After 
every third stanza the refrain nywind of the preceding hymn is re- 
peated. 

4 (fol. 3a). A hymn headed yp1x, and beginning mman v7>x 
7050 2 nny oa awa bad. It consists of six stanzas and a refrain, 
each having three rhyming lines. The lines are in alphabetic order, 
and we reach as farasx¥. The refrain which begins INV) IN” AM AYN 
is repeated after every third stanza. 

5 (fol. 3b). A hymn beginning (read mMaD1D) 73579 71D1x. Its 
structure is indentical with that of preceding hymns. Its refrain 
begins 0°79) onx’72. 

6 (ibid.). A hymn of thirteen short rhyming lines beginning 
ab Dida. yoa bx Ps. With a few exceptions, the words are in 
alphabetic order; the alphabet, except 3 which must have been omitted 
by the scribe through oversight, is completed in ten lines. The eleventh 
and twelfth lines bear the acrostic nobw (yasn b> 89p 1AaD9 OATWw 
1139). 

7 (fol. 4a). A hymn beginning ont nbpna nw odsix. It 
consists of three stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The first 
three lines are divided into two hemistichs which are in alphabetic 
order. Thus six letters of the alphabet are disposed of in every stanza. 
The fourth lines are verses from Ps. 136. We reach as far as ¥. 

8 (4b). A hymn headed mx, and beginning 1875 OwmTp 


om nya. It consists of two stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. 


124 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


The alternate lines begin with nw1p, and this hymn, though of a dif- 


ferent structure, completes the alphabet of the preceding. 


9 (ibid.). A hymn headed nox, and beginning nyo) Sve yw. 
It consists of seven stanzas, each having six lines. Each stanza is 
divided into two parts: one part having four rhyming lines, and the 
other having two rhyming lines. The second words of the first three 
lines are in alphabetic order, n not being represented. The fourth 
lines are verses form Judges 5. The second parts bear the acrostic 
pin moow. The last word of the first part is repeated at the beginning 
of the second; but this word is disregarded in the acrostic. The seven 
stanzas begin yw), TY, NDTN, Mra, 7WDND 7°, Wow, and 1ON’AN, res- 
pectively (Exodus 15). See the following hymn. 


10 (6a). A hymn headed mons nox, and beginning rams yw 
by. It consists of seven stanzas which begin with ywr, ty, monn, 
PDS MID), 7399 °D, 1yow, and isN’an (Exodus 15), like the preceding 
hymn which it resembles in structure. Each stanza is divided into 
two parts: the first part consists of four rhyming lines, while the 
second has two rhyming lines. The first three lines of every stanza 
are in alphabetic order, the above-mentioned opening words being 
disregarded. The fourth line is a verse or phrase from Exodus 15. 
The second parts in the first six stanzas bear the acrostic }2>1y (pro- 
bably indentical with mow of the preceding hymn). The second part 
of the last stanza begins with n, thus completing the alphabet. 


11 (fol. 7a). A hymn headed noms nox, and beginning 7xD18 
niin by oT uml mw. It consists of seven stanzas, each having four 
rhyming lines. The first three lines in every stanza are in alphabetic 
order, the fourth line being a verse from II Samuel 22. w and n 
are not represented, as the third line of the seventh stanza begins 
with bq. 

12 (fol. 8a). A hymn headed nox, and beginning nx “NN 
maa. It consists of three stanzas and three refrains. Each stanza 
has four rhyming lines and is in alphabetic order. The refrains begin 
with 72WN7 TTY, Tw aw, and medw maw, respectively; the first 
and the third refrains contain four rhyming lines each, while the second 
has four lines. We reach as far as }. In the last line of the third 
refrain we ought to read MYND MANS 119, instead of MINN MYND. 


13 (fol. 8b). A hymn headed "In om naw Sy), and beginning 
VD" nb) Fmmsx. It consists of a stanza having four rhyming 


lines in alphabetic order and a refrain of twelve rhyming lines bearing 


LITURGY 5 


the acrostic 2"T729N FMDV. (See Neubauer and Cowley, Catalogue, vol. 
Be (OSes 2 L127 lope oO Oem sooaul aol 6.0d): 

14 (fol. 9a). A hymn headed 1339p »”*, and beginning obynn mR 
op. It consists of a stanza having four rhyming lines and a refrain 
of twenty-one rhyming lines. The first eight lines of the refrain bear 
the acrostic wy (two lines being devoted to each letter, wy and 5 being 
actually repeated twice), and the following seven lines have "3n7T725n. 

15 (fol. 10a). A hymn beginning nbn dita pin yor. Three 
stanzas, each having four rhyming lines in alphabetic order, reach as 
far as 9, and are followed by a number of biblical verses. Then comes 
a stanza of four rhyming lines which does not count in the alphabetic 
order. After the heading }19 the alphabetic order is resumed. In 
twelve rhyming lines the letters ¥5yDI9 are repeated twice. The 
alphabetic arrangement is once more interrupted by biblical verses and 
a stanza of four rhyming lines. After the heading 7’n» follow twelve 
rhyming lines which complete the alphabet, each letter being repeated 
twice. The first eight lines contain besides 7p the acrostic }wy in a 
peculiar way: between the first and second p there are y and between 
the first and second 4 there are |}. Biblical verses follow once more. 

16 (fol. 12a). A hymn headed mnninad yous wwy mew or. It 
contains four stanzas unequal in the number of their lines. 

17 (12b). A prayer beginning NN TNX Ny 7DN) AWS nya. It 
contains six stanzas unequal in the number of their lines. 

18 (fol. 13a). A hymn headed wy wom mn> wbw oir. It 
consists of four stanzas and a refrain. Every stanza contains four 
rhyming lines. The first three lines are in alphabetic order, while the 
third is a verse from Exodus 14. We thus reach as far as >. All stan- 
zas except the first begin with AMD and a number which do not count 
in the alphabetic order. The refrain contains six rhyming lines. 

19 (14a). A hymn beginning W271 Joy 7193 ANWw Amr. It is 
obviously incomplete. For it seems that every stanza contained four 
rhyming lines, and two letters of the alphabet were disposed of in every 
stanza. Thus in the first stanza & and 23 are represented, two lines 
being devoted to each letter. Then follows a refrain of four rhyming 
lines. After the refrain come two stanzas which contain pipy. These 
stanzas are followed by another refrain of four rhyming lines. 

20 (fol. 14b). A hymn beginning 1772728 °7193.°22 Ns (see Davidson, 
JQOR., New Series, I, p. 110). In its present form this hymn is frag- 
mentary, although no leaves are missing. It was probably abridged 


before it was incorporated in the ritual. There is sufficient reason to 


126 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


assume that it originally consisted of at least eleven stanzas and a 
similar number of refrains. Each stanza contained four rhyming lines, 
while each refrain contained eight rhyming lines. In the stanza the 
alternate lines were in alphabetic order, two letters being disposed of 
in every stanza. The fourth line was a biblical verse or part thereof. 
In this codex two stanzas and three refrains are preserved, two refrains 
following each other without a stanza between them. We thus 
only reach as far as 4. Every refrain begins with pyyn np. The 
second stanza is the same as that of No. 252,1, apy orpn [x> 725] 
may, and the refrain which follows that stanza in that codex is 
identical with the one which is placed after stanza 1 of this codex. 
The refrain Symp” pysn m9 (which is shorter than that of codex No. 
252) is placed here after the second stanza and is followed by another 
beginning *»y Tya pyxn mp. This is the end of fol. 15b. 

21. A strip of paper is inserted here, and its writing is sidewise. 
Recto has a hymn beginning »)7y bmi aE. It contains three stanzas 
and a refrain, each having three rhyming lines. The first two lines 
of every stanza are in alphabetic order, each letter being repeated 
twice, while the third line is a verse, or part thereof, from Exodus 
14 and 15. 

Verso has only one line mdin Pus jn? ‘WNT MIN. 

22 (fol. 16a). A hymn beginning 7wpn 195 wwe 8. It consists 
of three stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The alternate lines 
are in alphabetic order, and we thus reach as far as }. 

The words '11) ’a's are placed after this hymn. This evidently 
refers to 21. 

23 (ibid.). A hymn beginning o'nweN 7 nor. It has a stanza 
and a refrain, and is identical with that of codex No. 252, 18.) Some 
of the lines of that codex are corrupt, and should be corrected in ac- 
cordance with this codex. 

24 (fol. 16b). A hymn beginning moved o> ovnone. The same 
as codex 252, 3. But we only reach as far as ¥ which is followed 
by the refrain ody 75x nyw nx i ayn. 

25 (fol. 17a). A hymn beginning ax 45 ipys’ yaya opr. 
The same as No. 252, 4. But the present copy is more accurate, for 
in that copy } is missing. 

26 (fol. 17b). A hymn headed ‘1 "> 5x Ipyy, and beginning 
mavn mp *ny aad nx (see Davidson, JOR., New Series, I, p. 110). 
Identical with No. 252, 5. It isno doubt fragmentary. In that codex 


we reach as far as 1, while here we have one more stanza containing 


LITURGY 127 


mand}. The letters between) and and the remainder of the alphabet 
after ] are missing also in this codex. There is also a refrain beginning 
MyYwWIs AX Wo and containing twelve rhyming lines. 

27 (fol. 18b). A hymn headed 799 2237 78") JD), and begin- 
ning AMD) (?a9n) Ten AWA ATW. On the two sides of the heading 
there is, written by another hand, mn we axd9 saw ind. It is frag- 
mentary, and probably consisted of eleven stanzas. We have two 
stanzas and a refrain. Each stanza has four rhyming lines. The 
alternate lines are in alphabetic order, and we have yoi9. Then fol- 
lows a refrain of six rhyming lines. 

28 (fol. 19a). A hymn headed 75D 729 FDS, and beginning ])18& 
mw xb inat. The heading may mean that the author was a certain 
Joseph, or that the melody is the same as a hymn beginning 719 *)DY 
mp, 9 standing for ind. We have here a stanza of four rhyming lines 
and a refrain of eight short rhyming lines. The alternate lines of the 
stanza are in alphabetic order. We only have & and 3. 

29 (ibid.). A hymn beginning tom xb wry nor. It consists 
of two stanzas and a refrain. Each stanza has three rhyming lines. 
The first two lines are in alphabetic order, while the third is a biblical 
verse. We thus reach as faras“4. The refrain has six rhyming lines. 

30 (fol. 19b). A hymn headed °n¥s8y FIs TY jDI), and beginning 
MWY] DN WS [YM opin. There is one stanza here which contains 
four rhyming lines. The alternate lines are in alphabetic order, and 
we have here 39 (unless the paitan merely refers to the Manna). It 
is followed by a refrain of six rhyming lines. 

31 (zbid.). A hymn headed jos jos pyxn no. It contains 
eighteen rhyming lines. 

32 (fol. 20b). A hymn headed nawm 03d jm" 1D Wh, and begin- 
ning Naw 7Dw wr. It consists of thirty-two lines which are in alpha- 
betic order and end with naw. 

33 (fol. 21a). A composition in rhymed prose on Sabbath. It 
begins yy¥ yoo on Ayd amin or. 

34 (fol. 21b). A short composition headed 51x, and beginning 
ms onat mwboy dind. 

35 (fol. 22a). A hymn headed nm yow Swhw, and beginning 
MN pin anp yow mn. It contains eight rhyming lines. If we 
disregard the first word (°71), we get the acrostic ]In moo in the first 
seven lines. The last line is Proverbs 1.5. 

36 (ibid.). A hymn headed 1xY, and beginning 11773 Jyow PK. 
It probably consisted of eleven stanzas and a refrain, each containing 


128 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


three rhyming lines. The first two lines in every stanza are in alpha- 
betic order, two letters being disposed of in every stanza, while the 
third line is a sentence or phrase from Exodus 18. The refrain was 
placed after every third stanza. This codex has five complete stanzas 
and a refrain, as well as the first line of the sixth stanza which is od)25 
yp Sapa. As the verses of Exodus 18 are given in order, there is no 
doubt that the third line of the sixth stanza was °"” 8°x17 °D. 
Twenty-two paper leaves, forming one fascicle which is tied 
together by a string. Size 52X33 ins. (=13.7X9.5 cm.). Number 
of lines on each page ranges from twelve to fourteen. Oriental square 


character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Adler.] 


254 


Part of a piyyut based on Canticles and probably read on Passover. 
The first legible stanza begins mt AyINA NAT Tw wiap>. Each stanza 
begins with the last word of the preceding. 

Two paper leaves, measuring 534; ins. (=14.610.3 cm.). 
Number of lines ranges from thirteen to fourteen to a page. Oriental 


cursive character. [U. P.] 


255 
Part of Ibn Gebirol’s Azharot. 


Recto contains the last sixteen lines of the positive precepts, 
beginning with ADD) 18 nD NOY NBT mI. The bottom of the page 
has on. Verso is headed nwyn xb myo, and covers the first seventeen 
lines (till payin wand mandy a). 

Instead of An” this fragment has 4m (ninth line from the end 
of positive precepts). 

One paper leaf, badly damaged and mutilated, measuring 83x 
6 ins. (=22X15.3 cm.). There are sixteen lines to a page (two lines 
of verso contain each two lines of the text). Square character with a 
slight tendency to cursiveness. 

This leaf probably belongs to the same codex as No. 256. The 
writing and the method, as well as the appearance of the paper, seem 


to be identical, though this fragment contains less lines to a page. 
{Lederer. | 


256 


Part of Ibn Gebirol’s Azgharot. 
Fol. 1a begins with tmw npn xd (instead of xd) of the printed 


LITURGY 129 


edition; stanza 28 of the negative precepts), and fol. 2b ends with 
oat nny 7A (stanza 65). 

There are a number of variants. Thus jnn N9) instead of prin xdy 
(stanza 32); mond for DIX (stanza 60); myn for ANDO (stanza 65). 
The order of the stanzas differs in some cases from that of the printed 
editions. 

The short lines of each stanza are divided, two on each line of the 
manuscript. The first line of each stanza is marked by three dots 
(+: ). Thirty-eight stanzas have been preserved (9 on fol. 1a; 94 on 
1b; 94 on 2a; 10 on 2b). 

Two paper leaves, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle, measuring 
8462 ins. (=21.6X15.5 cm.). Number of lines ranges from eighteen 
to twenty to a page. Square character with a slight tendency to 
cursiveness. This fragment perhaps belongs to the same codex as 
INon-255., |Amram,| 


257 


Part of Ibn Gebirol’s Azharot. 

Recto begins with moam para mop boy x1 (stanza 111 of the 
negative precepts), and verso ends with S5pn1 2D), (stanza.131). 

The lines of each stanza are divided into hemistichs, a stanza oc- 
cupying two lines of the manuscript. Hence twenty-two stanzas have 
been preserved. 

The order of the stanzas is different from that of the printed 
editions. 

There are some important variants, as bia’ xd soy for xb som 
bya (stanza 122). 

One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 813 X53 ins. (=22.3 
14.6 cm.). There are twenty-two lines to a page. Oriental cursive 


character, with vowel-points. [Amrem.] 


258 


Part of a piyyut on the laws of Tabernacles, modelled after Ibn 
Gebirol’s Azharot for Pentecost. Each stanza consists of four short 
lines, the first three of which rhyme with one another, while the fourth 


of all stanzas rhymes ino. 


Each line begins with one short syllable 
followed by five long ones. The following stanza may be taken as an 
example of the style: 

bxnwa ab by NIT WINN) 

oy oO po yao adidm 


130 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


It cannot be ascertained whether it ever formed part of the liturgy 
of the synagogue. 
: Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, measuring 7453 
ins. (=19X14 cm.). There are fourteen lines to a page. Square 


character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


259 


Part of a collection of liturgic poems for Pentecost. 

1 (fol. la). A hymn which probably had twelve stanzas, each 
having four rhyming lines. It was based on the ten commandments, 
and was obviously composed for Tabernacles. Each of the first ten 
stanzas ends with a commandment, the fourth line beginning with 
‘32. (=71272) followed by a number. The last two stanzas describe 
the giving of the Law at mount Sinai. This page begins with the third 
line of the eighth stanza which is arb pt nn Np dip ny oT 
ann xd ‘pw ‘272. 

2 (ibid.). A hymn headed o°251Nm), and beginning *3yo” 7 
M7DDA Mow) o'nND. It contains two stanzas, having five and four 
rhyming lines, respectively. Both end with biblical verses. 

3 (fol. 1b). A hymn headed nbv, and beginning we nxt Dp 
ony asi nbds. It consists of eight stanzas, each having four rhyming 
lines. The second words in the first three lines (in some cases two words 
which may be joined by a makkef are regarded as one) are in alphabetic 
order. The last line of every stanza except the last is a sentence from 
Psalm 29 beginning with bp. The last stanza has n and, perhaps, 
[hon. 

4 (fol. 2a). A hymn headed naw by, and beginning a 78 0°D 
mand ypa ts. It consists of three stanzas, each having four rhyming 
lines. The second words and in some cases also the third words bear 
the acrostic Pop vara arydy. 

5 (fol. 2b). A hymn headed JADA DnYD 'I7 ANN yNo ‘1p, and 
beginning 1D99N0 yrxo bxdb onatER wa Tw. It consists of five stanzas, 
each having four rhyming lines. Every line begins with a word from 
Cant. 1. The second words in the first three lines are in alphabetic 
order. The third line is a sentence from Prov. 8, except in the last 
two stanzas. Inthe fourth stanza we reach as far as ¥. The remaining 
stanza is not in the alphabetic scheme. A hymn by this paitan is found 
in the Bodleian Library. See Neubauer and Cowley, Catalogue, 2714 
8f. 


LITURGY 131 


Two parchment leaves, measuring 443 54 ins. (=12.5 14 cm.). 
Number of lines on each page ranges from fourteen to sixteen. Oriental 


square character. [Adler.] 


260 


Part of a collection of piyyutim for Pentecost. 

Recto begins with the latter part of a piyyut which seems to be 
based on the Ten Commandments. This is followed by another 
headed noanx, which begins with 777n yoDA *nns, and is preserved in 
its entirety. It consists of twelve stanzas arranged alphabetically. 
Each stanza has three lines, the first two of which rhyme with 
one another, while the third line is moa * Sip, or 79Ma 7” bip alter- 
nately. Two letters of the alphabet are disposed of in each stanza. 
The letters w and n are repeated twice. Verso ends with the first line 
of a piyyut headed (?)mip> -mx, which begins oy anpa mdxdxx. 

One paper leaf, damaged and faded, measuring 7454 ins. (=19 
13.3 cm.). Recto has nineteen lines, while verso has eighteen. 


Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


261 


Part of a collection of piyyutim for Pentecost. 

Two paper leaves, badly torn and faded, measuring 6,5; 51 ins. 
(=16.1X13.3 cm.). Number of lines ranges from seventeen to 
eighteen to a page. Square character with a slight tendency to cur- 


siveness; vocalized. [Amram.] 


262 


Fragment of a poem, in Jewish-Arabic, enumerating the 613 
precepts (Azharot). The poem was probably divided into twenty-two 
sections, each having one of the letters of the alphabet as a rhyme. 
Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and fol. 2a. Each line con- 
tains a full verse, that is to say, two hemistichs. All the verses on 
fol. 1 rhyme in 5, while those on fol. 2 have D as rhyme. This seems 
to point to the supposition stated above that the author went through 
the entire alphabet in this way. 

The number of verses devoted to a precept is not always the same; 
but the majority of precepts are disposed of in one verse each. The gist 
of each precept is given in Hebrew on the right-hand margin. Our 


fragment contains thirty-three precepts, which are as follows: 


How GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


Fol. la: yui MIM WI NWI. VITP) mad WY sn MOS 4 
(AA VID yw msl nw smbdpy MONI OND Sap OVO. a te Von 
wrpnd moy. 

Fol. 1b: mrmap p09 sorlah asbon) jpn mn. 

Fol. 2a: no>s; pas oP naapm saws nbnw jaa 0°o> sm om 
oan npar smbra. 

Fol. 2b: *rw mop mvy> jaon conn wea Anw> joabn sypa 
>v po op> jamp>D or nwyo... ;wloln folw nps’ sorosyn naw 
Ota) WSveMe oa avi Nantsplt ID ate. 

The metre of this poem is Wafir, anda good many of the lines will 
have to be emended accordingly. 

In the language as well as in the orthography there is an attempt 
to imitate classical Arabic. Nevertheless there are such spellings 
as nby = ,ic, and wb =4)- 

Some of the words are vocalized, the Tiberian system, as a rule, 
being used. The pronunciation, however, indicated by the vowels, 
is not classical, and in many cases the scribe displays ignorance of 
elementary rules of Arabic grammar. Thus he has: °D DIp?N yrsxa 
DN2v>N ANT, Systematically a dagesh lene is used in nD 79. A 


short slanting line above the letter is used to indicate 4%; -; 3; 
. Xe 

£3 5; 3 (to differentiate it from 5); while —.2 is represented by x. 

5 is usually written w In some cases a dagesh forte is written for 


a Tashdid. Thus DNDYIN = Loa! 
Two parchment leaves, measuring 644 X74 ins. (=17 18.4 cm.). 
Number of lines on each page of fol. 1 is sixteen, while fol. 2 has seven- 


teen lines on each page. Ordinary square character. [Adler.] 


263 


Fragment of a poem, in Jewish-Arabic, enumerating the 613 precepts 
(Azharot). It seems that this poem was constructed in the same way 
as No. 262. It was divided into twenty-two sections, each having 
one of the letters of the alphabet as a rhyme. The writing of this 
fragment is continuous, and when a verse ends in the middle of the 
line, the following verse begins on the same line. A colon marks the 
end of a verse. The way the fragment is folded all verses on fol. 1 
rhyme in 3, while those in fol. 2 have 7. as rhyme. It thus appears 
that the author adopted the reverse order of the alphabet known as 
pwn. But there is sufficient reason to doubt whether we have here 


the original folding. The passages are not continuous, and whichever 


LITURGY 133 


way we fold the sheet, some leaves are missing in the middle. Fol. 2, 
however, gives, for the most part, a description of the building of 
the Tabernacle and the making of the holy vessels, while fol. 1 contains 
numerous levitical precepts. It is natural to assume that the author 
dealt first with Exodus and then with Leviticus, and it is thus better 
to refold the sheet. 

The fragment is badly damaged and a few lines are torn off. It 
is thus impossible to state with certainty how many precepts it contains: 
Moreover there is no indication when a precept begins, and it is hard 
to ascertain the method of the author’s enumeration. 

The metre of this poem is Khafif, but in many cases emendations 
will be necessary in order to make the lines agree with this metre. 

Though the scansion requires the words to be read in classical 
fashion in the majority of cases, the orthography is vulgar or rather 
phonetic. Sometimes 9 of the definite article, when it is to be assimi- 
lated with the following letter, is entirely omitted. Thus ]NV18 = Ol pls 
1 and ° are often used to represent short wu and 17, respectively, 
ee 
(metre demands the reading dbula); syN=U); NTND=J5ls. As a 


a6 .y40L Vinstance, | 135) = m5 WIY= 205 3 = 
Ci ress 


rule no diacritical marks are used. Only 1 is a few times 
represented by 0, and —.% by ¥. One word is vocalized in a peculiar 
way, and doubtless represents the vulgar Arabic pronunciation in 
Tiberian vowels. It is THIN = yl) (the vocalization would 
suggest j\.J}). 

The following line may be given as a specimen of the metre: 

]NTIN TPN °D NAPAN NMS PAT ANIA 7D Ma IN 

5 eee rage rae Pe as Oe ee SL 

Two parchment leaves, measuring 61X54 ins. (=15.5X14 cm.). 
Number of lines on each page of fol. 1 is nineteen, while fol. 2 
has eighteen lines on each page. Oriental square character with a 


tendency to cursiveness. [Friedenwald.| 


264 


Part of a collection of dirges for the ninth of Ab. 

1 (recto, 1.1) The latter part of a dirgein alphabetic order. This 
fragment begins with the middle of y. Each stanza consists of several 
short lines, all of which, except the last, rhyme with one another, while 


all the last lines rhyme in jp. 


134 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


2 (ibid., 1. 15). A dirge, beginning DD°MAKx wy 7D, in the reverse 
order of the alphabet. The refrain precedes the stanzas. Each stanza 
begins with 99, which is not counted in the acrostic scheme. Each 
stanza has several short lines, all of which, except the last, rhyme with 
one another, while all the last lines rhyme in n3. Then stanza begins 
wD TN noon D>. At the end of verso we reach to the end of the 
letter 3. 

A piece of parchment, damaged, measuring 77X53 ins. (=20 
14.6 cm.). There are twenty-one lines toa page. Square character. 


[Sulzberger.] 
265 


Part of a collection of piyyutim, probably for the tenth of Tebeth. 

1 (fol. la, 1.6). A Kinah beginning nt Sp ’arya 8 (Luzzatto, 
Mahzor Roma, I, 74, and other places marked by Davidson) and con- 
sisting of six stanzas. Each stanza has four rhyming lines in alpha- 
betic order. w and nm are repeated twice. 

2 (fol. 3a, 1.1). A Kinah beginning MmnX¥ ’NDDRN. 

Four paper leaves, faded in many places, forming a small fascicle. 
Size 4X27 ins. (=10.1X7.3 cm.). Number of lines ranges from nine 
to ten to a page. Square character with a slight tendency to cursive- 


ness; vocalized inaccurately. [Amram.] 


266 


Part of a collection of Kinot for the Ninth of Ab. 

This fragment has also, in its entirety, an alphabetic Kinah 
headed ') WIDDN net Sy(?), and beginning MINPN) WH) 79.3 “Dax. It 
describes the martyrdom of the Tannaim, like the famous Kinah 7148 
pada. It consists of ten stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. 
In the first eight stanzas two letters of the alphabet are disposed of 
in each stanza, some letters being repeated twice. In the last two 
stanzas all the lines, except the fourth, are in alphabetic order. After 
some stanzas there is the word mb°5 which seems to be’the part 


of a refrain. 


Two paper leaves, damaged and faded, forming the inner sheet 
of a fascicle. Size 54314 ins. (=13.xX9.4 cm.). Number of lines 
ranges from twelve to fifteen. Square character with a strong tendency 
to cursiveness. The writing on fol. 2 is larger than that on fol. 1, 


but the leaves are continuous and by the same hand. [Amram.] 


wr 


LITURGY he 


267 
Probably part of a collection of Kinot for the Ninth of Ab. 


Fol. ta has ten lines in a large square hand with a tendency to 
cursiveness. It seems to be the middle portion of a Kinah, and the 
poet attributes the following words to Jeremiah: ]73 (NS pn 7s 
MPP FY uN MIP Jy AD yDba-- aN. Fol. 1b, which has thir- 
teen lines, and 2a, which has six lines, the lower half being blank, 
are in cursive character, but the writing is faded. The few phrases 
that are still legible would lead one to assume that this, too, is part of 
a Kinah. Fol. 2b is blank. 


Two paper leaves, damaged and faded, measuring 53X33 ins. 
(i—413>9.2,¢m.), Amram: | 3 


268 
Part of a collection of Kinot for the Ninth of Ab. 
Fol. 1 has the middle portion of a Kinah which consisted of at 


least twenty-two stanzas in alphabetic order. Each stanza has four 
short lines, the first three of which rhyme with one another, while all 
the fourth lines have a running rhyme Fy. Fol. 1a begins with the 
middle of the a stanza, which is followed by mpDN O°}, and fol. 1b 
ends with the » stanza. Fol. 2 seems to have a Kinah based on 


Lamentations. 


Two paper leaves, torn and faded, measuring 43 33 ins. (=12 
8.5 cm.). Number of lines preserved ranges from eight to ten. 


Bold square character; some of the words are vocalized. [Amram.]. 


269 


Part of a collection of Kinot. 


Fol. 1 has an alphabetic Kinah for the Eighteen Benedictions, 
headed 728 AYA, and beginning 7DDyM JAN ADS. It consists of seven 
stanzas (hence the title), with a refrain. Each stanza had six short 
rhyming lines, three of which are alternately in alphabetic order. 
The last stanza disposes of the last four letters of the alphabet. The 
refrain has four rhyming lines. 

Two paper leaves, the second of which is blank, measuring 63} X 
4% ins. (=15.5X11.5 cm.). There are seventeen lines to a page. 


Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


136 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


270 


Part of a collection of Kinot. 

Fol. 1b and 2a have some Kinot, one of which seems to have the 
refrain ToS 3) aapoN net by. Fol. 1a and 2b have been straightened 
out to form one page, and have some illegible words in Arabic characters. 

Two paper leaves, badly damaged, measuring 34X22 ins. (=8.8 
<7 cm.). Number of lines ranges from ten to eleven to a page. 


Oriental cursive hand. [Amram.] 


271 


Part of a collection of piyyutim for fast-days. 

1 (fol. 1, 1.1). A piyyut for the fast of Gedaliah. It consisted 
of at least twenty-two stanzas in alphabetic order, each having four 
rhyming lines. The first two lines of every stanza repeat a letter of 
the alphabet, while the remaining lines are prefaced by ‘wn ‘x3 
(= yawn osa),and may have been constructed onanother scheme. Fol. 
1a begins with the second half of the 3 stanza, and 1b ends with the first 
half of the). The third lines of the four stanzas spell out 70 (7709 [w] £4 
which could hardly be accidental. One of the Eighteen Benedictions is 
put after every stanza. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. 

2 (fol. 2a, 1.1). A piyyut consisting of more than twenty-two 
stanzas in alphabetic order, together with an acrostic of the author’s 
name. Each stanza has two rhyming lines, both beginning with the 
same letter of the alphabet. Fol. 2a begins with the y stanza, and the 
alphabet is completed on 2b. This is followed by a stanza beginning 
with », which seems to be part of the author’s name. 

Two paper leaves, damaged, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. 
Size 73 X48 ins. (=18.7X11.7 cm.). There are eleven lines to a page. 
Bold square character with a tendency to cursiveness. Sporadic 


vocalization in the Babylonian system. [Amram.] 


272 


Part of a prayer, to be inserted on fast-days in the Eighteen 
Benedictions, similar to 1139 of the Ashkenazic ritual, but more ela- 
borate. 

Recto has been vocalized by a later hand. 

One paper leaf, badly damaged, measuring 6351 ins. (=17.4X 


13.3 cm.). Recto has fifteen lines, while verso has seven, the lower 


LITURGY ity 


half being blank. Square character with a strong tendency to cur- 
siveness. [Amram.] 
273 

Part of a collection of liturgic poems for mourners. 

1 (fol. la). A prayer beginning 15° °9 Worn”? ON. It consists 
of seven stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The stanzas are 
in alphabetic order, and we reach as far as }. 

2 (ibid.). A prayer headed Sayd yw no73, and beginning ON 
1byD 1411. It consists of six stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. 
The lines are in alphabetic order, w and n being repeated. The 
first stanza, however, is incomplete, } and 7 having been erroneously 
omitted. 

3 (fol. 1b). A prayer beginning ody —x 73 ys. It consists 
of two stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The lines bear the 
acrostic pin arydn. 

4 (ibid.). A prayer headed minx, and beginning noxa bxd arasist 
It consists of six stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The lines 
are in alphabetic order, w and n being repeated. 

5 (fol. 2a). A hymn headed no mwp, and beginning Yow °nX 
yyy -ppw). It consists of four stanzas, each having four rhyming 
lines. The stanzas bear the acrostic pny’. 

6 (ibid.). A hymn headed mono and beginning py>s on oNdn 
nbiqan. It consists of two stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. 
The stanzas begin with » and x, perhaps part of 7X». 

7 (fol. 2b). A hymn headed mbnn, and beginning ‘wx DINN DIN 
din. It consists of six stanzas, each having three rhyming lines. The 
lines of the first stanza bear the acrostic "28, while the following four 
stanzas bear the acrostic VND. 

8 (ibid.). A dirge headed $5 mons o8 .ooN [12 by Arp IND 
mowin, and beginning 7p INY TDOD wy. Four stanzas, each having 
four rhyming lines, and part of the fifth are preserved here. The third 
line of the second stanza is corrupt, and is corrected on the margin. 

Two parchment leaves, measuring 63 *4,% ins. (=17.4X11.5 cm.). 
Number of lines on each page ranges from twenty-one to twenty-two. 


Oriental square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Adler.] 


274 
It seems to contain fragments of piyyutim or dirges. 
The last two lines of fol. 2b read: prem wen jinn mex rand pin 
Va's'yn. See Mann’s Jews of Egypt, II, 101. 


138 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


Two paper leaves, badly damaged, measuring 53X34 ins. (=13.7 
8.8 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twelve to fourteen to a page. 
Large square character with a tendency to cursiveness. Fol. la is 


vocalized. [Amram.] 


275 


A collection of liturgic poems. 

Fol. 1 is headed mnaw mom ios) mwy? >” OWS. 

1 (fol. la). A long hymn having twenty-three stanzas. Each 
stanza is composed of eight lines which are divided into two groups 
of four lines each; the lines in each group rhyme with one another. 
The stanzas, with the exception of the last, are in alphabetic order, 
and every line in a stanza begins with the same letter. Each letter 
of the alphabet is thus repeated eight times. The eight lines of the 
twenty-third stanza bear the acrostic ]727 pny” (see Zunz, 284, 720). 
The hymn begins spipd NSN (a variant 7’Ty is written above the line) 
panna, and ends yom) yor Dbiyd "> /a. 

2 (fol. 4b). A hymn headed $"xr prpbs nonobs ond anni yp. 
It begins onnx nya o> pny max on AD. Although the prayer is 
in prose, it has certain restrictive features. Thus on fol. 5a he praises 
God, arranging the words in the reverse order of the alphabet: 77ssnn 
ATO a ann spmbnna. On fol. 6a he enumerates God’s attri- 
butes in a double alphabet: ‘1D) p’oNT Vann. On the same page he 
describes the effect of God’s ways over all created things, and the 
objects are arranged alphabetically: opran by myn xm yugt by 
ND) x7 om. Instead of tom by read bin Sy. On fol. 6b there is an 
explanation of the ten divine names: “wv Dx; onbsx; mms AWS ON; 
pabon °2bn 750; wp; mms yous (?)ow; 77; meas; m; yoy dx. 
This prayer ends on fol. 8b. See Halper, Post-Biblical Hebrew Lit- 
erature, vol. I, pp. 33-36. 

Fol..9 is headed myo mnaw *”? awa. 

3 (fol. 9a). A Selihah beginning OYA 7TY NNN (a variant OVS 
is written above the line; this is a better reading, as the next line ends 
with nvm). It consists of seven stanzas, each having four rhyming 
lines. The first three lines in every stanza are in alphabetic order, 
the fourth commencing with ptxa. Thus in the seven stanzas all letters 
except y are disposed of. In these seven stanzas forgiveness is asked 
on account of the merits of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, the twelve tribes, 
Moses, Aaron, and Phineas. See Aleppo Mahzor, No. 690. 

4 (ibid.). A Selihah beginning "ny jaw ox inns. It consists 


of ten stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The stanzas are in 


LITURGY 139 


alphabetic order, and we thus reach as far as’. The fourth line in 
each stanza ends with a biblical verse. 

5 (fol. 10a). A Selihah beginning 1x Wax Jow by une. It 
consists of seven stanzas, etch having four rhyming lines. The lines 
are in alphabetic order, the alphabet being completed in the middle 
of the sixth stanza. The five following lines bear the acrostic 712! 
(see Zunz, 168, 257). The last line is Dorm NOD by awy dx. 

6 (ibid.). A Selihah beginning on mod 4ow moms om aN. 
It consists of seven stanzas, each having two rhyming lines. Every 
stanza begins with opm ax. The word following this phrase is al- 
ways a verb in the imperfect first person singular. The radical letters 
of these verbs in the first six stanzas bear the acrostic pin nd’. 

7 (fol. 10b). A Selihah beginning xan b> by pay ans. It con- 
sists of six stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. 

8 (ibid.). A Selihah beginning 7>?77N3 15D) mnww’r. It consists - 
of eleven stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The alternate lines 
are in alphabetic order, and two letters are disposed of in every stanza. 
t is omitted, and 1 is repeated. The fourth line in every stanza 
begins with mb and is a biblical verse. Each succeeding stanza begins 


with the word with which the preceding one concludes. 


9 (fol. 11b). A Selihah headed 7175, and beginning nwRd DK 
NOX NN Aaya AWS TWIT AwITpS MwInDI nwap. It consists of seven 
stanzas, each having four long rhyming lines. The first three lines of 
every stanza are in alphabetic order, the fourth being a biblical verse. 
In the last stanza the fourth line is also in alphabetic order. 

10 (fol. 12a). A Selihah beginning AD YN °xy vNyA IDR. It 
consists of twenty-two stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The 
stanzas are in alphabetic order. There is a number of scribal errors 
in this Selihah, some of which have been corrected by a later hand. 

11 (fol. 13b). A Selihah beginning (!)"Mpnn mpd wDI 7? °K. 
(Cowley and Neubauer, vol. II, 2722 1c). This line ends fol. 13b, and 
the same words are repeated in fol. 14a, but instead of the erroneous 
>9NDnn we have 77’nNn. It probably consisted of twenty-two stanzas, 
each having four lines. The first three lines rhymed with one another, 
while the fourth lines of all stanzas had a common rhyme (19-). The 
stanzas were in alphabetic order. But in our codex this Selihah is 
corrupt. Thus the stanza which begins with } is entirely omitted in 
the text, and is added by a later hand on the margin. Only eight 
stanzas (including ) of the margin) are left, and we reach as far as 9, 


a few stanzas obviously having been run into one. It ends odiy> »"'3 


140 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


(ON) JOx. The Bodleian fragment of this Selihah was published by B. 
Lewin in *}10Dnn, vol. II, p. 49. 

12 (fol. 14b). A Selihah headed -yq$, and beginning $x nbs 
yw py mwyn Ss cywpo rain. It consists of twenty-two long lines, 
rhyming with one another, and is in alphabetic order. At the end of 
this Selihah there is an Arabic word nip (it 1s completed). See 71) 
o>win’, vol. Il, p. 22a. 

13 (fol. 15a). A hymn beginning obi ona $55 pep Jina. It 
consists of twenty-three lines rhyming with one another. Every line, 
except the twenty-third, begins with 7172 followed by a Piel or Hifil 
participle. The radicals of these participles are in alphabetic order. 
The last line is Psalm 98.3, combined with Psalm 89.53. 

14 (fol. 15b). A prayer beginning -nexp *anpa ombs oD by Nba 
yaad myn moray. It has forty-two short lines, all rhyming with one 
another. (See x7391n TIM, II, p. 1, and other places marked by Da- 
vidson. 8 is to be inserted before 7x.) 

15 (fol. 16a). A reply from God beginning noi °bs van and 
*oy na. It has nineteen short lines all rhyming with one another. 

16 (fol. 16b). A prayer beginning py) ’wDI3 MXY MVR TIN TY 
nn. It has about seventy-five lines of unequal length, allrhyming 
with one another. 

17 (fol. 18a). A prayer beginning max nya Iwi ‘mn Ox mpr 
(not identical with Zunz, p. 338. See, however, ya myo, No. 71, and 
other places marked by Davidson). It contains twenty lines of unequal 
length, all rhyming with one another. It ends with Psalm 7.7 and 
89.53. 

18-23. (fol. 18b). A series of six hymns based on Psalms 120-125. 
They are headed mbynn twa mban bapn mo5355nn. This, however, 
may belong to end of poem. Each hymn begins with oy, and the word 
which follows it isinalphabetic order. Thus ,*n¥xo07,’ns207, efc. For) 
in the sixth hymn he uses m7, disregarding 7 which is not of the root. 
The number of stanzas in these hymns is 8, 8, 9, 7, 8, 8, respectively. 
Each stanza has four rhyming lines. The first stanza in each hymn 
bears the acrostic DY in an irregular manner. The remaining stanzas 
are arranged alphabetically. Three letters are disposed of in each 
stanza, the fourth line being a verse from the particular psalm on 
which the hymn is based. The author is Joseph b. Isaac Ibn Abitor. 
See Halper, Post-Biblical Hebrew Literature, vol. I, pp. 41-48. 

18. Its first stanza is *bypom -ywp noo cyan ands 4>9m5 ones or 
yay cmsap °> mmoxa Ss oyppan asap mbyon wa crrdn bx. 


LITURGY 141 


In the text we only reach as far as x; but wp and probably n is added 
on the margin; the end is torn off. All the verses of Psalm 120 are 
used up for the first seven stanzas, the rhyme in each case is the same 
as the last words of the verses. 

19. Its first stanza is Ds) ywp ns nbpi vaxy cpyw qam> ons op 
ary wD pro orn bs ory xwx van cpnsap mbyom wa moy> yon. 
Obviously the same as Zunz, p. 179. As there are eight stanzas in 
this hymn and a corresponding number of verses in Psalm 121, a verse 
is employed in each stanza. w and n are disposed of in one line (nSnyw 
baipn). 

20. Its first stanza is y°dD ms aw 45m $7 oy Jina qonind one or 
> oamiea cnnow 750 qnsap mbyon wwa 7551 (read na) nno boa 
th ”> ma. Obviously the same as Zunz, p. 179, though offering 
some important variants. The hymn he describes has only seven 
stanzas, and reaches as far as ¥, whereas the present copy has nine 
stanzas, completing the alphabet and repeating n three times. The 
nine stanzas are evidently occasioned by the fact that Psalm 122 has 
nine verses. The end of stanza a and the whole of stanza 3 are written 
on the margin. 

21. Its first stanza is 5Nb5 my? cPehatie iw htassfa) Ss fatter aha) Mg cian! dah 
yavym ory ms cnxwi pos ons a> cnzaw mbyon wwa mors onynnd 
o’pwa. As Psalm 123 only has four verses, verse 2 is divided into three 
parts and verse 4 into two parts, hence this hymn has seven stanzas, 
NYaAPSDY are represented in one stanza. End of stanza 5 and begin- 
ning of stanza 6 are written on the margin. 

22. Its first stanza is (nmyD Sax oc ywo Famwd> cnpsen oo” 
mo sib (read Syn) Sos 7>5m5 mbyon awa ds bo by on bs dp 
Synw x2 tow 15 mm. There is a stanza for every verse of Psalm 
124. w and n are represented in one line (ON)NnN nynw). 

23, Its first stanza is q>u>p nbwp avin qow oya 7>xbp mom or 
pio? xd PS IAD" OMIA awpm —pnSip mbyon wa awn bx op 
ay obdiys. As Psalm 125 has only five verses, the paitan found it 
necessary to divide verses 2, 3,and 5 into two parts, and he thus ob- 
tains biblical sentences for eight stanzas. w and nN are represented 
in one line (b>wn bay). 

24 (fol. 21a). A Selihah headed y's jran byprmd, and beginning 
nme vin>*D) cndos ond. It consists of eleven stanzas, each having 
four rhyming lines. Each stanza is divided into two parts; the first 
part always begins with ms and the second with mN7. The lines 
following these words are in alphabetic order, and thus two letters of 


142 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


the alphabet are disposed of in every stanza. The fourth line of 
every stanza is a verse from Psalms. The Selihah ends with Psalm 
89.53. 

25 (fol. 2b). A prayer beginning ws b> cnn MIT DDN ON 
Inyya. It consists of twenty-two rhyming lines, in alphabetic order. 
It ends with Psalm 89.53. 

26 (fol. 22a). A hymn beginning 7D’NN Tw obwx. It consists 
of seven stanzas each having four short lines. The entire hymn rhymes 
in m0—. The lines are in alphabetic order, and the fourth line in 
each stanza is the refrain nowim $> pa Sonn. Thus three letters of 
the alphabet are disposed of in every stanza; in the last stanza n 
is placed before the refrain and hence nis represented. On the margin 
of fol. 22a is Psalm 150.6. 

27 (fol. 22b). A hymn headed nyvwb5 nay, and beginning 
sb 37373 JANws. It consists of twenty-two rhyming lines. It ends 
with Psalm 120.1. 

28 (fol. 22b). A hymn headed naw, and beginning *n7rm °77K% 
pobnnn vyn cum 4311p. It consists of nine stanzas, each having four 
rhyming lines. It is based on Psalm 103. (Comp. 18-23 of this codex.) 
The phraseology is borrowed from that Psalm. The first three lines 
of every stanza are in alphabetic order, and the fourth is a verse of that 
Psalm. The entire alphabet is disposed of, and then follows slightly 
irregularly the acrostic pin VDD (see Zunz, p. 496). It ends with 
Psalm 89.53, 

29 (fol. 23b). A Selihah beginning *yrrum mond onxs ox cobs 
mn. It consists of eleven stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. 
Every stanza begins with 08 °n9x, which do not count in the alphabetic 
arrangement. ‘The first two lines in every stanza are in alphabetic 
order, and thus all the letters are disposed of in the eleven stanzas. 
The third lines bear the acrostic np’ j2 11y>x, while the fourth line in 
each case is a verse from Psalms beginning with by. In the eleventh 
stanza the third line begins with 131 4710n which is obviously intended 
for [p]rn. 

30 (fol. 24a). A hymn beginning wa) mn 7S owa NwE. It is 
based on Psalm 23, and consists of eight stanzas, each having four 
rhyming lines. It is probably corrupt. For it seems to have been con- 
structed in alphabetic order, three letters to be disposed of in every 
stanza. This arrangement holds good for the first two stanzas. But 
the third stanza begins with » instead of . Thustandn are missing, 


unless we count these letters irregularly. The fourth line in every 


LITURGY 143 


stanza is a verse of Psalm 23. The author is Solomon of Barcelona(?), 
for the seventh stanza has 19MM FIONA WA Bom xo md naw 
ND-yM ...0 JAND ...ap1p? my. 

31 (fol. 24b). A hymn headed am ADVd. It is based on Psalm 
126, and is a continuation of the series of six hymns mentioned above 
(18-23 of this codex). The first letter after OV is 1. Only two and a 
half stanzas are preserved here. For at this point the third fascicle 
ends. Its first stanza is 5mm) yop &2 NW IVY SD pa 4o7 conor OL) 
ws naw ns awa yy qsops mbyon wa qriw. The author is 
Joseph Ibn Abitor. 

Now follow five leaves (25-29) by a different hand. The first three 
leaves belonged to this codex, while the other two are inserted from 
another. 

32 (fol. 25a). A hymn which evidently had twenty-two stanzas, 
each having three rhyming lines. It was arranged alphabetically, 
each letter of the alphabet being repeated three times. Our fragment 
begins with the middle of the sixth stanza: naw Sax> onno -naw DD. 

33 (fol. 26a). A hymn whose first stanza is -odvy om>x 7NDN 
pbiyn mm toxw Jina ody ax’ mpxva. It consists of twenty-two 
stanzas, each having three rhyming lines. The stanzas are in alpha- 
betic order, w being omitted. The third line in every stanza, except 
the last, begins with 4172. 

34 (fol. 28a). A hymn headed and yorn any, and beginning 
INP WIP NID -ywawn ora. It is obliterated in many places. 

35 (fol. 30a). A hymn headed 339977198 °0715 nay. The writing 
is the same as that of the first three fascicles. This hymn begins 
»4oS> wy aN. It has twelve stanzas, each consisting of four rhyming 
lines, and is in alphabetic order. Each letter of the alphabet is repeated 
twice, and the entire alphabet is disposed of in eleven stanzas. The 
twelfth line bears the acrostic ’D)._ (In the third line read n¥p instead 
of mp1.) 

36 (fol. 30b). A prayer beginning pin rpeyi) wslphtalelelyy vad he 
consists of ten stanzas, each having three rhyming lines. First lines 
in cach stanza are in alphabetic order, and reach as far as’; second lines 
bear the acrostic 7373 ]3 °w1 (in stanza 5 read 7’2 instead of AY’AN, 
and 7 after mp) of the third line in the last stanza completes the name). 
The third line in every stanza is a verse from Psalms beginning with 
mob. This prayer ends with Psalm 89.53. 

Now follow four leaves (31-34) from another codex. 

37 (fol. 31a). A hymn headed 75107 md ynn> mw, and be- 


144 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


ginning o’D1p° od: on od5on. It contains about twenty rhyming 
lines. 

38 (fol. 31b). A Selihah headed mAnaw pp 'r(!), and beginning 
sayin bs iynpix yx. It consists of seven stanzas, each having ten 
lines. Each stanza is divided into two parts: one part consisting 
of six rhyming lines and the other of four rhyming lines. The first 
parts are in alphabetic order, each letter being repeated consecutively 
six times. We thus reach as far as}. These parts always end with 
two names of Gentile tribes. The lines of the second part bear the 
acrostic 2 pin )Syi9 WDONM pms’ an (?)ja mwa. These parts end 
with two names of Hebrew tribes (v0) O'ADN supply the seventh 
stanza). 

Fol. 33a has one line of the preceding Selihah which is followed 
by the superscription moon and nypo. It comprises extracts from 
Berakot 56b-57a, but the arrangement of the Talmud is not followed. 
There isa number of variants. Thus we have 7Dx” MT jOw ANNAN 
and, while in Berakot 57a the reading is m7)n T1ND9. These extracts 
continue up to fol. 33b, 1.9. Then comes a discussion on the rules of 
the calendar, beginning noon 'I'7'n'2'5 mona oyy mo wrpd os 
‘n'y. This ends on fol. 34b. On the margin and bottom of that page 
there are six liturgic lines written by the same hand as the first three 
fascicles. The same writing continues as far as 39a. 

39 (fol. 35a). A hymn headed >2399729x °015 naw x, and begin- 
ning Nan) VsmD wus. It consists of seven stanzas, each having four 
rhyming lines. The lines are in alphabetic order, w and n being re- 
peated twice. Thus the alphabet is disposed of in six stanzas. The 
lines of the last stanza bear the acrostic °D’). 

40 (zbid.). A Selihah whose first stanza is 7S sbn0 593 10WS 
ope RUT ND TONd shehiake: ry. It consists of twenty-six stanzas, each 
having three short rhyming lines. The first lines of the stanzas are 
in alphabetic order. The last four stanzas bear the acrostic 71)>x. 
Very likely this Selihah is also by Nisi. 

41 (fol. 35b). A hymn beginning nnbS)> noms aIINa OvAY mmr. 
It consists of seven stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The 
lines are in alphabetic order, and the entire alphabet is disposed of 
in six stanzas, w and n being repeated twice. (The last line of the sixth 
stanza is slightly corrupt, and the words are to be re-arranged in order 
to place J7A4n first.) The seventh stanza bears the acrostic ’D’3. 

42 (fol. 36a). A Selihah beginning 192] OMTya ANA wDin. It 


consists of twelve stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The lines 


LITURGY 145 


are in the reverse order of the alphabet, each letter being repeated twice. 
The entire alphabet is disposed of in eleven stanzas, and stanza 12 
has the acrostic ’D°) (the first line of the last stanza is slightly corrupted, 
and we should read yNm 7IpIIN instead of FIpN) p7ANT). 

43 (fol. 36b). A prayer beginning yw xn cnabya psn. It 
consists of twenty-three stanzas, each having three rhyming lines. 
The first lines of each stanza are in the reverse order of the alphabet; 
the second lines bear the acrostic °M JNM] 1D MI72 ja wi. The 
seventeenth stanza appears to be spurious, asit repeats | unnecessarily, 
and yields the unusual spelling jn). ~The third lines in each stanza 
are biblical verses beginning with °>. The prayer ends with Psalm 
9.53. 

44 (fol. 37b). A prayer beginning minpa -waom xvn by. It 
consists of seven stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The lines 
are arranged alphabetically; the entire alphabet is disposed of in six 
stanzas, & and n being repeated twice. The last stanza bears the 
acrostic wy? . 

45 (fol. 38a). A prayer beginning Opt Aw) ONIDS Myra wpNn. 
It consists of seven stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The 
lines are in the reverse order of the alphabet. The entire alphabet 
is disposed of in six stanzas, & and 3 being repeated twice. The last 
stanza bears the acrostic °D’). 

46 (fol. 38b). A hymn beginning m420 yas man avy oom. It 
probably consisted of seven stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. 
The lines are in alphabetic order. We reach as far as w when fol. 38b 
finishes. Fol. 39a is no continuation of fol. 38b. But in view of the 
fact that all hymns on the last four leaves are by Nisi, it is quite likely 
that this one too is his composition, especially as he was fond of this 
sort of structure. The present hymn deals with the merits of Jacob. 

47 (fol. 39a). A hymn which consisted at least of forty-four 
stanzas, each having four rhyming lines. The stanzas are in alpha- 
betic order, two stanzas being devoted to each letter. This page be- 
gins with the middle of the second 5 stanza. The first ¥ stanza begins 
on) onbn xdi myxio ony. This page ends with the second w stanza. 
At the bottom of the page there are two lines, written in the opposite 
direction, which continue fol. 39b. 

It seems that when the scribe who copied the liturgic poems made up 
his fascicles, some of the pages were no longer blank. Had he used 
parchment, he might have scratched off the writing which was in his 


way. But as his material was paper, he was compelled to leave it 


146 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


alone. He, however, trimmed the leaves to make them of the same 
size as the others. 

Fol. 39b. A fragment of a halakic treatise, in Arabic, on the laws 
that govern the relationship between a tenant or field laborer (0°18; 
in this fragment it is spelt Dy; comp. Jastrow’s Dictionary, p. 1117b) 
and the land-owner. The passage '1D) (nT mxmo> ‘ox ony (Baba 
Mesi‘a 110a) is quoted. After remarking jonj 375 sp$m, the writer 
continues: (bDM=) PPM JX av VAD Sxx xom. It is perhaps Samuel 
b. Hofni’s n>qwbs oNonEN, part of which is found among the Genizah 
fragments at the Library of the Jewish Theological Seminary of 
America. 

Thirty-nine paper leaves, measuring 5,5; X37 ins. (=13.5X9.8 
cm.). The first twenty-four leaves form three fascicles of eight 
leaves each, and are written by the same hand. The remaining fifteen 
leaves are tied together as if they were one fascicle. Out of these 
fifteen leaves six do not belong to this codex, and are written by a 
different hand, while the other nine formed part of this codex, though 
they contain various kinds of writing. This fascicle had ten leaves, 
one of which is torn off, a narrow strip still remaining of it. Five and 
a half leaves of this fascicle are written in the same hand as the other 
three fascicles, three leaves have a bolder character, while the last page 
is written in the direction opposite to that of the remainder of the codex. 
The traces left on the narrow strip of this fascicle are of the same 
writing as this last page. The leaves that have been inserted from 
another book have two kinds of writing: leaves 28 and 29 form one 
group, and leaves 31, 32, 33, and 34 form another. Leaves 31 and 32 
are split. The number of lines on each page ranges from sixteen to 
twenty-two. Oriental square character with a distinct tendency to 


cursiveness. [Adler.] 


276 


Part of a prayer in fluent Hebrew with an Arabic translation 
which follows every paragraph. One of the paragraphs begins 
nym. on say> any ny Soa any), and the Arabic translation is 2105) 
Ode °D aNMIdN aNd |. Sy mys. 


The style of the Hebrew as well as the Arabic is like Sa‘adya’s. 
See Rosenberg, Kobes, II, pp. 74, seq. 


Two paper leaves, badly damaged and torn, forming the inner 
sheet of a fascicle. Size 7453 ins. (=19X13.3 cm.). Number of 


LITURGY 147 


lines ranges from sixteen to seventeen to a page. Square character 


with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


277 


Part of a collection of dirges, probably for burial service. 

1 (fol. 1). The greater portion of a dirge which consisted of at 
least twenty-two stanzas in alphabetic order. It also has a refrain 
beginning *}1D. Each stanza has four rhyming lines, the last of which 
is a biblical quotation, chiefly from Ecclesiastes 12. 1-7. The first 
legible words belong to the t stanza, and 1b ends with 9. The jp stanza, 
which is one of the few still preserved, reads 

oTyo pwynr mp5 www dip 
mr Poyap yyty Fo 
p20 Inve amNd1 Inve D>) 
OapIOT pwa (!)aao1 


Is it by Joseph as the following? 

2 (fol. 2). The greater part of a dirge by Joseph Ibn Abitor (?). 
Its structure is similar to that of the preceding. Each stanza has four 
rhyming lines, the last of which is a biblical verse. Towards the end 
more than one letter is disposed of in a stanza. The first legible 
words belong to the A stanza. The last two stanzas repeat the name 
FD), the second of which reads: 


Uw PIX °D-"?onyTD 

Suav nbn. may TDN) 
Symp yawn dy mptsn naw 
Hawa TDN FIT prsn yynd 


3 (fol. 2, last line). The first stanza of a dirge headed “nx, and 
beginning av” YN ly wir. 

Two paper leaves, faded and the upper part torn off, measuring 
77X54 ins. (=20X14 cm.). About sixteen fragmentary lines -have 
been preserved to a page. Square character with a strong tendency 


to cursiveness. Sporadically vocalized. [Amram.] 


278 


Part of a collection of piyyutim. 
1 (la, 11). A piyyut headed 771, and consisting of twelve 
stanzas, each having three short rhyming lines, the third of which is 


a biblical verse. The first stanza begins 179¥ (wa) m4, and the following 


148 ’ GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


ten are in alphabetic order. We reach as far as ’, and the last stanza 
begins with 727. See min °nDw, p. 141, and other places marked by 
Davidson. 

2 (1b, 1.3). A piyyut by Judah ha-Levi headed nonx, and 
beginning *»y Jnyw io) new Tron. (Brody’s edition, III, p. 197.) 

3 (2a, 1.1). A piyyut by Moses Ibn Ezra, headed Ny ja mw, 
and beginning Pwwirratt yp vert. It has four stanzas, the last three 
of which spell out Two. See min °nDw, p. 75a, and other places mark- 
ed by Davidson. 

4 (2b, 1.1). A piyyut beginning "NY 7X MS MAD 5 op by 
Isaac Ibn Ghayyat. It consists of five stanzas, each having short lines, 
the first few of which rhyme with one another, while the last lines 
have a running rhyme ’n. The first stanza spells out pny’ (...0”r 
pom. .. 118), while the first words of the other four stanzas are by, 
47, 78, and -npiwn. See min -npw, p. 174b, and other places marked 
by Davidson. At the top of the page there is some writing which 
seems to have been added by a later hand and looks like oanm wr. 

Two paper leaves, slightly faded, measuring 635 ins. (=16.4 
12.7 cm.). Number of lines to a page ranges from fourteen to 
twenty, written irregularly. Square character with a tendency to 
cursiveness. Though presumably by the same hand, the writing shows 


various styles. [Amram.] 
279 


Part of a collection of piyyutim. 

Fol. 2a is headed ‘on7 ‘nwa. 

1 (fol. 1, 1.2). A piyyut beginning ay IY. TP yw NAW })DDP 
mvny. by Moses b. ... It consists of eleven rhyming lines, the 
first five of which clearly spell out 72 Twp. There is faulty spelling 
in some cases, as nm) for xbor. This piyyut ends on fol. 1a, 1.6, 
where it says: bipbs Syd. This is followed by nonx; but the rest of 
the page is blank. Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. 

2 (fol. 2a, 1.1). End of a pityyut, which is scarcely legible. It 
seems to have various refrains like "? 197) and "> 1anw. 

3 (fol. 2a, 1.10). A piyyut by Abraham Ibn Ezra, headed m71N9 
Mrry ja om7axd, and beginning o'4¥ N7VDK (see Egers’ list). 

On the upper margin of fol. 2b some one tested his pen and wrote 
down obp mann. 

Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, forming the outer 
sheet of a fascicle. Size 533% ins. (=13.7X9.8 cm.). Number of 


VITURGY 149 


lines ranges from ten to fifteen. Square character with a tendency 


to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


280 


Part of a collection of piyyutim. 

Fol. 1a has the end of a piyyut, which is followed by one by Judah 
ha-Levi, beginning *3797 °217°y (Brody’s edition, III, p. 182). It is 
headed m1, and has five stanzas bearing the acrostic A717. Each 
stanza has four lines; but in the case of the last four stanzas there is 
an additional line. 

Fol. 1b has another piyyut by Judah ha-Levi, beginning nod 
Join win AMpX (Brody’s edition, vol. III, p. 304). It is headed 
sion md), and has five stanzas with the acrostic m7. Only the first 
two and a half stanzas have been preserved. Some leaves are missing 
between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter is the last leaf of a collection of 
Selihot, and has two and a half long stanzas. 

Two paper leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, measuring 
64X52 ins. (=16.4X13 cm.). Number of lines ranges from sixteen 
to twenty-four to a page, except fol. 2b which has only five lines, the 


rest being blank. Cursive character. [U. P.] 


281 


Part of a collection of piyyutim. 

1 (fol. la 1.2). <A piyyut by Judah ha-Levi headed Dist ireremh acd 
and beginning °"ny °D? "NY! yay (Harkavy’s edition, vol. II, p. 20; 
Brody’s edition, vol. III, p. 20). 

2 (fol. 1b). A piyyut beginning 77 "orm. 

Fol. 2 is blank. 

Two paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, measuring 63 X44 
ins. (=17.4X10.4 cm.). There are eighteen lines to a page. Square 


character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


282 


Jewish-Arabic translation of Judah ha-Levi’s poem 4193 °p (Zunz, 
p. 204). Every page is headed ranybxa api) toy 

Each verse is headed by the first word of the Hebrew. As in the 
original, each stanza has four lines, the first three of which rhyme 
with one another, while the fourth lines of all stanzas have 19 (classical 
Arabic would require m5; but this translation is a mixture of classical 


and vulgar Arabic). 


150 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


Stanza 61 in the printed edition begins with jnin which is wrong, 
as this is the ’ stanza, although the Bible has }min. The translation 
of this paragraph is correctly headed jm. Stanzas 43 (beginning 
nbw) and 79 (beginning o°7 3Wwa)) are missing in this manuscript by 
mistake; they are essential parts of the structure of the poem. 

The top of fol. 4a has O13(?) pny 

A small fascicle of six paper leaves, slightly damaged. Size 67% 
4,5 ins. (=16.3X10.9 cm.). There are twenty-four lines to a page. 
Yemenite cursive character, except the first Arabic word of each para- 


graph which is in a bold square hand. [Amram.] 


283 


Recto has a -pityyut by R. Isaac, headed pny ‘ob mans, and be- 
ginning ombapn qra bs pa [?]. It consists of four stanzas whose 
initial words spell out pny’. There seems to be also a refrain Ox Ww? 02. 

Verso has another piyyut headed “ns bp (the word bip is used in its 
Arabic sense J 48), and beginning mbm apa x) we can o>ya, 
by Abraham Ibn Ezra (Egers’ edition, No. 192). 

A piece of paper, badly damaged and faded, measuring 63 X5 ins. 
(=16.4X12.7 cm.). There seem to have been about fifteen lines to 
a page. Square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. 


[Amram | 
284 


Part of a collection of piyyutim for New Moon occurring on the 
Sabbath. 

1. Fol. la begins with the middle of an alphabetic piyyut. Each 
stanza consists of three rhyming lines, the last of which is a sentence 
from Psalms. Two letters of the alphabet are disposed of in each 
stanza. 

In addition to the alphabetic stanza there seems to have been a 
refrain containing the author’s name (pny’?). This fragment begins 
with the end of the refrain(?), which is followed by the stanza begin- 
ning with 1. This piyyut as preserved here reaches only as far as > 

2 (fol. la, 1.10). A piyyut headed j51x, and beginning with 1m 
oO’ "1¥. It is alphabetic in structure, consisting of seven stanzas. 
Each stanza contains three rhyming lines, and disposes of three letters 
of the alphabet. The last stanza has four lines. In addition, the 
refrain has the name pnx’, and reads: wv ON. Mow mio. ea 
M297) (DISA ANID IIA .733I7s8 oa WIT. 


LITURGY 14 


3. (fol. 1b, 1.14). A piyyut beginning o'2) ‘pw jawd FJrax, and 
based on Ezek. 46 and other biblical verses. It consists of eight stan- 
zas, and a similar number of refrains. Each stanza consists of four 
rhyming lines, the first three of which are in alphabetic order, while 
the last is a biblical verse. Each refrain has two rhyming lines, the 
second of which is a biblical verse. The refrain begins with the last 
word or phrase of the stanza. The first refrain seems to contain the 
name pny’. 

The second half of fol. 2b has a few stray stanzas. 

This fragment seems to belong to a very old form of liturgy. 

Two continuous paper leaves, measuring 5;% <4 ins. (=14.3 10.2 
cm.). Number of lines on a page ranges from twenty-one to twenty- 
three. Small square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. 


{Lederer. | 


285 


The first leaf of a collection of piyyutim. 

Recto, which seems to be the title-page, has, in square character, 
the following: o”’n py pS MD D’YIT MDA TyD 1aN 77> mNdo UNTTN 
ay mio pam [olon7 [ajaz7 yom $bsnw ya Sa am. This Abu 
Sa‘d b. Israel was probably the owner of the copy, which was specially 
prepared for him by the scribe and dedicated to him. The margins 
have some scribbling in Arabic character. 

Verso has the beginning of a piyyut by Ezekiel ha-Kohen, begin- 
ning pyp> an ort) oO”. The first eight lines have been preserved, 
all of which rhyme in 0), and spell out 37 Sypin. The general title 
namin) mop UNTAN is repeated at the top of the page 

One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 625 ins. (=16.8 
12.7 cm.). Verso has eleven lines. Bold character; sporadic 


vocalization. [Amram.] 


286 


Part of a collection of piyyutim for fast-days. 

Recto begins with the middle of a piyyut which probably con- 
tained eighten stanzas, based on the Eighteen Benedictions, a stanza 
for each benediction. The structure is alphabetic, of a complicated 
nature. Each stanza consists of four rhyming lines, followed by a 
benediction. The first lines of each stanza is a sentence from Psalm 
102; lines 2 and 3 repeat one letter of the alphabet; the last lines form 
the acrostic of the author’s name. This fragment begins with the 
seventh stanza, which is 97 7ipwy ...ny ont 2nd Six onn>w 7D 


152 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


/./§8 apm von dx orn yoo. .tyer) onpyt 20ndd>. The last 
lines of the preserved stanzas spell out 7A fJa[N3] Sw (the last stanza 
contains the last five letters of the alphabet, but not part of the author’s 
name). The suggestion may be hazarded that the paitan is Samuel, 
as the first six stanzas probably contained 7 Dxipw (see above 252,8). 
This is followed by a piyyut headed vawa nwibw miynd n>, and begin- 
ning 9b>7 1D Jonins. Only a few lines have been preserved. The 
continuation is found in No. 287. The writing is faded, but it is certain 
that the structure of this piyyut was similar to that of the preceding. 
On this fast see Mann, The Jews of Egypt, etc., vol. II, p. 34. 

One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 7453 ins. 
(=18X14.2 cm.). Number of lines to a page is twenty. Oriental 
square character with a tendency to cursiveness. Some words are 
vocalized. This fragment belongs to the same codex as No. 287, which 
is its continuation. [Lederer]. 

287 

Part of a collection of piyyutim. 

1 (fol. la, 1.1). A piyyut consisting of eighteen stanzas, based 
upon Psalm 30 and the Eighteen Benedictions, by Samuel the Third. 
Each stanza consists of four rhyming lines, the first of which is a verse 
from Psalm 30, and at the end there is one of the Eighteen Benedictions. 
After the Psalm verse follow two lines beginning with the same letter 
of the alphabet, and the fourth lines form an acrostic of the author’s 
name. This fragment begins with the second stanza. Despite the bad 
condition of the manuscript, the following initial letters of the fourth 
lines of the first seventeen stanzas are more or less distinct Dx.p. 
mana wbwn, and it is obvious that the missing letters are w and }. 
The first sixteen letters of the alphabet are repeated twice, but 5 and 
¥ are disposed of in stanza 17, and the rest in stanza 18. This fragment 
has preserved seventeen stanzas. The first stanza is found in No. 286. 

2 (fol. 2a, 1.10). A piyyut beginning oD 77w Ndp IVD dK. It 
consists of twenty-two stanzas in alphabetic order, each having two 
rhyming lines. 

3 (fol. 2b, 1.18). The first seven lines of a piyyut beginning 
Tome) ands aIDIKN (?)7>n. It had at least twenty-two rhyming lines 
in alphabetic order. 

Two paper leaves, badly damaged, forming the inner sheet of a 
fascicle. Size 733,58 ins. (=18.2 13 cm.). Number of lines ranges 
from nineteen to twenty-one. Square character with a strong tendency 


to cursiveness. Some of the words are vocalized. This fragment 


LITURGY 153 


belongs to the same codex as No. 286 with which it is continuous. 
[Amram. ] 
288 

Part of a piyyut. 

Five complete stanzas and the last two words of another have 
been preserved. Each stanza begins with om>x, and consists of three 
short lines, the first two of which rhyme with one another, while all 
the third lines have a running rhyme 7¥. This piyyut was probably 
alphabetic, and also contained the author’s name, one letter being dis- 
posed of in each stanza immediately after the word O79 which was 
not counted. The five stanzas preserved in this fragment have the 
letters p35, which may be the remnant of [F)D}) j2 Sisinow]. The fact 
that one of the stanzas begins with vaam od» proves that the author 
had some such scheme. 

A line seems to be missing in the ? stanza. 

One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 7454 ins. (=19 
X14 cm.). There are seven lines to a page. Bold square character, 


with vowel-points. [Amram.] 


289 


Part of a collection of piyyutim. 

Recto has the last part of an alphabetic piyyut. The last four 
lines (from p to n) have been preserved. This is followed by a piyyut 
headed nbir, and beginning tyx 17w'T ODN by Samuel (see No. 290, 2). 
The exact number of stanzas cannot be ascertained. Each stanza 
consists of four rhyming lines, the first three of which are in alphabetic 
order, while the fourth is a verse of consolation from Isaiah. Each 
stanza is followed by a kind of refrain consisting of two rhyming lines, 
the second of which is also a biblical verse of consolation from Isaiah. 
In seven stanzas the entire alphabet, except n, which seems to have 
been omitted, is disposed of. Then follow two stanzas of five rhyming 
lines each, spelling out twice: Ssipw. The page ends with the & line 
of the second stanza. 

One paper leaf, slightly faded, measuring 634 X42 ins. (=16.4X11 
cm.). Number of lines ranges from nineteen to twenty. Square 


character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


290 


Part of a collection of piyyutim. 
1 (recto, 1.1). The latter part of a piyyut. Each stanza consists 


154 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


of four rhyming lines, the first two of which are in alphabetic order. 
This piyyut has been preserved from » to the end. 

2 (verso, 1.3). A piyyut headed ’nox(?), and beginning 0°)10x 
[ny]x iw. It is identical with the one of fragment No. 289. We 
reach as far as D. 

One paper leaf, damaged and faded measuring 54X33 ins. (=14 
<9.5 cm.). Number of lines ranges from seventeen to eighteen. 


Square character; most of the words are vocalized. [Amram.] 


291 


Part of a collection of piyyutim for Md "MN. 

Recto has only two lines which read: $spn mo -am8 nwnD 
y|1w Ia yaa wmpd (that is, attributed to Perahiah ha-Kohen b. 
Tarfon). The leaf must have been considerably longer, as verso has 
the latter part of a piyyut by Perahiah; for,in spite of the bad condition 
of the fragment, the acrostic 7m75 can still be traced. This corro- 
borates the statement of recto. The’5 line begins 97 yirnra Dyn. 
This is followed by another piyyut by Joseph Ibn Abitor(?), headed 
FDS "nsx, and beginning JINN) PWRI WS WS 7. Hardly anything 
more can be deciphered. The first line evidently spelt out the author’s 
name, as the word 77D after a dot is still legible. This must have 
been the third line 

One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, measuring 6 X53 ins. 
(=15.2 14.6 cm.). Only thirteen lines have been preserved on verso. 


Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


292 


Part of a collection of piyyutim based on the various Sidras of 
the Pentateuch. 

All the piyyutim seem to be constructed on more or less the same 
plan. As not one of them has been preserved in its entirety, the num- 
ber of stanzas cannot be ascertained. Each stanza consists of three 
rhyming lines, the first two of which are in the alphabetic or acrostic 
scheme, while the third is a quotation from the particular Sidra. The 
author’s name seems to be Solomon, which was skilfully interwoven 
at regular intervals. This name does not occur in full in a single 
piyyut preserved in this fragment, but a >w stanza is found after ™ 
in No. 6, and 79 in No. 5. It is likely that none of the piyyutim 


contained the complete alphabet. 


LITURGY LoD 


1 (fol. 1). The last part of a piyyut based on smbyna. 

2 (ibid.). A piyyut headed 45 nbw, and beginning (?) ywr> one. 

3 (1b). A piyyut headed mp np», and beginning ywra pxd wie 
anv. Only the first three stanzas (from & to 1) have been preserved, 
as some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a. 

4 (fol. 2a). The last part of a piyyut on mvp. 

5 (ibid.). A piyyut headed ‘yon mds, and beginning PAX "INS 
Ss xd) oon. 

6 (fol. 2b, 1.7). A piyyut headed oat The, and beginning 
7an N7pI7 yo. The fragment ends with the 3-5 stanza. 

The author probably composed piyyutim on theentire Pentateuch. 

Two paper leaves, badly damaged, forming the outer sheet of a 
fascicle. Size 533;3 3% ins. (=13.18.3 cm.). There are seventeen 
lines to a page. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness; 


sporadically vocalized. [Amram.] 


293 


The first leaf of a collection of piyyutim. 

Recto seems to be the title-page which has, in bold square charac- 
ten) Janos aU eo o mp’. It also has, probably by a latter hand, 
the first verses of Genesis, Joshua, and 1 Chronicles, as well as Isaiah 
37.26; 44.3. Verso has a piyyut headed °D>3xb, and beginning °D18 
mat mvyx opmbs. It consisted of at least twenty-two stanzas in 
alphabetic order, each having four rhyming lines. The first word of 
every stanza is "D)8, and at the end there is one of the Eighteen Be- 
nedictions. This fragment reaches as far as 7. 

One paper leaf, the writing on which has almost entirely faded. 
Size 45% X42 ins. (=11.5X11.7 cm.). Verso has eleven lines. Square 
character. [Amram.] 

294 

A piyyut by Isaac Kanzi, headed ‘pm ‘nwa, and beginning with 
Ww WS PR M3 2 7H’. This piyyut consists of eleven stanzas, 
spelling out prim °nD pny’. Each stanza has six short lines, the first 
three of which rhyme with one another, while the other three rhyme 
with the refrain, which is the last line of the first stanza. 

One paper leaf, badly damaged, measuring 1183 ins. (=27.9X 
22.2 cm.). Recto has nineteen lines in square character with a ten- 
dency to cursiveness, while verso, which is blank, has some words in a 
clear Arabic hand, which were obviously meant to be a test in penman- 


ship. [Amram.] 


156 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


295 


Part of a collection of piyyutim. 

1 (recto). The last two stanzas of a piyyut whose refrain is 
yma uy. Each stanza consists of six short lines, the first four of 
which rhyme with one another, while the last two have the running 
rhyme 0"), The stanzas were probably constructed upon an acrostic 
scheme. These two stanzas are o7, which is perhaps the remnant of 
om ax. Is Abraham Ibn Ezra the author? The 7 stanza begins with 
D7y D2 awpT. 

2 (verso). The first two stanzas of a piyyut headed bip, and 
beginning *2~1 Jay 1% pri arm. The next stanza begins with 722 71x 
NlaD 1D ma. It is therefore probable that the author’s name was 
Isaac. The first stanza has seven short lines, the first five of which 
rhyme with one another, while the last two have a running rhyme 79. 
The second stanza consists of five lines, the first four of which rhyme 
with one another. 

One paper leaf, slightly torn, measuring 53 x4,4 ins. (=14.3 10.3 
cm.). Number of lines ranges from ten to twelve to a page. Square 


character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


296 


Part of a collection of piyyutim by various poets, notably by 
Israel b. Moses Najara. The piyyutim are numbered, and this frag- 
ment contains the last line of the third up to the end of the fifteenth 
of this collection. 

1 (fol. 1, 1.1). Last line of a piyyut: dyna > by swRED. 

2 (zbid., 1.3). A piyyut by Israel b. Moses Najara, headed '°D 
nwo ja Seow, and beginning no bai Joy Sy Jow adbyr. It consists 
of eight lines rhyming in n> and spelling out Twp ja bea (ox and ia 
are disposed of in two lines). 

3 (tbid., 1.13). A piyyut by Israel b. Moses Najara, headed '’p 
mw ja bsnw, and beginning ynnwx nya) cand ov ay ponm. It con- 
sists of eight short stanzas, each having two lines which rhyme alter- 
nately. These stanzas spell out Twp ja byw’ in the sane manner as 
in the preceding. The first rhyme is ’3, and the second 7}. 

4 (fol. 1b, 1.6). A short piyyut of eight rhyming lines, spelling 
out ovar, by Abtalion. It is headed wovas "Dp, and begins '7 79s 
MNax (see AI Vw, Leghorn, p. 44b, and other places marked by 
Davidson). 


LITURGY 15:7 


5 (ibid., 1.13). A piyyut by Abraham, headed of aN '°D, and 
beginning “5x1 Wx NIN. The first four lines seem to have the name 


om ax, but the a line is corrupt. 


6 (fol. 2a, 1.13). A short poem by Israel b. Moses Najara, headed 
yi, and beginning AAD 19D ADIN ATS WR M73 Tb’. See oop, 
No. 80. 


7 (fol. 2b, 1.12). A piyyut by Israel b. Moses Najara, headed 
mw) 72 Synw  p, and beginning ‘yD b> naw. It consists of nine 
short stanzas, each having two lines rhyming alternately in "2 and 
win. The stanzas spell out nw ja Seq (ja are disposed of in one 
stanza). See mnIp, No. 97. 


8 (2bid., 1.14). A piyyut by Israel b. Moses Najara, headed '’D 
nwo jn Sen, and beginning 55mm 45m amvn. See ornnw, No. 89. 


9 (fol. 3a, 1.11). A short poem by ywim, headed jiorp, and be- 
ginning byswa men noma mbw om. It consists of eight short lines 
rhyming alternately in 3 and OS. It is probably for the ceremony 
of circumcision. See mnob5 ow, No. 135, and other places marked 


by Davidson. 


10 (fol. 3b, 1.2). A piyyut by Isaac, headed pnx’ ""D, and begin- 
ning OY7D awa Dy Wy. It consists of four stanzas, each having two 
lines rhyming alternately in DY and DI?, The stanzas spell out pny’. 
It is identical with Zunz, p. 557, where it is O'My instead of "py; but 


Davidson records both readings. 


11 (2b¢d., 1.9). A piyyut headed }\[orp], and beginning .. adn» 
3nb1 Moxa. It consists of four stanzas, each having six short lines; 
the first three lines have one rhyme; lines 4 and 5 have another, while 
all the sixth lines rhyme in JT (except stanza 2, which has ]3). 
It seems to be by Israel b. Moses Najara, as the stanzas spell out 


Synw’, bs being disposed of in one stanza. 


12 (fol. 4a, 16). A piyyut by Israel b. Moses Najara, headed 
Synw Dp (beginning torn off). 


13 (fol. 4b, 1.3). A piyyut by Israel b. Moses Najara. headed 
‘200 Ss os ynd awn ya Syne %p, and beginning aban aim nnd my’. 


Four paper leaves, forming two consecutive sheets of a fascicle. 
Size 64 X44 ins. (=15.5X20.4 cm.). The leaves are numbered (1"’p, 
np, vp, D”p), and are headed 7aND Ono. There are seventeen 


lines to a page. Curious Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 


158 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


AAW 


Part of a collection of dirges, which do not seem to have been 
composed on the death of any particular person, but were to be chant- 
ed to well-known melodies at funerals. Thus the dirge on fol. 2b, 
beginning 72"S PIS bax, was chanted to the melody of 5x aD 7X 
(by Judah ha-Levi, Harkavy, I, p. 111). 

Fol. 1a has the last two stanzas of a dirge to be chanted at the 
death of a prominent man. Each stanza consists of four rhyming 
lines, the first three of which rhyme with one another, while the 
fourth line of all stanzas rhymes in prs. Then follows a dirge 
beginning INNA 7dD3 by, chanted to the melody of *an ov. Nearly 
three stanzas have been preserved. Each stanza consists of six 
lines, the first five of which rhyme with one another, while the 
sixth rhymes in iT}—, which is the rhyme of stanza 1. There is 
a refrain T4NDN bon ny mM 12w2 7M>°s%. Some leaves are missing 
between fol. 1b and 2a. The latter has the last two stanzas of 
a dirge with a refrain beginning py b>. Each stanza has six lines, 
some of which are divided into rhyming hemistichs. The first 
five lines rhyme with one another, while the sixth rhymes in 
v2—. Fol. 2b has the first two stanzas of a dirge beginning pry bax 
m>’x, to be chanted to the melody of 5x tap ms (Judah ha-Levi). 
The refrain is wand ny *ponT. 

Two paper leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle, and mea- 
suring 623 X5,, ins. (=17.3X12.9 cm.). Each page has eleven lines. 


Bold square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [U. P.] 


298 


Fragments of piyyutim which were probably based on the Eighteen 
Benedictions. The beginnings of two of them are still legible. 

1 (1b). A hymn headed yn, and beginning Wy D’nwAa AME. 

2 (2b). A hymn headed y>nn, and beginning 47 42 Sym opr. 

The structure of these hymns seems to be similar. Each hymn 
has twenty-two stanzas. In hymn 1 each stanza consists of three 
rhyming lines, the second of which is a biblical verse; while in hymn 
2 each stanza has only two lines. 

Two parchment leaves, badly damaged, measuring 37X42 ins. 
(=9.8X10.4 cm.). There seem to have been sixteen lines to a page. 


Square character. [Amram.] 


LITURGY 159 


299 


Part of a collection of poems for a wedding ceremony (or perhaps 
for the Rejoicing of the Law, the bridegroom being the MN jnn). 

1 (fol. la, 1.1). The second half of a poem, in Aramaic, in al- 
phabetic order. Every stanza is headed 'n’n. (Is it Man jnnN?). This 
page begins with the m line 77s) AMIN WN AVON. 

2 (la, 1.13). A poem, in Aramaic, headed mw  jy71n, and beginning 
sw) on Syd sort iny. There are seven stanzas, each having four 
rhyming lines. The alternate lines are in alphabetic order, and the 
poem ends with p. 

3 (1b, 1.7). A poem headed wim, and beginning 4372” tt ynN 
mm Sy pw jaw. It isin alphabetic order, the word }nnm not being counted, 
and consists of seven stanzas and a refrain. Each stanza has four 
rhyming lines, and disposes of two letters of the alphabet. The poem 
ends with the letter 3. 

4 (2a, 1.9). A poem, in Aramaic, headed }71n, and beginning 
Mo1703 °omnx. It contained at least twenty-two stanzas in alpha- 
betic order. Each stanza consists of four short rhyming lines. The 
5 stanza is missing, and the copyist left some blank space for it. Fol. 
2b ends with the first line of the ¥ stanza. 

Two parchment leaves, forming the inner sheet of a fascicle. 
Size 44X45 ins, (=11.4X10.3 cm.).. Number of lines ranges from 


seventeen to nineteen to a page. Clear square character. [Amram.] 


300 


Part of a collection of wedding poems. 

1 (fol. 1a, 1.1). The second half of a poem, which seems to have 
had twenty-two stanzas in alphabetic order with a refrain mow. This 
page begins with the » stanza 72°n3 Sy ano. Each stanza has six 
short rhyming:lines, the last of which is a biblical verse. 

2 (fol. 1b, 1.7). A poem headed ynn> ans, and beginning 75°»? 
M79_2) m4379D ATM. Its structure is identical with that of the pre- 
ceding, and it has the same refrain. In spite of the heading, it is like- 
ly that it is the continuation of 1. Only the first five stanzas have 
been preserved, from which it appears probable that the author is 
Jacun be-Rabbi Semah. Stanza 1 spells out 113°; stanza 2 AVA; stanzas 
3 and 4 repeat Mdx; stanza 5 has °’3°3. Only the first three or four 
lines are to be counted in the acrostic scheme. 

3 (2a, 1.1). The last seven stanzas of a poem, whose refrain 


160 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


began 12%” or ’a%1 by .... Kohen. Every stanza consists of four lines, 
the first three of which rhyme with one another, while the fourth 
lines have a running rhyme o’n. There must have been some acrostic 
scheme. The preserved stanzas ‘spell out TNA 77D. The first pre- 
served line is P77? 7 JAD. 

4 (2a, 1.13). A poem with a refrain aibbn. There must be at 
least twenty-two stanzas (the writing on fol. 2b is practically obliter- 
ated) in alphabetic order, each having two short lines. All the lines 
rhyme in 7. The first stanza is 7DI¥ 7M. man mb 1DID NOK. 

5 (2b, 1.18). The first few lines of a poem headed “nx, and be- 
ginning AN) NIN. 

Two paper leaves, torn and faded, forming the outer sheet of a 
fascicle. Size 7325.8 ins. (=19.7>13.5 cm.). Number of lines 
ranges from twenty to twenty-one. Square character with a ten- 


dency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


301 


Part of a collection of piyyutim, probably for yoni nav. 

1. The latter part of a hymn, the last stanza of which begins 
mana awa yx nad”. 

2 (la, 1.10). A hymn headed ]518, and beginning o729N VOM) 
oman nia. It consists of two parts, the first of which reaches as far 
as ), while the second has from D to n. The first has three stanzas of 
three lines each and two refrains used alternately. In the first 
four stanzas the lines are in alphabetic order (the first word 19m) not 
being counted) and rhyme with one another, while the fifth and sixth 
stanzas are devoted to 9 and }, respectively. The second part has two 
stanzas of four rhyming lines each, and the rest of the alphabet (nR—D) 
is thus disposed of. 

3 (1b, 1.18). A hymn headed noit, and beginning °D>n oy 
wb). It has many stanzas, the number of which, owing to the bad 
state of the manuscript, cannot be definitely determined. Each stanza 
has four rhyming lines, the first three of which are in alphabetic order, 
while the fourth is a biblical quotation. The last word is repeated, 
and two extra lines, one of which is biblical, are added. 

4 (3a, 1.11). A hymn headed nbv, and beginning 1310 15D on. 
It has numerous stanzas of four rhyming lines each. These lines are 
in alphabetic order. 


S (4a, 1.15). A hymn in alphabetic order, headed vom0 ]1NNN), 


BITURGY 161 


and beginning mn ws). Each stanza consists of two rhyming 
lines, followed alternately by the refrains > by jaMNN) and WM) WN). 

Four paper leaves, faded, forming a small fascicle. Size 63 X44 
ins. (=16.8X11.4 cm.). Number of lines ranges from eighteen to 
nineteen to a page. Square character with a strong tendency to cur- 


siveness. [Amram.|] 


302 


Part of a collection of liturgic hymns. 

Recto begins with the middle of a piyyut, in which every line be- 
gan with 4172 followed by a word in alphabetic order. This fragment 
begins with the > line, which reads 2p AWoN mp i129 yi12. There 
is a running rhyme 27, and the hymn ends on this page. Verso has 
another hymn headed maw and beginning boa xp noxw ansan xb 
ab. Every line begins with x> which is followed by a word whose 
root isin alphabetic order. All the lines seem to have the same rhyme. 
This page ends with the ’ line. Some words are vocalized. 

One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 43 X348 ins. (=12.4 
<9.9 cm.). Recto has fifteen lines, while verso has twelve. Square 


character. [Amram.| 


303 


A piyyut consisting of nine stanzas in alphabetic order. It is 
headed naw ‘nm wa, and begins “1p no7N DwsRoOD>S. Each stanza 
has four rhyming lines, the last of which is a biblical verse beginning 
with *"ws. We reach as far as the ¥ stanza. Verso also has some 
scribbling in Hebrew and Arabic. See min ‘nDw, Leghorn, 55a. 

One paper leaf, measuring 73 X53 ins. (=19.314.3 cm.). Recto 
has seventeen lines, while verso has only nine, the lower part being 


blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


304 


Part of a collection of piyyutim on dew(?) for the Eighteen 
Benedictions. 

1 (1a, 1.1). The greater part of a piyyut based on the Eighteen 
Benedictions and on biblical verses, mostly from Psalms. It seems 
to consist of eighteen stanzas (from & to ¥), each having two or three 
rhyming lines, the first of which is in alphabetic order, while the last 
is a biblical verse. Each stanza is followed by one of the Eighteen 
Benedictions. This fragment begins with the second line of the ? 
stanza followed by mbnnd mwn. 


162 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


2 (la, 1.16). A piyyut headed ‘) oy jn. The first line is torn 
off, and the second begins od5 mea. It is identical in structure 
with 1. 

3 (fol: 2a; 1.3).) TA piyyut headed O17, and beginning ies 
»pb 553. It seems to be based on Psalm 111, and its structure is the 
same as the preceding. (Not identical with Zunz, p. 223, No. 24.) 

4 (2b, 1.5). A piyyut beginning 14051 iwyan Ap DIM nyt. It is 
also based on the Eighteen Benedictions, but the first three are not 
included. There are fifteen lines, most of which rhyme in )}, cor- 
responding to the remaining fifteen benedictions. 

This fragment belongs to the same fascicle as No. 305, with which 
it is continuous. 

Two parchment leaves, damaged, forming the inner sheet of a 
fascicle. Size 4X33 ins. (=10.1X9°6 cm.). Number of lines ranges 
from sixteen to eighteen. Square character with a slight tendency to 


cursiveness. [Amram.] 


365 


Part of a collection of piyyutim for the Eighteen Benedictions. 

1 (la, 1.1). A piyyut consisting of eighteen stanzas (from & to 
x), each having three rhyming lines, the first of which is in alphabetic 
order, while the third is a biblical verse. This fragment begins with 
the a stanza, which is illegible. This is followed by 133 wapm irate 

2 (1b., 1.11). Fragment of a piyyut headed ‘a ov, which is prob- 
ably similar in structure to the preceding. The beginning is torn off, 
and this page ends with the first line of the t stanza bxynd F)/DD3 nb1 nN. 

Two leaves are missing between fol. 1b and 2a (insert No. 304). 

3 (2a, 1.1). A hymn of eighteen lines in alphabetic order, cor- 
responding to the Eighteen Benedictions, and rhyming in 1). It begins 
Mom nyt Feayn wa wap 4zbma ...npyna ia wary qayod px. 
It is thus similar to Zunz, 66, with which it may be identical, though 
it offers important variants. 

4 (2a, 1.11).- A piyyut consisting of fifteen stanzas, each having 
two short lines, the first of which is in alphabetic order (from 7 to x), 
corresponding to the last fifteen benedictions. It begins 109 7N7 nyo. 

5 (2b, 1.7). A piyyut which seems to be similar in structure to 
4. The first few words are torn off, and the } stanza begins nb°5m 
mivn xb. The fragment ends with the beginning of the 3 stanza. 

This fragment belongs to the same fascicle as No. 304, with which 


it is continuous. 


RITURGY Co 


Two parchment leaves, badly damaged by fire, forming the outer 
sheet of a fascicle. Size 4313 ins. (=10.1X9.6 cm.). Number of 
lines ranges from seventeen to eighteen. Square character with a 


slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


306 


Part of a collection of piyyutim. 

The first line of verso is bra “toy ov. Altogether five and a half 
couplets have been preserved. The first line of each couplet begins 
with 45 -wb3, while the second begins with °m7 4X. 

One paper leaf, measuring 723X535 ins. (=18.7X13.3 cm.). 
Recto has ten lines, while verso has only three, the rest of the page 


being blank. Large square character. [Amram.] 


307 


The first leaf of a collection of piyyutim. 


Recto is blank, except for a few letters scribbled on it by a later 
hand. Verso has the beginning of a piyyut by al-Sanjari. It is headed 
bry oasni0d5 nyfjaw ia...5. aoyn, and begins oyprd muna oN. 
It probably consisted of eight stanzas, each having four rhyming lines 
in alphabetic order. Four letters are disposed of in each stanza. 
This fragment reaches as far as the 0 line. Next page began with 
12a: 

One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded. Size 6443 ins. 
(=15.8X12 cm.). There seem to have been eleven lines to a page. 
Square character with a tendency to cursiveness; vocalized in a way 
slightly different from the Tiberian system, = being written 7. 
[Amram.] 


303 


Part of a long piyyut. There were at least twenty-two long stan- 
zas in alphabetic order. This fragment begins with the end of the t 


stanza, and ends with the first part of the 5 stanza. 
First words of recto are 1739 71. 


One paper leaf, badly damaged, measuring 7454 ins. (=19X14 
cm.). There are twenty lines to a page. Oriental cursive character. 


[U. P.] 


164 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


309 


Part of a collection of liturgic poems. 

1 (fol. 1a). The end of a Selihah. This page begins with 
nyow> yaw oD wmard) wawd 25nd. Only a stanza and a half are 
preserved here. The last stanza contains eight rhyming lines, and 
ends with 1p 1a Dy a3 Opin: 

2 (fol.1b). A hymn headed '5, and beginning m7 m>4y won DDN 
ynay> ax. It probably consisted of eleven stanzas, each having four 
awhyming lines. The alternate lines of each stanza are in alphabetic 
order. Only two stanzas are preserved here, and we reach as far as “1. 

Some leaves are missing between fol. 1b and fol. 2a. 

3 (fol. 2a, 1.1). The last line of a hymn which is Isaiah 1.19 
(with the exception of ON). 

4 (ibid., 1.3). A hymn headed '5, and beginning YOY DIN °WES 
% yow xb ox id nei od. It is one stanza having four rhyming lines. 

5 (ibid., 1. 7). A hymn headed '5, and beginning amYD) Tr. It 
is one stanza having six rhyming lines. 

6 (ibid., 1.10). A Selihah headed 275 ax '5, and beginning 
mnain yiowds wm xb ins. It contains two stanzas, each having four 
rhyming lines. The alternate lines are in alphabetic order, and 
reach as far as 7. 

7 (fol. 2b). A Selihah beginning M717w ny). It consists of nine 
rhyming lines. 

8 (ibid.,). A prayer headed '5,and beginning ‘DD DUNN IyOw 

as. Only four lines of this prayer are preserved. 

Two parchment leaves, measuring 544 44 ins. (=14.411.4 cm.). 
Fol. 1a has writing only on the upper half, while fol. 1b is covered with 
writing on the lower half. Nothing seems to have been erased. Num- 
ber of lines on fol. 2 is thirteen on each page. Oriental square char- 
acter. [Adler.] 

310 


It seems to be part of a prayer, describing the various festivals. 

One paper leaf slightly damaged, measuring 103 <7, ins. (=27.3 
<18:5-¢cm:); One side has twenty-three lines, while the other is 
blank. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. 
[Amram.] 


SII 


It seems to be part of a commentary on some piyyut. The writer 


explains the force of thirteen difficult and rare words which are em- 


CITURGY 165 


ployed in this piyyut, instead of easier synonyms, for the sake of 
effect. He justifies this usage by quotations from the Bible, as, for 
instance, the employment of 48 (Job 36.27) instead of wo and aAmbw 
(Deuteronomy 28.57) for ANA MA. 

A narrow strip of parchment, badly damaged and with a hole in 
the centre. Size 78213 ins. (=19.3X7.1 cm.). There are twenty- 
eight lines toa page. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. 
[Armam.] 


For other liturgic fragments see verso of No. 334. 


IV 
SE GUL ARS EO Elks. 


312 
A poem by Elhanan b. Shemariah, very likely the famous scholar 


of Kairuwan who lived towards the end of the tenth century and 
corresponded with the Geonim R. Sherira and his son R. Hai. Each 
line of the manuscript contains a complete verse. The poem thus 


contains sixty lines, all rhyming in o>. The first sixteen lines bear 


the acrostic of the author’s name i? nw °ayv3 ynby. The rest of 
the poem is arranged alphabetically, two verses for each letter of 
the alphabet, making up forty-four verses. The first line is 
DDD) TIN PHM MOSM SX OTN PWR. 

Some of the words are vocalized. Thus o aye, mp, apy. The 
orthography is mostly in accordance with the biblical Masorah, but is 
not consistent. The copyist has m$:nna and mpm; win and ny). 

Prof. Israel Davidson published this poem and annotated it in 
JQOR., New Series, IV, pp. 53-60. 

One leaf, measuring 113% 44 ins. (=29.4x11.4 cm.). Number 
of lines in recto is thirty-nine, while verso, whose lower half is blank, 


has twenty-one lines. Ordinary square character. [Adler.] 


313 

Part of Ibn Gebirol’s Diwan. 

Some lines of the poem ’;7] °s1pa AM) (Dukes’ edition, p. 1) 
are still legible in fol. 1b. Some leaves are apparently missing between 
tb and 2a. The latter begins with the end of a poem, the last line of 
which is 

soim jor Nw Rwy tad wea awn qep yt 
See Ha-Maggid, XVIII, p.278. The metre is Kamil. This is followed 
by a poem whose superscription is ay Sno sx md) and which begins 
bax (?) MOIN now MMs ON. 

Two paper leaves, the writing of which is almost entirely faded, 
forming the outer.sheet of a fascicle.. Size 714X575 ins. (=19X13.8 
cm.). There seem to be about twenty lines to a page. Square charac- 


ter with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 
166 


SECULAR POETRY 167 


314 


Part of Judah ha-Levi’s Diwan, with Jewish-Arabic superscrip- 
tions. 

i(fol. la, 1.1). The greater part of the poem moy3 4» 77n7 (Har- 
kavy, vol. I, p. 28; Brody, vol. II, p. 160). This fragment begins 
with 1.7 Jax msanm. There are some variants, as DOW) OD 1D 
bo by ovsy (1.37; see Halper, Post-Biblical Hebrew Literature, 
vol. I, pp. 84, 236). 

2(fol. 1, 1.13). A poem headed mranids mabe op adi, and beginn- 
ee paetav oes a a tlatkavy yal le Drodysnl bepaialy, 

The last line of fol. 1b is sid bno op xv md). Some leaves are 
missing between fol. 1b and 2a. 

3(fol. 2a, 1.1). The greater part of the poem beginning py ob 
(Harkavy, vol. II, p. 79; Brody, II, p. 218). This page begins with 
ee 

4(zbid., 1.20). A poem headed Rx°NX SND), The second hemi- 
stich of the first line is wy) ayia °b>m yr om. It consists of three 
lines. 

S(fol. 2b, 1.1). A poem headed...m2MDN pya mba, and_ begin- 
ning Opt aay 195 71279 (Harkavy, vol. I, p. 16; Brody, II, 164). 
The fragment ends with I. 21. 

Two paper leaves, badly damaged, forming the outer sheet of 
a fascicle. Size 8X52 ins. (=20.3X14.6 cm.). There are twenty- 
two lines to a page, each line being divided into hemistichs. Square 


character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


315 


Part of Judah ha-Levi’s(?) Diwan. 

1(fol. 1, 1.1). The latter end of a poem in the Kamil metre with 
the rhyme Jno. The first line of this page is wiam 7px °>m) ANN 
NON) Tyra Fywm. 

2(zbid., 1.13). A poem headed, in Arabic character, Las | one ia) 
and beginning nom 4n7 1bp "arp. It is in the Wafir metre. 

3(fol. 1b, 1.6). A poem headed, in Arabic character, ¢1}3 eee 
and beginning wx) my? yom ona. 

A(ibid., 1.9). A riddle headed yp 7aNND OD dq mm, and be- 
ginning FYYDy) py 43 ADA 10) (Brody’s edition, vol. II, p. 209). 

5(ibid., 1.12). A riddle headed pNnodx op 5), and beginning 
axpi mon pro S20 »5D (Brody, idbid., p. 195). 


168 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS iN PHILADELPHIA 


6(ibid., 1.15). A riddle headed spas » mb), and beginning 
MOIS Nyaa apie: mn (Harkavy,. vols Lissp., (ieeihody ele peers 

7(fol. 2a, 1.1). A poem beginning ymnm myn yy qs oD p> 
mss myn bx. Twenty-eight lines of this poem have been preserved, 
and, although there is no superscription, this seems to be the begin- 
ning, otherwise the first hemistich would have had no rhyme. 

Two paper leaves, damaged, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle. 
Size 72 X53 ins. (=19.7 14 cm.). Number of lines ranges from four- 
teen to sixteen to a page. Large cursive character; sporadic vocali- 


zation. The lower part of fol. 1b is in a smaller hand. [Amram.] 


316 


Dirges on the destruction of the temple and of Jewish communi- 
ties in Northern Africa (Maghreb) and Spain, probably part of Abraham 
Ibn Ezra’s Diwan, as some of the stanzas agree almost verbatim with 
Down 1 yn tap by a> nme (Egers’ edition, No. 169, and Rosin’s 
edition, vol. II, No. 19; see below). 

1(fol. 1, 1.1). The latter part of a dirge, probably for the Ninth 
of Ab, with a refrain 1nbsx. The last two stanzas which have been 
preserved, begin with 7 and 9, respectively, and are perhaps part of 
onnax. The first line of the first of these two stanzas is mn .bx Syn 
was> ppxno .oyn, while the second begins "MAND pwn vam .Vnynn 
1s. 

2(fol. 1b, 1.2). A long dirge headed »5y ama may mbdx og aby 
ands bmx. It consisted of several stanzas of unequal length, and is 
partly identical with No. 169 of Egers’ edition of Ibn Ezra’s Diwan 
(=No. 19 of Rosin’s edition). There seem to have been two dirges, 
one on the North African communities and the other on the Spanish 
communities. . The introductory lines in this fragment are 

sion) vie) Soph aimiern)  gaiahh IS 

Down yoyn po .by a7 oN 
As in the above-named editions the second line alone is found 
(with the variant of 77s for 1s), the assumption may be hazarded that 
these two lines are the titles of two separate dirges. It is likely that in 
the printed editions the first stanza is missing, as we need an & for 
the acrostic; the first few lines, which Rosin evidently considers as 
part of the acrostic, is merely introductory. The refrain after every 
stanza ispp ATI Py -ry. This fragment has preserved three stanzas: 
1) beginning mdnna wa saws .nytt by. myn; 2) beginning .S34px 17 
noxndio nbap by. myn; 3) beginning 38 wm. OND bap b>. DDN IN 


SECULAR POETRY 169 


mama. Only stanza 2 is found in the printed editions. But even 
this stanza has important variants, the end being entirely different. 
It is also to be mentioned that the beginning of the first line of stanza 
3 is incorporated in the middle of the 7 stanza of the printed editions. 

The structure of all these dirges follows a definite plan. Each 
line is divided into three parts, the first two of which rhyme with one 
another, while the third has a running rhyme. The first two parts 
have three syllables each, and the third has six. 

Two paper leaves, slightly torn, forming the inner sheet of a 
fascicle. Size 45%>%375 ins. (=11.5X7.7 cm.). Number of lines 
ranges from sixteen to eighteen to a page. Small square character, 


with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


317 


Part of a treatise by Ibn al-Abrat (or Akhrat; hardly Labrat}, 
in Jewish-Arabic, on biblical and mishnic grammar (?). On fol. 2b, 
Il. 9, 10, there is pNTaN?8 jad--pya axnsbx on. This is followed by 
a poem of twenty lines, in the Wafir metre, containing ten riddles. 
The first hemistich is ppirp *}DD 19D 41 7D 7K. 

Two parchment leaves, badly damaged and faded, forming the 
outer sheet of a fascicle. Size 8452 ins. (=21.6X14cm.). Number 
of lines ranges from twenty-seven to thirty to a page. Square char- 


acter. [Amram.] 
318 


A panegyric addressed to Yahvah b. Abraham. The _ super- 
scription reads: st WT i572? 
Ww ‘PD De laa! 
Woe aVeOnaoNeod il 
oty> n> onxam dsr 
The poem is headed 'm7'wa, and the first line is oT ONTA ww) O1DID ODN 
opin 55 c5y saNpnor. It consists of twenty-seven rhyming lines 
in the Wafir metre. The entire poem seems to have been preserved, 
as there isa blank space at the bottom. In a list of Fustat families, 
published by J. Mann, Jews in Egypt and in Palestine under the Fatimid 
Caliphs, 11, 319, mention is made of O°2°937 YN7 —m, son of Abraham. 
It is hard to decide whether he is indentical with the hero of this poem. 
Verso is covered with scribbling, some one having used it to test 
his pen and ink. The following words are in bold character: Ma7I1n 
750,107) 271n, 17 1D). 


170 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


Who the author is cannot be ascertained from the fragment. Is 
it Eleazar b. Jacob? 

A long strip of paper, badly damaged and faded, 236% ins. 
(=58.5X18.4 cm.) Large square character with a tendency to cur- 


siveness. [Amram.] 


319 


One side has a poem in the Wafir metre, beginning "wv 771ws 
pavno pao a> yma Dap apin mind. This seems to be the begin- 
ning, as some letters of the superscription, which is torn off, are still 
visible. It is probably a general panegyric to be sent to any great 
man on the occasion of his marriage. This page has thirty-nine lines, 
and after praising God, the poet says: pndp Doapoas| olay. it ata ips) 
oman any by sab (1.13). He further says: 

Dams nbys) in max a9 75° my) mpd 
mam or boa muEpn mom mn aNn np? (il. 33, 34). 

Verso is in a different hand, and has three incoherent lines, in 
Hebrew and Arabic, which may have been used for caligraphy. Then 
follows a legal document in Jewish-Arabic (it may be a copy), in which 
it is declared that Sheerith (m yw; the nis not clear), the blind hazzan, 
b. Japheth, had been accustomed to lead in prayer at certain times, 
but was prevented from continuing his practice. 

It is possible that this document was written before the poem. 

A large strip of paper, badly torn and faded, measuring 18 X8 ins. 
(=45.7X20.3 cm.). Square character with a strong tendency to 


cursiveness. [Amram.] 
320 


A wedding poem, in which the stanzas begin with the names of 
the Sidras in regular order. This leaf has twelve stanzas, covering 
the entire book of Genesis (min is missing through oversight). The 
lines in each stanza rhyme with one another. 

One paper leaf, badly damaged, measuring 675 X42 ins. (=16.3 
x11 cm.). There are twenty-eight lines to a page. Late Oriental 


cursive character. [Amram.] 


32! 


Part of a poem describing a controversy between water and wine 
as to their respective merits. There are ten syllables to a line, but 
no metre of quantity. It may therefore be surmised that it belongs 


to the Italian school of Hebrew poets, after the Arabic influence had 


SECULAR POETRY Tit 


waned. It is likely that every stanza consisted of eight lines, the 
first seven of which rhymed with one another, while the eighth had 
a running rhyme 37. Each disputant was allowed a full stanza 
in his turn. This leaf has the greater part of a water stanza, a com- 
plete wine stanza, and the beginning of another water stanza. The 
wine stanza begins: 
sire! oer) (hig) a 
pany odpna izwm cnynw. 
One paper leaf, slightly damaged and faded, measuring 53345 
ins. (=14X9 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twelve to thirteen 
to a page. Large character with a tendency to cursiveness; sporadic 


vocalization. [Amram.] 


322 


Fol. la is blank. The first five leaves are in an irregular square 
character, and contain biblical verses, as Deuteronomy 34.2a; Psalm 
3.7-9; 4.1-5b. On fol. 1b there is myyavn intTmp Jow by and on 
fol. 3b 2D jos) jor TY> apr wina aby. 

From fol. 6a to 7b there is what seems to be a satirical poem against 
the writer’s enemy. Number of lines ranges from six toeight. Square 
character with vowel-points. Both the orthography and vocaliza- 
tion are faulty. The first few lines are: 

wad ox nn 

QUSIa=) Wwia ant mby 
WAS) VOS OY ADaw’ 

inywna (Nun=) wm Poy pe 

Fol. 8 is blank. 

A fascicle of eight paper leaves fastened together. Size 33X23 
ices =—25-5. 0-0 Cil i [Amram.] 


323 


The latter part of a poem addressed to a wealthy person. 
Thirteen lines of this poem have been preserved, all rhyming in 
ma, and this seems to be the end of the poem, as the page concludes: 
(Dayave on 7s ''D 
YIw3 TIN) 
These words obviously do not fall in with the scheme of the other lines, 
and may be regarded as a fitting end. Each line is subdivided into 


four short ones, three of which rhyme with one another, while the 


ie GEN1ZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


fourth ends in nia. The metre is one short syllable followed by five 
long ones (— — — - - ~). The line before the last reads: 
mar’ xb yb) ehelteyabasy.y| 1S eet a) AAS AT 
Manuscript has nawy, which is a scribal error. 

A piece of paper, torn and faded, measuring 63744 ins. (=17.1 
19.5 cm.). Recto has fifteen lines, while verso is blank. Square 


character, with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


324 


It seems to be part of a poem describing a controversy between 
the Sabbath day and circumcision, each one claiming the highest 
rank for itself. About three stanzas have been preserved, one of which 
begins: ANVA YPwA °A NawA OY ADK. 

A piece of paper, being the lower half of a leaf; faded. Size 33x 

3 ins. (=9.8x14 cm.). About ten lines to a page have been pre- 
served. Square character. The beginning of each paragraph is in 


red ink. [Amram.] 
325 


The latter part of a poem addressed by Jeshuah b.... b. Moses 
Ab Bet Din to the three brothers Nethanel, Simhah, and Isaac (de- 
ceased) the sons of Mesabbar (?). 

The last twelve lines of the poem have been preserved, though 
in hardly a legible form. They are in the Wafir metre, and rhyme 
in on. The first hemistich is marked off by :, and the second by :0. 
The last line is 

indbw yw rape 15> inp 

onw>w omNm x Tapp 
The names Simhah and Nethanel are mentioned in the preceding 
line. 

At the end of the poem there is this legend (part of which is scarcely 
legible): [}}MINOR 7D PT a aN nw 72 (?)w7 1aC)Aye Sep xo pyar qo 
NOTNONTN ONTNT 2") poy "D1 amow ‘1 [xan ‘5. 

One paper leaf, badly torn and faded, measuring 7375 ins. 
(=20X18.5 cm.). Recto has fourteen lines, while verso is blank. 


Bold square character with sporadic vocalization. [Amram.] 


326 


Part of an ethical treatise, in rhymed prose, containg pious re- 


flections about the soul, similar to Behinat ‘Olam and Eben Bohan. 


SECULAR POETRY TS 


Fol. la begins W739 TIT YAN YD MoI meyo 79 oowA ANA MDW. 
It belongs to the same treatise as No. 327. 

Two paper leaves slightly torn, forming the outer sheet of a fas- 
cicle. Size 73575 ins. (=19X13.8 cm). Number of lines ranges 
from twelve to fourteen to a page. Square character with a slight 


tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


327 


Part of an ethical treatise, in rhymed prose, containing pious 
reflections about the soul, similar to Behinat ‘Olam and Eben Bohan. 
Recto begins with mby ty »nn xd Row AND DwER) ArT NOMN oNN bx 
anvn. It belongs to the same treatise as No. 326. 

Ones paper leat... (a5 02) ins. (=18:5<%14735cm.). Phere are 
fourteen lines to a page. Square character with a slight tendency 


to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


328 


The first part of a book entitled Megillat ha-Satan, in Hebrew 
and Jewish-Arabic. The style of the Hebrew is modelled after the 
Bible, and is in many respects similar to Josippon. The Arabic, 
however, is not classical. Each Hebrew verse is followed by the Arabic 
translation. Fol. 2a has the title beautifully illuminated juwT nbin 
ypo pwoar vaxny>a jw 7903 ta0w ym. The first four verses 
of the book have been preserved. It deals with the revolt of Ahmad 
Basha (1524) against the sultan Suleiman (Suleiman I of Turkey). 

The first verse runs as follows: we 57) word 1D qbnn 3 OT 
My) prya jn aso owe 2D Syo Inkwr yp joe pow pred coms 
TON) ANT 7D TN Y_I INO T7078 ORD IN .oaxD ow (>)Ne 
sso nvxa moyn may xvn tin sands $5 yy aAmMI7 ye) qwRa tomy. 

This Megillah seems to be identical with British Museum, Or. 
7768. (See Margoliouth. Catalogue, p. 591). That copy has 7NoD) 
instead of 7aDN). The Megillah published by Margoliouth, in JOR. 
VIII, 277, deals with the same subject, but is entirely different. 

Two paper leaves, the first of which is blank, slightly damaged. 
Size 644X444 ins. (217X11.9 cm.). Fol. 2b has sixteen lines to a 


page. Square character. [Amram.] 


329 


Stray verses in Hebrew and Arabic (both in Arabic as well as in 


Hebrew characters). One set of lines is headed as wy» 4 (about 


174 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


drinking wine). The Hebrew lines, as well as the Jewish-Arabic, are 
vocalized. There seems to be a dirge, in Jewish-Arabic, on the death 
of a man named David, and the first line is )J "Aq" Joya 19 
mw op Syn (after thy death, O Rabbi David, Israel is in distress). 
There are also lines from a ptyyut. 

It may be surmised that this fragment contains mere exercises. 

Two narrow and long paper leaves, torn, measuring 1033 ins. 
(=27X9.5 cm.). Number of lines ranges from eighteen to twenty- 


six, to a page. [Amram.| 


330 


It seems to be part of a transcription, in Hebrew characters, of 
an Arabic book modelled after the Makamat of al-Hariri. This leaf 
contains seven lines of a poem with the rhyme |=, in the Wafir 
metre. There is also a Rawz (narrator) who expresses his admiration. 
The hero’s name seems to be ‘Antar (no doubt after the name of the 
famous poet of the pre-Muhammedan era). The narrator tells him 
that he had heard pleasant tidings from his brother ‘Omar. 

The orthography is sometimes vulgar. Thus *»y °nA APN ND 
[verso ulen ie 

One paper leaf, measuring 675 X37 ins. (=15.3X9.4 cm.).) Late 
Oriental cursive hand. There are twenty lines to a page. [Amram.] 


For other poens, see verso of Nos. 159, 339, and 341. 


V 
DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 


331 


Recto contains part of a marriage contract, dated Sunday night, 
17th of Tishri, in the year 1183 (=871?). The last line reads very 
clearly: nbm JM AND) xp5x (the word nbm is slightly obliterated, 
but it is immaterial to the ascertaining of an approximate date). On 
the margin is written (Nordser-y (yaw yx abo5 om pinta 

Verso seems to have quotations from the Zohar. 

A piece of parchment, badly damaged and faded, measuring 
53X33 ins. (=14X8.8 cm.). Seven fragmentary lines have been pre- 
served on recto in an old square character, while verso has seventeen 
short lines, evidently added at a much later period, in a square hand 


with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


332 


Part of a letter in Hebrew, addressed by Sa‘adya Gaon to three 
of his pupils in Fustat, concerning the calendar of the year 233. Fol. 
la begins with the middle of the letter. The writer says that he has 
always yearned for his pupils, and complains that for six and a half 
years he has received no letter from them, though he had written 
to them a letter of condolence on the death of their grandfather. He 
then goes on to say that he hears from their mutual! friend Rab David 
b. Rab Abraham about certain letters from the heads of the academies 
concerning the months Marheshwan and Kislew of the year 233. 
Indeed, the writer continues, he had heard, while in Aleppo, that 
Ben Meir was declaring both months defective. However, the exil- 
arch and the heads of the academies and the Allufim all agreed that 
those months were complete. At the end of the letter are four lines, 
in Arabic script without diacritical points, giving the names of the 
writer and addressees, headed ’any INIYON (address in Arabic). LI.3 
and 4 seem to me very clear: . 

SSM wl) Caw tr Cy cae Gye 
sociale Cy he OWT> +++ pee Lua alt 
175 


176 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


In the first two lines the names aol, oe. Cpa (?) are 
probable. 

The year 233 is obviously Seleucid (=921). 

This fragment was published by Schechter, Saadyana, VII, pp. 
24-26. At the end he remarks: ‘Here (after *any jwny>x) follow 
a few Arabic lines, but experts who examined them assured me that 
they have no bearing on the preceding matter.’”’ ...pnm (leaf 1, verso, 
1. 16) should be ppm (see Bornstein), and is the last line of that page. 
Some leaves seem to be missing between 1b and 2a. 

Two paper leaves, extremely well preserved, though partly stained. 
The leaves form the outer sheet of a fascicle, and are not continuous: 
the transition from fol. lb to°2a is'too abrupt. “Size 55 X33 ins. ( —14 
3.8 cm.). Number of lines ranges from sixteen to seventeen to a 
page, except fol. 2b which has eight lines in Hebrew characters, with 
sporadic vowel-points in the Tiberian and Babylonian systems, and 


four in Arabic script without diacritical points. [Sulzberger.] 


333 


Recto is a marriage contract, dated Marheshwan, 1300 (and some 
odd years, as the rest of the line is torn off; =about 988). The 
bridegroom’s name is Mansur Kahana b. Moses, and it appears from 
the end and from verso that the bride’s name is Zein-da daughter of 
‘Alom (?). The witnesses are ‘Alwan (2?) b. Nathan; Abraham b. 
Joseph; Joseph b. Solomon b. Hur. 

Verso, which is in Jewish-Arabic, contains the statement that 
the property mentioned in the marriage contract, namely, a fourth 
of the house, was transferred from Zein-da, who received thirty dinars, 
The witnesses are Semah ha-Levi b. Jacob;...b. Solomon. 

There are also a few illegible words in Arabic script. 

A piece of parchment, badly mutilated, measuring 143x113 
ins. (=37.7X29.2 cm.). Recto has twenty-one lines, while verso 
has only six, besides a line in Arabic script, the rest of the page being 
blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. The 


writing on verso is larger than that in recto. [Sulzberger.] 


334 
Recto has a legal document, in Hebrew, dated Fustat, 1352 Se- 
leucid era (=1040). Siba‘(yxap) b. Manasseh renounces all claims 


to anything belonging to Benjamin b. Joseph and his wife Ganiyyah 


DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 7 


(37), daughter of Amram, since he divorced their daughter Rida 
(xx7). 

This document is incomplete, as it was subsequently trimmed 
on all sides and folded into two, to form the outer sheet of a fascicle 
containing liturgic poems. One side is blank, while the other is headed 
mSxn) mwy2 % ows, and contains an alphabetic Selihah beginning ov, 
MmXD Wary) 10wWN, and consisting of seven stanzas, each having four 
lines, the first three of which rhyme with one another and are in al- 
phabetic order (gy not being counted), while all the fourth lines have 
one rhyme. The refrain is fwmrm]bo 11770) 472 92°93 pyx oY. 
This leaf contains also the beginning of another liturgic poem begin- 
ning 7 oy yr. It has the acrostic py, and was in alphabetic order. 

These two liturgic comositions have been published by Davidson 
in 730 paso mpixn, vol. II, pp. 6 and 7. 

A piece of parchment, mutilated, measuring 117? ins. (=27X9 
cm.). Recto has twenty-three long lines in a large square hand, while 
when folded into two, verso becomes fol. la and 2b; the former has 
twenty-three short lines, in square character with a tendency to cur- 


siveness, and the latter is blank. [Sulzberger.] 


335 

A legal document, repeated almost verbatim on both side. As 
the writing on verso is smaller, the document on that side has been 
preserved in its entirety, except for some ends of lines which are torn 
off. The text on recto is incomplete, the last lines having been cut 
off. Verso gives, at the end, the date and place: Fustat, Sunday, 
9th of Nisan, in the year 1352 Seleucid era (=1041). Witnesses 
testify that Nahum b. Perah came and informed them that his father 
died and left, among other things, a court (4¥m) adjacent to the court 
of Hunain b. Abraham and to that of Barakat b. Harit. The bound- 
aries of the court are fully described. It is the Street al-Mashat 
or al-Mashani, in the city of Sahragt. When the father died, he left 
behind him one son, the declarant, and two daughters named Mona 
(x29) and Sittunah (my1nD), both unmarried. Being obliged to con- 
tribute towards the maintenance of his sisters by giving them a tenth 
part of his inherited property, he deeds the court to his two sisters. 
The text on recto seems to be the original. Instead of mi7mx recto 
has nwa. | 

A piece of paper, partly torn and faded, measuring 128} ins. 


(30.5=20.9 cm.). Recto has twenty-nine lines, and verso has 


178 GENiZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


thirty. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness, the writ- 


ing on recto being somewhat larger. [Amram.] 


336 


A legal declaration, in Jewish-Arabic, dated Wednesday, 4th of Iyar, 
1358 Seleucid era (=1047). Witnesses testify about the transference 
of the ownership of a dwelling in one of the streets named the Street 
of the Poor or “Tanners” (paxoDbsx papa yo>s TDs ds prprdy), 
in Fustat (this street is mentioned in another document referred to 
by Ernest James Worman, JQR., vol. XVIII, p. 27). The wit- 
nesses. are Sa‘adya b. Ephraim he-Haber; Joseph b. Jacob; Baka’ 
ha-Kohen b. Mukhtar; Jeshuah ha-Levi b. Solomon. This is followed 
by a declaration, in Aramaic, by the court. It is stated that the 
judges examined the witnesses and their signatures, and verified their 
assertions. This declaration is signed by Sahlan, the deputy of the 
academy (A2w 7 71D INOTD) b. Abraham, the elect of the academy 
GYPn ans) Ephraim he-Haber b. Shemf[ariah] (‘)’02 ann yr DPN 
Jrqjow 7272.) 

A piece of paper, badly mutilated and faded, measuring 9X8} 
ins. (=22.8X21.6 icm.). Recto has eighteen lines, while verso is 
blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Sulz- 


berger. | 
337 


A legal document, in Jewish-Arabic. A litigant named Moses 
refused to allow to have a certain decision ratified both in the Jewish 
and Gentile courts. The other litigant, who seems to be the man 
making the declaration, was obliged to get witnesses to testify be- 
fore both courts. His witnesses are:...b. Isaiah, ‘Atiyyah b. Moses, 
Hayyim b. Moses. Then Sidkah (mptx) and Moses came to court 
on Monday, the twenty-second day of Ab of the ‘above year” 
(that part is torn off). The judges seem to be Joseph ha-Kohen 
ha-Shofet, Ephraim b. Shemariah. It is hard to say whether these 
two actually signed the document, though the writing of the names 
differs somewhat from the rest. Recto has on the right-hand margin: 

aise h aie Gone =P shinee oelaly 
iV aOws 1) Rob, vie ODN. 

A piece of paper, torn and partly faded, measuring 63 X6}$ ins. 

(=17.4X16.4 cm.). Number of lines preserved ranges from eighteen 


to twenty to a page, apart from some lines on the margin. Square 


DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 179 


character with a tendency to cursiveness written with a thick reed. 


{Amram.] 


338 


A bill of divorce, dated Fustat, Monday, 10th jof Wdarweo0o 
Seleucid era (=1053). It is stated that Joseph b. David divorces 
his wife Khaba’ (sap) the daughter of Joseph. 

A piece of paper, slightly damaged, measuring 6; X43 ins. (=16.6 
11.4 ins.). Recto has sixteen lines, while verso is blank. Square 


character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Law School, U. P.] 


339 


Recto is a marriage contract (Ketubah). The lines are written 
along the length of the sheet. Only seven lines of this document are 
preserved; the rest has been cut off to suit the writing of verso. The 
bridegroom is named R. Japheth ben Nissim, and the bride’s name is 
Sitt al-Dar, daughter of R. Isaac. [The meaning of the name of 
saxqbs no is lady, or mistress of the house, nd is the vulgar pronuncia- 
tion of s4.5 in Egypt (see also Lane and Dozy). In Neubauer 
and Cowley’s Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscript in the Bodleian 
Library, vol. II, 1906, there are marriage contracts where the names 
saNDox no (P 2807 20) and apDbx no (P 2821 16d) occur. These 
names are not transliterated by the authors of that catalogue. np 
maNDoN=mistress of lords, and 3D29x nD=mistress of the village]. 
The marriage took place in Fustat (old Cairo) on the 21st of Adar 
intheryear 1374 (=1063 A:D)). 

Verso, which contains 26 lines, has a poem in the Wafir metre 
rhyming in ox. The lines of the fragment are continuous, and are not 
identical with the verses, that is to say, if a verse ends in the middle 
of a line another verse is started on the same line. 

This poem seems to have been written on the death of a Gaon 
Daniel. Published by B. Halper in JQR., New Series, vol. X, 411. 

One parchment leaf. It now measures 15 <6 ins.(=38 X15.5 cm.). 


But there is no doubt that originally it was much wider. [Adler] 


346 


A legal document, in Jewish-Arabic, dated Fustat, Thursday, 
21st of Elul, 1404(=1092). The heading is the usual Aramaic formula. 


Evidence is deposed in connection with Sa‘adya b. Eleazar and Shelah 


180 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


his brother with reference to a dwelling-place. The document proper 
ends on recto, and is signed by Abraham b. Shemaiah (who seems 
to be the scribe, as his signature is in the same writing as the body 
of the document), and ‘Ali ha-Kohen b. Yayha. Verso is by a different 
hand, and begins 97) adbw moni aiydbs ja mayo axn q>a ayn. It 
is signed by Perahiah b. Joseph, Isaac (?) ha-Kohen, and ‘Ali ha-Kohen 
b. Yahya (the same as on recto). 

A piece of paper, damaged and faded, measuring 94X52 ins. 
(=18.413.7 cm.). Recto has thirty-four lines, while verso has 
only eleven, the rest of the page being blank. Square character with 


a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


341 


Recto has the latter part of a marriage contract, in large square 
character. Eight lines of the text have been preserved. Arabic 
expressions occur in the midst of the Aramaic text, as MN) MP7. The 
bridegroom is Joseph b. Solomon and the bride Karimah the daughter 
of Nasir, known as Eleazar. The witnesses are... b. Ya‘ish, Halfon 
b. Meborak, Judah b. Moses ha-Hazzan, and Joseph b.... It seems 
to belong to the eleventh century. 

This parchment was subsequently folded in two, and the blank 
pages (fol. fa and 2b) were utilized for the writing down of poems. 
Unfortunately the writing, which is in a small square hand with a 
tendency to cursiveness, is not very clear. Fol. la has part of a pane- 
gyric addressed to a person of high rank. The rhyme is O72, and the 
metre Wafir. The style is similar to that of Eleazar b. Jacob. Among 
the few legible lines, which are wiritten continuously, the following 


may be quoted: 


oan >> wx awn 47> (?)nDa wenand ow 7M 
p’aw> oY onDa miaqps mona s?on Dem pxn 
ood wx xiqv omaND o>55 oy oprD> wean oom 


Fol. 2b has, in the same hand as fol. 1a, a number of lines of a 
panegyric addressed to a Gaon. The rhyme is 7a, and the metre 
Wafir. Some of the lines are: 

ial ota lleva s Ehlatt sist Maw? (OSD Voor N Ia OS nbn 


’ . - . . . . ’ 


mDpy ADV 72D 1? 7 MD)... 72 naw 


DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 181 


A piece of parchment, mutilated and faded, measuring 125 ins. 
(=30.5X12.7 cm.). [Amram.] 


342 


Part of a document, in Jewish-Arabic, drawn up in the court of 
Masliah ha-Kohen (Fustat, 1127-1138). The parties seem to be 
Shabbetai ha-Hazzan b. R. Joseph and his wife ..fah (2?) the daughter 
of Amram. Reference is made to ty> °m pit IN, and there is 
no doubt that Masliah is meant by it. 

A piece of another leaf is still to be noticed, and it is likely that 
this document formed part of codex in which the enactments of Mas- 
liah Gaon were recorded. 


One paper leaf, badly mutilated and faded, measuring 73X53 


= 


ins. (=19X12.9 cm.). About twenty-five lines have been preservec 


to a page. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 


343 


Part of a legal document, in Jewish-Arabic, describing a_ session 
in the court of R. Masliah. It seems to relate to the distribution of 
money left by a certain person for his widow and orphans. The 
money had been handed over by a prominent man (he is referred to 
in the document as 1717 O17" O°[D) ja Sei] si7?D) toR. Masliah (“mya 
moxp "95 wm oy xiao). This R. Masliah seems to be the Gaon 
of Egypt (1127-1138.) 

A piece of paper, badly mutilated and faded, measuring 1037 
ins. (=26X18.1 cm.). Recto has preserved twenty-seven lines, 
while verso has only three, the rest of the page being blank. Orien- 


tal cursive character. [Amram.] 


344 


A legal document, in Jewish-Arabic, dated Alexandria, 9th of 
Iyar, 1457 (=1145). Witnesses testify before the court in the juris- 
diction of Samuel ha-Nagid that the silk which was deposited by Abu... 
b. Halfon Ibn al-Damyati was sold and disposed of in the proper manner. 
The witnesses are Yahya b. Elijah; Elezaar b. Abraham. The guar- 
dian was Abu Nasr. Mention is also made of Abu ‘Am b. Sa‘adya 
ha-Levi and Abu’l-‘Ala b. Ezekiel ha-Levi Ibn al-Damyati. 

This Samuel ha-Nagid is undoubtedly Samuel b. Hananiah to 


whom Judah ha-Levi addressed several panegyrics. 


182 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


A piece of paper, badly damaged, measuring 10X63 ins. (=25.4X 
16.4 cm.). Recto has twenty-nine lines, while verso is blank. Ori- 


ental cursive character. [Sulzberger.] 


345 


Recto is a legal document, in Jewish-Arabic, describing the ses- 
sion of the Jewish court of justice relating to the partnership of Abu 
Nasr b. Khalf and Abu’l-Hasan b. Abu’l-Wahsh. A certain sum of 
money was to be added. The merchant Sheikh Abu Sahl al-Levi b. 
R. Joseph ha-Levi b. Ayyub came and supplied the necessary sum. 
In the month of Adar in the year 1471 (=1160) Jewish witnesses, 
namely, Sheikh Abu ’l-Manja (or Munajja) al-Kohen b. Sheikh Abu 
1-Wafa’ al-Kohen. and Sheikh Abu ‘'l-Hasan b. Abu’l-Wahsh. (?), 
testified. Signed by Hillel be-Rabbi Zadok head of the court (as 
ya ma). Another signature is torn off. 

Verso contains a list of articles, in Jewish-Arabic, which Sitt 
2l-Ruat gave as dowry to Meborak b. Abu ‘Ali (45s sencaads adn) 
Sy yay ja man v>e-nyds nod). 

One paper leaf, badly mutilated and faded, measuring 675 X54 
ins. (=15.3X13 cm.). Recto has eighteen lines, while verso has 
sixteen. Oriental cursive character, the two sides having been written 
by different hands. [Amram.] 


346 


A legal document, in Jewish-Arabic, with Aramaic phrases, dated 
Fustat, Tammuz, in the year 1475 (=1163), in the jurisdiction of 
Daniel the great prince, the exilarch of all Israel (Oxo irabdn iyews 
orp) aaa aw Som abdiy> sow om? Sene 55 nda wen Sram wwn). 
The three judges were Jacob ha-Kohen b. Joseph, Menahem b. 
Berakot, Manasseh b. Joseph. The witnesses were Abraham _ ha- 
Kohen b. Aaron and Meborak b. Nathan he-Haber. 

The witnesses testify that Abu’l-‘Ala b. Abu Sahl al-Jubaili (as 
Sandy Sap ia ja xbybsx) came to them and stated that the pledge 
entrusted to the merchant Abu’l-Ma‘ali, known as Ibn Asad R. 
Samuel b. R. Judah, had been taken from him. Now this Abu’l-‘ Ala 
has no claim any more on Ibn Asad. 

It seems that this piece of parchment is not the original document. 
Considering the date, the parchment looks comparatively new, and 


the writing is too clear. The word ws is repeated twice without 


DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 183 


one of them being crossed out. There is also ground to suspect that 
line 3 (@apIA MINN OYANA Vai ‘aM ‘DNA 227 Ww Seiw ‘3 KIND p"1D 
m7 ‘1 ‘9 12 ¥"w) is from another document, as it is not customary 
in legal documents to give so many titles. This part is probably 
extracted from a letter. Moreover the signature of the three judges 
are in bold square character, obviously written by one and the same 
hand. 

This Daniel is evidently identical with the one mentioned in a 
document of the Taylor-Schechter Collection at Cambridge, dated 
1165. See JOR., vol. XVIII, p. 15. Was this Daniel a few years 
later exilarch at Bagdad? Benjamin of Tudela mentions a Daniel 
4S) wx (see Adler’s edition, JOR., vol. XVII, pp. 515, 516). 

A piece of parchment, slightly damaged, measuring 11$10% ins. 
(=28.xX26 cm.). Recto has twenty-six lines, while verso is blank, 
except for a few illegible verses in Arabic script. Square character 


with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


347 


A document, in Jewish-Arabic, belonging to the community of 
Fustat, dated Iyar, 1543 Seleucid era (=1232). A law is adopted 
in the court of Abraham (undoubtedly, the son of Maimonides) 
prohibiting the members of the congregation to pledge any of the 
objects belonging to the synagogue. It seems that this law was in- 
stituted because it had been customary to pawn synagogue property, 
and it was necessary to issue a formal prohibition. Those responsible 
for the announcement declare that they were prompted to adopt 
this course out of fear lest the members of the congregation 
should refuse to donate anything to the synagogue, being averse to 
have the holy things converted to private use (}PNN “NY TIN NYRN 
Faxnoods pond 9d) owtpon main Dod 454 yo ow INDIN DY TS 
53573 jo a’pn). The witnesses are Nethanel b. Sa‘adya and Elijah b. 
Zechariah. 

A piece of paper, slightly damaged, measuring 73% X 67 ins. (=19.2 
«17.4 cm.). Recto has eighteen lines, while verso is blank. Square 


character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Law School, U.P.) 


348 


Recto, on which eight fragmentary lines in large square char- 


acter have been preserved, has part of a marriage document issued 


184 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


at Fustat. The date and names of parties are torn off. On the upper 
margin there is the remnant of a line which must have been added 
by alater hand. As verso was blank, the leaf was subsequently folded, 
and some one wrote a poem on one side. Only the ends of the lines 
have been preserved, and the rhyme is 92. Verso also has this line: 
in'a'd 'a'y'n ‘np (?)ran 95x. The first part gives 1345, while the 
second, 980 (?). 

A piece of parchment, badly mutilated, measuring 5X7 ins. 
C= IOS les cin eee leans 


349 


A legal document, in Jewish-Arabic, with Hebrew titles, dated 
1695 (?=1383), near Fustat. Witnesses testify before R. Amram 
(the name is accompanied by many extravagant titles) that ... b. Musa 
and his sister Shams have renounced all claims to their property. 
The witnesses are... b. Abraham ha-Kohen; Moses b. Jacob ha-Levi. 

A piece of paper, badly mutilated and faded, measuring 133 
5% ins. (=34.3X14.3 cm.). Recto has forty-five lines, while verso 


is blank. Oriental cursive character. [Sulzberger.] 


350 

Parts of legal testimonies, in Jewish-Arabic. Recto has five frag- 
mentary lines in square character with a tendency to cursiveness: 
“Abu’l-Fadl began... and said”’ (...oxpp...oxpbx JAN TINNDND). Mention 
is also made of Abu’l-Baraka[t] (?). Verso is in an Oriental cursive 
hand, which seems to have been added later, and has seven lines. 
It is stated that R. Abraham testifies that Abu’l-Fadl owes Ya‘kub b. 
Abu’l-Surur ninety-six drachmas. 

A piece of paper, torn on all sides, measuring 233} ins. (=7.3 
<$8:2°"cm)). fAmram,| 


351 


A legal declaration, in Jewish-Arabic. Witnesses testify that 
Khasib (3°¥5) the son of Sheikh Abu Nasr, known as Ibn..., claims 
the saddle which he pledged, as he paid the money which he had owed. 
The order of the court is that the saddle be returned to him. The 
document is signed by Mubassar (wan) ha-Kohen b. Abraham, Abra- 
ham b. Moses ha-Melammed, Abraham b. Nathan. 

A piece of paper, torn on all sides and faded, measuring 87g <7 ins. 


(=20.4X17.8 cm.). Seventeen fragmentary lines have been pre- 


DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 185 


served on recto, while verso is blank. Large square character with 


a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


352 


Part of a business document, in Jewish-Arabic, dated Cairo 
(ax), Monday, of the year...66 of the Seleucid era. The beginning 
of the line is torn off, and the remaining portion is faded; but pny 
mw) is perfectly clear, though after mw there is a word which looks 
like TN, and }1w is written over the line. The following names are 
preserved: Sheikh Abu’l-Rabi ‘...ha-Kohen, Abu’l-Fakhar or Abu’l- 
Fikr ("255 yas), Abu’l-Faraj. 

A triangular piece of paper, the greater part of which is torn off. 
Size 53 X34 ins.(=14.3 8.2 cm.). Recto has preserved sixteen frag- 
mentary lines, while verso is blank. Square character with a ten- 


dency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


353 


It seems to be a legal declaration, in Hebrew, of a man who sold 
a fourth part of his court, which he had inherited, for a certain sum 
of money. The writer probably lived in Fustat, as mention is made 
of the “entrance of the Synagogue of the Syrians” (nD"1D7 ma 303 
heey) bw). The only remaining word of the first line is o¢pinn. The 
year 'n'wy (=996, as it obviously refers to the era of documents) is men- 
tioned, and this document was probably written about that time. 
The end is missing. | 

A piece of parchment, mutilated and faded, measuring 6X7 ins: 
(=15.2X17.8 cm.). Recto has preserved fourteen fragmentary 


lines, while verso is blank. Bold square characters. [Amram.] 


354 


Recto, which has preserved eighteen fragmentary lines, is in square 
character. It contains a record of testimony, in Hebrew (ny 31757). 

It is stated that there came from Sobah....and Hillel, the sons 
of Nahman the physician (spelt 7D177!).. Mention is made of a man 
named Ephraim. The writing does not seem to be the work of an 
experienced scribe. On the right-hand margin there has been added 
by a later hand myqy 7751. 

Verso is covered with scribbling in Arabic script. 

A piece of paper, torn and faded, measuring 73X55 ins. (=18.1 
<13:2cm.). [Amram.,] 


186 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


355 


A reply in Jewish-Arabic, to some kind of inquiry, undated and 
unsigned. The writer says: ‘‘The servant of my lord informs my 
lord that he has formed a correct view of the matter: nothing shall 
be done heedlessly in the presence of witnesses.”’ 

A piece of parcmhment, curiously shaped, measuring 73 34% ins. 
(=18.7 8.3 cm.). Recto has fourteen short lines, while verso has 
a few illegible words, probably added by a later hand. Oriental 


cursive character. [Amram.] 


356 


Recto, which is in a Spanish cursive hand, is part of a contract, 
in Jewish-Arabic. The judge seems to be Moses ha-Kohen b. Aaron 
ha-Kohen, and one of the witnesses is Sheikh Sulaiman b. Jeshuah. 
It has been testified that Abu’l-Faraj b. Al-Abras (?) undertook to 
hand over the document to Joseph b. Abu’l-Faraj. The scribe is 
Jehiel b. Judah. 

Verso is in square character with a tendency to cursiveness, and 
has two fragmentary piyyutim. 

A piece of paper, badly torn and faded on all dides. Size 73X74 
ins. (=19.7X18.4 cm.) There are about twenty lines to a side. 


[Amram.] 


357 


Part of a legal document, in Arabic character without diacritical 
points, containing the deposition of a certain woman. Mention is 
made of Ibrahim b. Ya‘kub. It is dated 4th of Shawwal in the year...63 
(the hundreds are torn off). The names of the witnesses are missing. 
The sentence beginning lgile sam— (=\lgle ag) is incomplete. 

One paper leaf, part of which is torn off, measuring 103X7 ins. 
(=26.3X17.8 cm.). Recto has eleven lines, while verso is blank. 


[Sulzberger. ] 
358 


It seems to be a letter or document, in Jewish-Arabic, concern- 
ing some money in the possession of Elijah belonging to Abu’l-Makarim 
who is in great need of it. ("9 Sands -pwds vS1055 odyp oapn js Ap 
Bm ont... oy pa ap mea owonds va pwd cayo ow 'x'v de 
mw. The end and the names of the writer and addressee are missing. 


A piece of paper, torn and faded, measuring 43 X57 ins. (=10.4 


DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 187 


14.9 cm.). There are eight lines on recto apart from one on the 


margin, while verso has only one in the centre. [Amram.] 


359 


A legal document, in Arabic script, scarcely legible, without dia- 
critical points. It has a seal on both sides. The writing is small 
and the lines are very close to one another. Recto is divided into two 
columns. 

One paper leaf, faded, measuring 103 7,3 ins. (=27.9X18.7cm.). 
[Amram.] 


360 


Part of a legal document, in Jewish-Arabic, written in connection 
with three men named: Moses ha-Kohen, Abu Mansur, and Abu 
Sa‘d. It probably deals with the sale of a store (jxD7). One of | 
the lines reads ...:.9Npx Tya nbnbx typ ax Nix), while another has 
yass axy axin cas xox nodn. 

A piece of parchment, badly mutilated and faded, measuring 
628 ins. (=17.1X20.3 cm.). Nineteen fragmentary lines have 
been preserved on recto, while verso is blank. Square character 


with a tendency. to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


361 


It seems to be a document recording the testimony of witnesses 
In connection with the slaughtering of an animal performed by a man 
named Jehiel the Dayyan. The first few lines read: 
19s tinwbs ym (?)>ypa 
ons ooynids or 
5 ply inom pyar 
co Pad IMINST eCPM 
The exact date and the name of the judge are torn off. 
A narrow strip of paper, the left side being entirely torn off. Size 
63X35 ins. (=17.1X8.8 cm.). Recto has sixteen fragmentary lines, 
while verso is blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. 


[Amram.] 


362 


An affidavit, in Hebrew, made by the widow Malkah, daughter 
of M..., wife of the late Jair Abudari‘. She declares that she has 


received the sum of money due to her in accordance with her marriage 


188 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


contract. The oath was taken in the presence of the judges, the guar- 
dian or trustee (D}D7VD5N) Judah Tamim, and the brothers Abraham 
and Solomon. Dated Monday, 4th of Ab, in the year 5386 A.M. 
(=1626), at Cairo (o’7%0). Witnesses are Moses b. Sariwan(?) 
and... The other end of the sheet bears the inscription 772>x7 nyiay 
'y'y) YAISTAN TN ...mom tant mobs .nobn 'p. 

A sheet of paper, folded in two, badly mutilated and faded. 
Size 12X16 ins. (=30.5 X40.5 cm.). Recto has thirteen long lines of 


text, while verso is blank. Rabbinic cursive character. [Amram.]} 


363 


Part of a legal document, in Jewish-Arabic, describing a session 
in the Jewish court at Fustat. It is stated that Eleazar, known as 
Abu Nasr the Hazzan, appeared before the court and complained 
of an attack made on him, on his wife, and on his child, and asserted 
that there had been witnesses present when the attack occurred. 
Then the witnesses R. Ezekiel ha-Kohen he-Habor and R. Obadiah 
b. Solomon came and corroborated Eleazar’s statement, and averred 
that the attack took place on Sunday night. 

A piece of paper, torn and faded; lower part missing. Size 
63 X92 ins. (=16.4X18.1 cm.). Eighteen lines have been preserved 


on recto, while verso is blank. [Amram.] 


364 


It seems to be part of a marriage contract (it contains some phrases 
not found in the ordinary Ketubah). The bridegroom is probably 
Abraham b. Sidkah, and the bride ... the daughter of Menahem b. 
Levi. 

A piece of parchment, torn and faded, measuring 434? ins. 
(=11.412 cm.). Eight fragmentary lines have been preserved on 
recto, while verso is blank. . Square character with a slight turn to 


cursiveness. [Amram.] 


365 


Part of a legal document, in Jewish-Arabic. A woman named 
Sitt al-Dar undertakes to maintain her mother during her life, and 
to give certain sums of money to her brothers Sidkah and Hibah, 
known as Abu Sa‘id. Her husband, Sidkah ha-Levi, confirms this 


declaration. The witnesses are: Joseph ha-Mumheh b. Eleazar; 


DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 189 


Eleazar ha-Kohen ha-Hazzan b. ‘Ali he-Haber; Jachin b. Abraham; 
Joseph ha-Kohen b. Nissim. 

The parties seem to have lived in Egypt, as the document speaks 
of moxn...7T2NI7. For the name Sitt al-Dar see No. 339. 

A paper leaf, badly mutilated and faded, measuring 103548 
ins. (=25.67X15 cm.). Twenty-nine lines have been preserved on 


recto, while verso is blank. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 


366 
Part of a marriage contract; date, place, and most of the names 
are missing, with the exception of the bridegroom’s first name, which 
is Ghalib (abs. which probably is CJlé). 
A narrow strip of parchment, trimmed on all sides. Size 12 Kos 
ins. (=33.5=8.2 cm.). Five fragmentary lines have been preserved 


on recto, while verso is blank. Large square character. [Amram.] 


367 

Part of a legal or buisness document, in Aramaic. It seems to 
be dated Cairo (o’1¥0), Sunday, 3rd of Elul, 5090 A.M. (=1330). 
The place is perfectly clear, but the date is indistinct, only some letters 
of the words odyy nv7ra> aywm oDds ‘mn being visible. Signed: Abra- 
ham b. Joseph(?) b. Hasan of Toledo. 

A piece of paper, badly mulilated and almost entirely faded, 
measuring 63X5 ins. (=16.4X12.7 cm.). Eleven lines have been pre- 
served on recto, while verso is blank. Square character with a 


strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


368 

A legal document, in Hebrew, dated Cairo (o-7¥9), Sunday, 
4th of Tammuz, 5275 (=1515). It deals with the conditions of the 
partnership of Joseph Sibiliyyah (7S»aw), Solomon Agilar (or Aguilar = 
sx5~), David al-Fandari, Abraham Talmid. Witnesses are: Meir 
Saranim(?), Nissim. 

A piece of paper, badly damaged and faded, the right-hand upper 
corner being entirely cut off. Size 8iX6 ins. (=20.9X15.2 cm.). 

There seem to have been eighteen lines on recto, while verso is 


blank. Late Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 


369 
A legal document in Hebrew. Witnesses testify that R. Solomon 


b. R. Jeshuah sold his store, containing wood and other articles, to... 


190 GENiZAH FRAGMENTS 1N PHILADEI.PHIA 


(name of buyer is torn off). Dated Cairo (o’"x¥0), Thursday, 206th 
of Iyar, 5306 A.M. (=1546). Witnesses are Joseph b. Maimun(?) 
and Nissim... 

Verso has some accounts. 

A piece of paper, badly damaged and faded, measuring 6 X43 ins. 
(=15.2x11.7 cm.). There are seventeen lines on recto, while verso 
is blank, except for some words added by a later hand. Oriental 


cursive character, written with a thick reed. [Amram.] 


370 


A legal document, in Hebrew, dated Cairo (ax), Thursday, 
30th of Tishri, 5370 A.M. (=1609). Witnesses testify that Jacob 
Eliakim b.....came and complained that Eleazar Porek (9’5), known 
as Shukair, would force him to sell or to rent some of his property. 
As Eleazar is a powerful and influential man, Jacob is afraid to refuse 
him; but takes the necessary precaution to nullify the transaction in 
advance by telling the witnesses of his plight. The witnesses assert 
that they are convinced of the truth of Jacob’s declaration. The 
witnesses are Jacob Garyani (this signature is in the same hand as 
the document, and it is likely that he is the scribe) and Isaac b. Benja- 
min b. Shoshen (yw). 

One paper sheet, folded in two, torn right in the middle into two 
halves. That these two pieces of paper are one is quite obvious. 
When pieced together this sheet measures 816 ins. (=20.6X15.2 
cm.). Fol. la has eighteen lines, while the rest is blank. Late 


Oriental cursive character. [Amram]. 


371 


A legal document, in Hebrew with Arabic phrases, dated Cairo 
(a°x9), Wednesday, 15th of Tebet, 5385 A.M. (=1625). It is stated 
that R. Judah (3°) Kohen b. R. Maimon agrees to become the mana- 
ger of the property belonging to R. Khalifah b. Samuel. Judah is 
to get two thousand pieces of silver for the specified time. If he breaks 
the agreement, without assigning a proper reason, he can only claim 
payment for the time of his service. If, however, Khalifah dismisses 
him, he is to pay the full amount. R. Moses al-Ashkar is guarantor 
for Judah’s honesty and faithfulness. The witnesses are Solomon 
‘Arkis (p’a7y?) and Isaiah (?) Mas‘ud Amram. 


A piece of paper, torn and faded, measuring 82X67 ins. (=21.2 


DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 191 


15.3 cm.). Recto has eighteen lines of text, while verso is blank. 


Late Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 


372 


Part of a marriage document. The bridegroom’s name is Mazzol 
Tob ha-Levi, and the bride is Esther. The eight lines below contain 
a detailed account of the conditions of the betrothal, and the date 
is given as Monday, 14th of Sivan, 5401 A.M. (=1641). The name 
of the place is obliterated. 

A large piece of parchment, folded in two, the upper part of which 
is torn off. Size 124X183 ins (=31.1X46.9 cm.). Recto has preserved 
eight long lines of the text in beautiful square character, as well as 


eight lines in a small cursive hand. [Amram.] 


373 


Part of a marriage document, the date of which is torn off. 

The bridegroom’s name is Salim b. Sa‘id al-Akhlufi, and the bride 
is called Sa‘idah the daughter of Sa‘id al-Hatrushi. The parties 
seem to have lived in San‘a(Yemen). The document differs greatly 
from the usual Ketubah and contains a number of Arabic phrases as 
MND7028 A¥DIN. One of the two witnesses is amw?8 °D1D 71 '] NT 
(the other is illegible). 

A piece of paper, torn and moth-eaten, measuring 747% ins. 
(2018.2 cm.). Recto has 28 lines, while verso is blank. Square 


character, with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


374 


A marriage contract, dated Friday, 19th of Adar, 2203 Seleucid 
era (=1892), in Kaziayyah (?), probably in Yemen. The first nine 
lines are in large square character, and contain the introduction, 
which differs from the usual formula of the Ketubah. The remainder 
is in a Yemenite cursive hand, and has a number of Arabic phrases, 
as my ombs join motods nxpbs. The bridegroom is Hayyim ibn 
Sulaiman, and the bride is Shimah the daughter of Daud. The wit- 
nesses are Sa‘id b. Sulaiman Najjar and Yahya b. Sa‘id. 

A large piece of paper, slightly torn and pasted together. Size 
11494 ins (=28.2 23.5 cm.). Recto has twenty-nine lines, while 


verso is blank. [{Amram.] 


197 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


375 


Part of a book containing formulas for drawing up various docu- 
ments with directions in Jewish-Arabic. Fol. 2a, 1.4, has the form 


of a bill of divorce (uy5x DD) N77). 


Two paper leaves, forming the outer sheet of a fascicle and measur- 
ing 535 X23 ins. (=12.9X8j8 cm.) Number, of “lines ranges from 
eight to ten to a page. Large square character, written with a thick 


reed, with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


376 


Forms for writing wills and similar documents. This fragment 
has three different forms: 1) headed ynp aD»...; 2) AMS Wy; 3) TDW 
mM. 

Two narrow and long paper leaves, mutilated and torn. Size 
83 X3 ins. (=21.9X7.6cm.). There seem to have been more than thirty 
lines to a page. Cursive character. The lines on fol. 2a are written 


lengthwise, while 2b is blank. [Amram.] 


377 


It seems to be part of a letter, in Jewish-Arabic, addressed to some 
mportant person in the community. The writer protests his innocence, 
and quotes the words of ‘‘the saint, peace be upon him!’’: ao-xm » 
[apy] nDwy wp) (Psalm 120.2). He also mentions swim NIN ASN 
HYSSEcebaVel socminninh? “ph Sieh cafe) ee she) 


A piece of paper, the greater part of which is torn off, measuring 
67 X6 ins. (=15.8X15.2 cm.). Twelve fragmentary lines have been 
preserved on recto, while verso is blank. Square character with a 


strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


378 


A letter, in florid Hebrew style, written by Elijah al-Kustantini 
b. Solomon to Ephraim he-Haber b. Shemariah. The writer tells 


of his dire plight, and asks for assistance. 
Verso has the names of the writer and addressee. 


A paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 9237 ins. (=24.8. 
17.8 cm.). Recto has forty-two lines, while verso has only two. 


Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 193 


379 


A begging letter, in Jewish-Arabic, addressed to Samuel ha-Nagid. 
Money is asked for a woman and her children. There are no data to 
determine who that Samuel ha-Nagid is. 

A piece of paper, mutilated and faded, measuring 83X06? ins. 
(=22.5X17.4 cm.). Recto has seventeen lines, while verso is blank. 


Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Sulzberger.] 


380 


Part of a letter, in Jewish-Arabic, written by Samuel b. Judah. 
On the upper margin is written 7777 72 Osnpy (?)IAy, and presumably 
this is the writer’s name. Reference is made to the account of Sheikh 
Abu ‘Ali Husain. 

A piece of paper, slightly damaged and faded, measuring 93x64 
ins. (=24.816.4 cm.). Recto has sixteen lines, while verso is blank. 


Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 


38 


Part of a begging letter, in Hebrew, written by Obadiah, who 
signs his name amy Vy“ may. The writer asks for monetary 
assistance, and states that he has addressed a similar letter to R. Samuel 
ha-Dayyan. Mention is also made of Sheikh Abu’l-Faraj Solomon. 

A piece of paper, badly damaged, measuring 9? 4} ins. (=24.8 
<11.4cm.). Recto has sixteen lines, besides short lines on the margin, 
while verso is blank. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. 


{Sulzberger. ] 
382 


A letter, in Hebrew and Jewish-Arabic, addressed to Abraham 
b. Nathan (seventh in the company). The first half of recto which 
is in Hebrew is taken up with the eulogies of this Abraham, and in 
the second part, which is in Arabic, the writer says that God knows 
how lonely he is without this Abraham. Still he could not accept his 
invitation to visit him in Syria. He decided to remain in Aleppo 
for two more months with his friends. Verso has the name of the 


addressee, as well as the names P70Y ]23 ND) OF7aN AIA. Are 
these the writers of the letter? This is followed by Cees 4\5| a 


\) See Mann, Jews in Egypt, II, 374. 


a ae ae 


194 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHiLADELPHIA 


A large piece of paper, badly damaged, measuring 13§X5% ins. 
(=34.613.7 cm.). Recto has thirty-eight lines, while verso has 
only five short ones on one column and three on the other. Oriental 


cursive character. [Sulzberger.] 


383 


Part of a letter, in Jewish-Arabic, written by Hayyim b. ‘Amar 
of Fustat and addressed to Abu Zakari Yahya b. Manasseh. The writer 
who lived in Fustat, expresses his thanks for past favors, and states 
that he has received a letter from Alexandria at the end of the first 
Rabi‘. Verso has the names of the writer and addressee. 

_ A piece of paper, the left-hand corner of which is torn off. Size 
647+ ins. (=15.5X18.4 cm.). Recto has preserved eleven fragmen- 
tary lines, apart from some writing on the mrgin, while verso has 
only two, the rest of the page being blank. Oriental cursive character. 


[Amram.] 


384 


A letter, in Jewish-Arabic, undated and unsigned. Mention is 
made of a certain Ephraim. 

A piece of paper, damaged, measuring 7X34 ins. (=17.7X8.8 
cm.). Recto has eleven lines, while verso has only ten, apart from 
some writing on the margin. Dzifficult Oriental cursive character. 


[Amram.] 


385 


Business letter, in Jewish-Arabic, written by Mardun(?) b. Musa 
and addressed to Yahya...b.Nissim. 

A piece ol/ paper, torn, measuring S75 <O075 Ins..(=13.9 x 1icontee 

Recto has fifteen line, apart from the lines on the margin, while 


verso has seven. Difficult Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 


386 


A Hebrew letter, undated and unsigned. As the lower part 
is torn off, it is hard to say whether verso is a continuation of recto 
Oreo 

The writer pleads: ‘‘Do not forsake me in my exile. You know 
that I do not intend to remain here, and am detained on account 
of the debt that you owe me. But R. Nissim the Dayvyan rebukes 
me for not marrying. I cannot explain the circumstances to him, 


as he does not know that I intend to return home, after having stayed 


DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 195 


here for six years. I fear that because of his rebukes I may be com- 
pelled to get married. What will I tell then my mother and daughter 
who are waiting for me? When they hear of my marriage, they will 
rend their garments and weep bitterly. You will have to bear the sin 
as well as I, if you detain me here any longer. Do not deal with me 
as you did with Solomon, whom you gave one dinar and ten pieces. 
of silver, while he had asked twelve. When the Haber went to AI- 
exandria, he asked me to come along with him, if I wished to be the 
Dayyan in Alexandria. He promised me a good salary (77187 Np’DD) 
and to appoint me teacher of most of the boys in that city.” 

The writer sends regards to Nasr and Sa‘d his pupils and to R. 
Phineas and family. 

A piece of papre, torn and faded, measuring 10756; ins. 
(=25.515.7 cm.). Recto has thirty-one lines, while verso has 
only fourteen in a smaller hand, the rest of the page being blank. Square 


character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


387 


A begging letter in Jewish-Arabic, undated and unsigned. Only 
parts of the lines have been preserved, and there is no complete sen- 
tence. But the few legible words and the biblical quotations leave 
no doubt as to purpose of the letter. 

A narrow strip of paper, mutilated and faded, measuring 103 
X34 ins (=26.6X9.8 cm.). Recto has twenty-one fragmentary 
lines while verso is blank. Square character with a strong tendency 


to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


388 


A letter in Jewish-Arabic, undated and unsigned. The writer 
seems to ask for a loan of sixty drachmas, which he would return 
as soon as possible (nypixdss ylalDN °D NTT Y). 

A piece of paper, torn and faded, measuring 775 3% ins. (=18.2 
«8.8 cm.). Recto has fifteen lines, while verso is blank. Oriental 


cursive character. [Amram.] 


389 


A business letter in Jewish-Arabic, closely written on both sides. 
It is addressed to Abu Zakariyya Judah b. Moses by Salimah (?) 


b. Musa b. Isaac. There is a line at the end in Arabic script, of which 


196 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS 1N PHILADELPHIA 


the only legible word is ell The writer gives a detailed account 
of the sale of olives and other wares. There is constant reference 
to Sheikh Abu Ya‘kub Yusuf b. Farh (mp " 4D” apy cay qrwdpy). 
The writer reached Sicily (bpp) on New Year. He informs his 
friend, by the way, that he spent Pentecost in Sfax (DpN5D), where 
the army of the Sultan defeated the army of the general of that place. 
Sheikh Abu Ibrahim b. Sa‘d (?) took some goods. The writer also 


visited Rome. 


A wide and long piece of paper, damaged and faded, measuring 
253 X83 ins. (=64.7 22.2 cm.). Recto has eighty-four lines, besides 
short lines on the margin, while verso, which, except the address, is 
written in the opposite direction, has sixty-four. Oriental cursive 


character. [Sulzberger.] 


390 


A letter, in Jewish-Arabic, written by Mudrik b. Musa to Abu 
Yahya Jauharai (sri?) b. Nissim. The writer says that he has 
just returned from Alexandria in the month of Tebet, and complains 
of not having received answers to his two letters. No letter from Ibn 
Sa‘d has reached him, but he has received some money from Khalfon. 
Mention is made of Sheikh Abu ‘Amr, Sheikh Abu’l-Hasan, Abu 
Zakariyya Elhanan, Sheikh Abu Ya‘kub, Abu Ishak Barhon b. Elijah. 


A piece of paper, badly damaged, measuring 53X/7{ ins. (=14 
18.4 cm.). Recto has eighteen lines, besides short lines on the 
margin; verso has seven lines and the address, the rest being blank. 


Oriental cursive character. [Sulzberger.] 


391 


It seems to be part of a letter of congratulation on a wedding. 
Recto has moi2>x 
1[77x] Dons 
NIT? OYY 
? 
non mbw na ary>s 
M2 7278 nD 


Verso is blank. 


A piece of paper, torn, measuring 4323 ins (=11.4X6.6 cm.). 


[Amram.] 


DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 197 


392 


A Hebrew letter addressed to Joseph ha-Hazzan b. Jacob ha- 
Flazzan, asking for the support of a school. The writers state that 
they have borrowed forty gold pieces for taxes. The letter, which 1s 
undated, is signed by Solomon ha-Kohen b. Mordecai; Mubassar 
b. Shelah (teacher of the orphans); Moses b. Levi (superintendent of 
the synagogue); Jeshuah ha-Kohen b. Yahyah (?); Joseph b. Nahum; 
Hayyim b. Solomon; Nathan b. Judah; Moses b. Jacob (n'"17?); Moses 
b. Judah; Joseph ha-Kohen he-Haber b. Solomon, head of the academy. 
The messenger with whom the letter was sent is Joseph ha-Levi b. 
SAli. 

One paper leaf, badly damaged, measuring 117 ins. (=27. 
917.8 cm.). Recto has twenty-nine lines, besides short lines on 
the margin, while verso is blank. Square character with a tendency 


to cursiveness. [Sulzberger.] 


393 


A Hebrew letter addressed by a teacher to R. Joshua (?) asking 
for monetary support. The writer is in Tunis, and the addressee 
lives in Damyat (Egypt). The writer, who appears to be a Karaite, 
explains, at the end of his letter, the meaning of the word onno” 
(Isa. 40.20). Mention is made of ‘‘my pupil R. Nahman b. Machir”’ 
(TT yoo 1 Ta Ory Don); ]A Dade e idtioceats ddI 
YW Ww: DIDS ww; yor wate; tan moby; >’p sort N27 
PS IPF IAS OY TANT STW VS WITS VOM. 

A long piece of paper, badly damaged, measuring 22% X6{ ins: 
(=57.9X17.1 cm.). Recto has sixty-six lines, while verso is blank. 
Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. Sporadic vocal- 


ization. [Sulzberger.] 


394 


A letter, in Jewish-Arabic, addressed to Abu Abraham...Isaac 
al-Melammed b. R. Hayyim ha-Sofer by Amram... (the rest is torn 
off). The writer depicts his condition, and refers to Abu Yusuf Ya‘- 
kub b. Abu Kathir. The names of the writer and the addressee are 
given on verso. 

A piece of paper, badly damaged and faded, measuring 103 7% 
ins 2 O89 el Oem Rec has thirty-two lines, while verso has 
twenty-three in one direction and six in the other. Oriental cursive 


character. [Amram.] 


198 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


395 


A letter, in Jewish-Arabic, addressed to ‘Ali abu’l-Hasan b. 
Sa‘id by... b. ‘Imran. The writer states that Bakhur b. Nasir is of 
the prominent men of Sanhur (Egypt). He then goes on to give an 
account of some business transaction. Reference is made to Abu’l- 
Makarim who is likely to be in Cairo (it is not certain whether 1x» 
in this letter stands for Cairo or Egypt. In modern Arabic _,,a« 
without any further qualification refers to Cairo). Verso has a 
great part of the letter as well as the names of the writer and addressee. 

A piece of paper, torn and faded, measuring 103 X64¢ ins. (=25.7 
17.6 cm.). Recto has nineteen straight lines as well as many frag- 
mentary ones on the margins; verso is practically covered with writing 


in all directions. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 


396 


A letter, in Jewish-Arabic, undated and unsigned. It begins 
with the formula war ysl CJ! 4h) oe (in Arabic script). 
It seems to be in connection with a will. Mention is made of Abu 
Sa‘id, Abu’l-Hunain ‘Ali ibn Husain, known as Ibn Shu'‘aib (?),... 
ha-Kohen b. Joseph,... ha-Kohen b. Ali, the chief (o»n>s) Elhanan 
head-of the (?7:..7) wx); Abu Nasr; Abu’l-Bashar(?). 

A piece of paper, badly mutilated and faded, measuring 11735 
ins. (=27.9X18.5 cm.). Recto has twenty-two lines, while verso is 
blank, except for a few words, in Arabic script, which may have been 
the names of the writer and addressee, but which are illegible now. 


Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


397 


Part of a letter, in Jewish-Arabic, addressed toa man whom the 
writer calls DNDN 725K 5) (my master the Kohen and the 
Parnas). Mention is made of R. Solomon and Abu Zakariyya. It 
is stated that Abu Zakariyya in Egypt (or Cairo) used to befriend 
everyone who came from Babylon, Syria, or Rome. Mention is 
also made of Abu ‘Imran Musa, Abu ‘Ali, and Abu Nasr al-Sirkuni. 
The writer states that he has received a letter from Tunis, and asks 
for assistance. 

The Arabic script of verso is not quite legible, but the following 


is tolerably clear: 


DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 199 


oP. (O_pot or) ete Reged wo. ae 
It is therefore likely that the writer’s name is ‘Omar b.Yusuf and the 


Caw 3p 


addressee is named... b. al-Hasan. 

One paper leaf, torn and faded, measuring 52X8j% ins. (=14.6 
21.7 cm.). Recto has eighteen lines, apart from a line on the mar- 
gin, while verso has three lines in Hebrew script and three in Arabic, 
the latter of which probably contain the names of the writer and 
addresse Square character, written with a thick reed, with a strong 


aan to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


398 

A letter, in Jewish-Arabic. The names of the writer and addressee 
are torn off. The date is given as the 30th day of the ‘Omer, but 
the year is missing. Mention is made of Abu Mansur. The letter 
is from one friend to another. The last line is wyybx op ov %. 

Verso may contain the name and address of the man to whom the 
letter was sent. It seems to read. (the diacritical points are rare): 

BONS colheen i ates ea) aoeecawees IN 5) 
w glad s pea -) All| 428 4 c All | ERs El AN 
4.8 Lees Meer S> 34? 
If my reading is right, the name of the addressee is Abu Zakari b. 
Abu’l-Faraj of Cairo and Kalyub. 

A piece of paper, torn and faded, measuring 645 ins. (=15.8 
12.7 cm.). Recto has twenty-seven lines, while verso has three 
lines in Arabic script, the rest of the page being blank. Curious 
cursive character. [Amram.] 

399 

A letter, in Jewish-Arabic, written by Nissim b. Banaya(?x’s3) 
o ‘Arus (?piny) b. Joseph, both of whom seem to hail from Egypt: 
The writer states that he has received letters from Abu’l-Surur and 
Ibn Kasasah al-Kohen; but he is unable to read the one by the latter 
(ANTPX 7Ipx od) Snax 3p). He met Sheikh Abu Zakari Yahya. Men- 
tion is also made of Sheikh Abu’l-‘Ala b. Salamah. Verso has the 
names of the writer and addressee, and scribbling which seems to be 
account-entries. 

A narrow strip of paper, torn and faded, measuring 9} X43 ins. 
(=24.1x11 cm.). Recto has seventeen lines, apart from some writ- 
ing on the margin, while verso has three lines belonging to the letter, 
as well as sone scribbling by a later hand. Oriental cursive character. 


[Amram.] 


200 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


400 


A letter, in Jewish-Arabic, written by a father to his-son. After 
the customary formulas of blessings, the father proceeds to tell his 
son about the buying of silk and textile goods. Mention is made 
of another son named Joseph. 

Verso bears the address, and the name of the addressee seems to 
be Abu’l-‘Izz b. Bushra (?), in Cairo (a¥p), in the house (?) of Sheikh 
Abu’l-Rada’. 

A piece of paper, torn and faded, measuring, 113 X 675 ins. (=28.2 
14.3 cm.). Twenty-six lines have been preserved on recto, apart 
from some writing on the margin, while verso has two, the rest of 


the page being blank. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 


40I 


A letter, in Hebrew rhymed prose, written by David b. Shechaniah 
to David (?) b. Isaac. The addressee seems to have been an important 
personage who interceded in behalf of the Jews before the government. 
The writer who merely sounds his praises, without asking for immediate 
favors, calls him 7wnr pnyp] 7a (2) TIT (@)sa oD AvITP NAD 13778 
Team onwm zoom cd Ssaw saya sw poo: (?) papa soya tazm 
ivr dip> (?) abawplo ipap iio) iswwa Ap’ ODOM. 

A paper leaf, the writing of which is obliterated, measuting 11 
72 ins. (=27.9X18.7 cm.). Recto has twenty-three lines, while verso 
is blank. Large square character with a slight tendency to cursive- 


ness. Partly vocalized. [Amram.] 


402 


Part of a letter, in Jewish-Arabic, describing a certain number of 
articles that were to be sold. Mention is made of Nahman (Nona), 
Jeshuah, and Sheikh Abu’l-Faraj. The Arabic words at the end of 
the second column as well as on verso are illegible. 

A piece of paper, folded in two; damaged, the lower left-hand 
corner being torn off. Size 10$}X/7fins, (=25:7X18.6 em.) One 
column has seventeen lines, while the other has ten, besides a line and 


a half in Arabic script. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 


403 


Part of a letter, in Jewish-Arabic, addressed to a man named Joseph, 
who is styled saD3n "wn. The writer asks for the five drachmas which 


DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 201 


the chief (oy 5s) Abu’l-Hasan the son of the chief Abu’l-Najm had 
deposited with him. 

The Arabic words on verso probably bore the address. 

A small piece of paper, damaged and faded, measuring 33 X4¢ ins. 
(=8.8X12cm.). Recto has seven lines, while verso, which is written 
in the opposite direction, has six, besides the remnant of a few words 


in Arabic script. [Amram.] 


404 


The introductory lines of a Hebrew letter addressed to Meborak 
he-Haber b. Sa‘adya. This personage seems to be identical with the 
Nagid of Egypt mentioned in Saadyana, No. XL, p. 3, 1. 5, who 
flourished toward the end of the eleventh century. See Poznanski, 
Babylonische Geonim im nachgaondischen Zeitalier, pp. 114, 115. 

A piece of paper, torn on all sides and faded, measuring 3X6¢ . 
ins. (=7.6X17.1 cm.). Recto has preserved six fragmentary lines, 
while verso is blank. Square scharacter with a strong tendency to 


cursiveness. [Amram.] 


405 


A business letter, in Jewish-Arabic, written by Isaac b. Aaron 
Sajlamasi (@oxnbip) and addressed to ‘Ali Abu’l-Farah ‘Aris (2o-"y) 
b. Joseph. The writer gives a detailed account of some money, and 
mentions Sheikh Abu’l-Faraj and Sheikh Abu ‘Ali b. Salman. 

Verso bears the names of the writer and addressee, as well as 
a record of debts. 

A piece of paper, torn and partly faded, measuring 43X42 ins. 
(=12.4*11.4 cm.). Recto has fourteen lines, apart from some words 
on the margin, while verso has two lines and some scribbling addeed 
by a later hand. Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. 


[Amram.] 


406 


A letter, in Jewish-Arabic, addressed(?) toSamuel Laniyyah. The 
orthography is peculiar to the late period: it has double letters instead 
of Tashdid. The letter seems to be dated 17th of Shebat, in the year 
5485 (=1725). The writer says that, if not for the bounty of Isaac 
Shalom, he would have died of hunger. On the margin of the same 
side there is this legend which seems to be in a different hand: "y¥7 38 
aN7N9 qwo ()a22 mN75 andy. Was Solomon Laniyyah the sender 
of this letter? 


JAG): GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


Verso has the following, the writing being slightly faded: 
()po (Qawa ots sia xow mp0 by iow oN ane (!ox>1y> 4397 wn 
saewands Snow pysn...21pD Sy nw onan 7D by ar odw aoe pwn 

A piece of paper, which seems originally to have been the blank 
leaf of a book which belonged to Samuel Laniyyah (as2N> Orv). 
It was subsequently torn out and used fora letter. 83 X9#ins. (=21.6 
24.8 cm.). Recto has twenty-one lines, while verso has six short 


ones. Late Spanish cursive character. [Amram.] 


407 
A buisness letter, in Hebrew. The name Laniyyah seems to be 
discernible in the superscription, which is otherwise scrarcely legible. 


The writer’s name is torn off, and only the word j7Dn remains. 


A piece of paper, badly mutilated and faded, measuring 8} 4] 
ins. (=22.2X12 cm.). Recto has eighteen lines, while verso is blank. 


Late Spanish cursive character. [Amram.] 


408 

A buisness letter, in Judeo-Spanish, written by Judah Rozanes 
to Joseph Amarillio, in Salonica(?). 

Judge Sulzberger found this letter in the binding of the first edi- 
tion of the Mahzor Roma (1485). 

A piece of paper, torn on all sides, measuring 103 X7§ ins (=25.7 
18.11). Recto has twenty-one lines, while verso has only two 
short ones bearing the name of the addressee. Spanish cursive char- 
acter. [Sulzberger.] 

409 

A letter addressed to Joseph Mataban(?). Judeo-Spanish. Verso 
has the name of the addressee. 

A piece of paper, torn, measuring 97% X 4 ins. (=23.9X12.4cm.). 
Recto has thirty lines, while verso has three. Late Spanish cursive 
character. [Amram.] 

410 

A begging letter, in Jewish-Arabic, written by Solomon _ha- 
Melammed be-Rabbi Elijah ha-Dayyan. The writer begins with 
Psalm 121.4, 7, and then goes on: °ana tobnm moby aaxxds Jioonds 
porbs pmbsx poixds Sxanods oyiods sdiods os ony vp pean me. 

A piece of paper, damaged and faded, measuring 675 X53 ins. 

=15.313.7 cm.). Recto has thirteen lines apart from a line on the 


margin, while verso is blank. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 


DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 203 


4il 

A letter, in Jewish-Arabic, written by Moses b. Jacob to Abu 
Yahya b. Nissim. The writer states that he has received a letter 
from him on the 1st of Nisan informing him of the possibility of travel- 
ling from Maghreb to Alexandria. He has also reeeived a letter 
from Ibn Sason (ww jax) al-Maghrabi. He wrote a letter to Abu 
Ishak Barhon b. Isaac (pny Ja pa pnoN ax). He had expected 
a visit from Sheikh Moses after Passover; but thus far nothing has 
been heard of him. Mention is made of Ibn Jacob, Abraham, the 
death of Judah, Ibn Nahman, Abu Ya‘kub Joseph, Abu Yusuf, Nissim, 
R. Abraham he-Haber, R. Shemaiah he-Haber. 

There is reason to suspect that this fragment is spurious. 

A piece of paper, slightly torn, measuring 10747 ins. (=26.8 
17.8 cm.). Recto has thirty-four lines, while verso has three, be- 
sides some scribbling in Arabic script. Oriental cursive character. 


[Amram.] 


412 


Hebrew letter, giving an account of the money collected for some 
academy. The names of the writer and addressee are missing. Mention 
is made of the province of Ramlah, the Jerusalemites, R. Amram b. 
Levi, the representative sent by R. Obadiah b. Japheth, Khalf b. 
Ta‘lab, R. Joseph, Ephrain ha-Haber, the son of Nisan, R. David, 
R. Meborak ha-Sofer, Solomon b. Sa‘adya, R. Levi, R. Tobiah. 
The writer speaks of the unfriendly relations that existed between 
him and the Gaon (may he rest in Paradise!). 

Beginning and end missing. 

One paper leaf, damaged and faded, measuring 10} X77¢ ins. 
(=26.6X18.2 cm.). Recto has thirty-one lines, while verso is blank. 


Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


413 


It seems to be part of a letter, in Arabic. Owing to the mutilated 
state of the fragment, only a word here and there can be deciphered. 
Part of the signature is perhaps »\.J] (mx). 

A piece of parchment, badly damaged by fire and torn on all 
sides. About a half of the width has been preserved, and the length, 
too, isevidently incomplete. Present size 114 <4 ins. (=29.210.1cm.). 
Twenty-eight lines have been preserved. Verso is blank. [Sulz- 


berger. | 


204 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


414 


Part of a buisness letter, in Jewish-Arabic. The writer mentions 
the city of-Sfax (DpxDD) and Abu’l-Faraj Nissim. He intends to 
travel to Sfax. 

A piece of paper, damaged, measuring 6X7} ins.(=15.2 X18.4 
cm.). Recto has twenty lines, while verso is blank. Oriental small 


cursive character. [Sulzberger]. 


415 
Part of a Hebrew letter, dated 5595 (=1835), addressed to R. 
(?) Solomon. The writer says that since he left Jerusalem he lived 
in Beth-lehem. He fell ill, and, after many adventures, landed in 
jail, because he could not pay a debt. 
A narrow strip of paper, the right-hand side of which is torn off. 
Size 133553 ins. (=33.2*14 cm.). Recto has thirty-eight frag- 
mentary lines, while verso is blank. Late Oriental cursive character. 


[Amram.] 
416 


Part of a letter, in Hebrew. The writer describes his bitter 
experience as a messenger to collect money in Egypt. He was put 
in prison and robbed of his papers and money. Mention is made of 
Ibn Nafs(?) b. Safudi Hadudah, Ibn Askaj(?), Rosano, Nisi, Abraham 
al-Mushkino(?). The first line reads ...wainb '3'5 3 ‘oy (?)on>. 

A piece of paper, torn on all sides, measuring 139 ins. (=33 X 
22.8). Recto has preserved the beginnings of thirty-nine lines as 
well as thirteen fragmentary lines written sideways (the sheet may 
have originally been folded in two), while verso is blank. Cursive 


character. [Amram.] 


4\7 


Part of a letter, in Jewish-Arabic. Only the beginnings of the 
lines have been preserved. The names of the writer and the addressee 
are torn off. The line of verso had the name of the addressee and 
probably also that of the writer. The part preserved reads: ~>y» x, 
peabs mosn....2s Sounds... Senpde. 

A piece of paper, badly mutilated and almost entirely faded, 
measuring 5}X4 ins. (=14.6X10.1 cm.). Recto has preserved four- 
teen fragmentary lines, besides one on the margin, while verso has 
only one, the rest of the page being blank. Oriental cursive character. 
[Amram.] 


DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 205 


418 
Part of a begging letter, in Jewish-Arabic. Only the beginnings 
of the lines have been preserved, and there is no connected sentence. 
But the nature of the letter is unmistakable, as the introductory 
sentence is Psalm 41.2, and the next line begins with naan mmbno 
m)aD. The writer mentions the fact that he went to Alexandria, while 
some one looked for him in Cairo. 
A piece of paper, the greater part of which is torn off, measuring 
At X45 ins. (=11.9X11.4 cm.). Twelve fragmentary lines have 
been preserved on recto, while verso is blank. Oriental cursive char- 


acter. [Amram.]| 


419 


A letter, in Jewish-Arabic, written by a son to his mother who 
lives in Alexandria. He implores her to inform him of her health, 
as he has heard she was ill. He has sent a divorce to his wife in Egypt. 
He also asks her to be kind to the bearer of the letter, who is from Baby- 
lon (prays). Mention is made of Ibrahim and Ibn Abu’l-Najm. 

A narrow strip of paper, slightly faded, measuring 1024+ ins. 
(=27.3X10.7 cm.). Recto has twenty-three lines, while verso has 
two lines, in Arabic script, which seem to be the address. Oriental 


cursive character. [Amram.] 


420 


A business letter, in Hebrew, written by Meir... One of the margins 
has 7a00> n"D ‘por (nothing has been obliterated). Mention is made 
of Basha Mudli Muhammed, R. Joseph, Judah Mas‘ud. 

A narrow strip of paper, measuring 123675 ins. (=31.8X15.3 
em.). It is covered with lines on both sides, the writing on the margin 
being in the opposite direction. Late Oriental cursive character. 


{Amram.] 


42! 


Part of a letter, in Jewish-Arabic, undated and unsigned. The 
name of the addressee is torn off. The writer asks for witnesses in 
a certain litigation. Mention is made of Ibn Sim‘an “his brother”’ 
andacertain Dayyan. 

A piece of paper, torn and faded, measuring 53X63 ins. (=14x 
16.8 cm). Recto has preserved seven fragmentary lines, while verso 
is blank. Square character with a strong tendency to cursiveness. 


(Amram. ] 


206 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


422 


It seems to be part of a letter or responsum by a Karaite. | 

A piece of paper, the upper and lower parts of which are torn 
off, measuring 634? ins. (=16.412 cm.). Recto has preserved 
nine lines, while verso is blank. Arabic Naskhi’ character, not quite 
legible. [Amram.] 

423 

Part of a letter, in Jewish-Arabic, of a private nature. 

One paper leaf, damaged and faded, measuring 73X63 (=19.7 
16.8 cm.). Sixteen lines have been preserved on recto, while verso 


is blank, |Oriental character. [Amram.] 


424 


Last part of a begging letter, in Jewish-Arabic with a mixture 
of Hebrew phrases. The writer, who seems to address himself to 
the entire family, declares that he yearns to see them all, and that he 
remembers their past favors and their generosity toward all who ask 
for assistance. 

A piece of paper, measuring 71§ X37 ins.(=19.8 X9 cm.). Recto 
has preserved five long lines, while verso is blank. Oriental cursive 


character. [Amram.] 


425 


It seems to be part of a letter, in florid Hebrew style. The writer 
apparently complains of his troubles and hard luck, and asks for 
assistance. 

A piece of paper, the greater part of which is torn off; almost en- 
tirelv faded. Size 3253 ins.(=9.5 X14cm.). Eleven fragmentary lines 
have been preserved on each page. Square character with a tendency 


to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


426 


A business letter, partly in Hebrew and partly in Jewish-Arabic. 
The titles and praises of the addressee, which take up about one-fourth 
of the space, are in Hebrew, while the letter proper is mostly in Arabic. 
The name of the addressee does not seem to be given, while the signa- 
ture of the writer cannot be deciphered. Mention is made of Joseph 
ha-Levi. Verso repeats the word anxzp twice. Is this merely part 
of a letter-writer? The words on verso apparently confirm this as- 
sumption. The only difficulty is the mention made of Joseph ha- 


Levi. 


DOCUMENTS AND LETTERS 207 


One paper leaf, slightly damaged and faded, measuring 938? 
ins. (=24.1X22.2 cm.). Recto has thirty lines, while verso is blank, 


except for a few words. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 


427 


Part of a letter-writer, in rhetorical Hebrew. The author col- 
lected all sorts of phrases from the Bible as well as from medieval 
writers. The influence of Judah ha-Levi is clearly noticeable, with 
the exception that these letters are in plain prose, while Judah 
ha-Levi’s are in rhymed prose in conformity with the branch of literature 
known among the Arabs as saj‘ (the cooing of a dove). These two leaves 
contain parts of three letters, one of which seems to be wedding con- 
gratulations. 

Two separate paper leaves which formed part of one and the same 
book. Both are badly damaged, only the lower part having been | 
preserved. Size 738} ins. (=19X20.9 cm.). Judging from the 
appearance of the paper and the closeness of the writing, there must 
have been about fifty lines to a page. Small cursive character. 


[Amram] 


We 
PHILOSOPHY AND KABBALAH 


428 


Part of a Hebrew translation of, and an extensive commentary 
on, a philosophic treatise by al-Ghazali. The commentary is placed 
immediately after every paragraph of the text. The paragraphs of 
the text are headed, in square character, WMMaxX ‘DS, and those of the 
translator are headed, also in square character, p’nyon ‘on. 

The author says that existing things are divided into two classes, 
general and particular, 71D) »>5D opdn'ad pon 0m. Whereupon 
the translator comments: nnd) wnwn nyt MN] NIT RPO") AY AT 
—SQLON 1291710 x} NA VOWS PS MOD idee ae dea 7 NYT OOS wiym Syn 
MDuT om OWING. 

One paper leaf, slightly damaged, measuring 10§*7t ins. (=25. 
718.4 cm.). There are thirty lines to a page. Rabbinic cursive 
character. [Amram.] 


429 


Part of an ethical treatise in Jewish-Arabic. This leaf seems to 
treat of the various ranks (ans) of trusting in God (it is not by Bahya). 
The author quotes many biblical verses, as well as the story of Hillel 
the Elder. 

One paper leaf, almost entierely obliterated, measuring 9363 
ins. (=24.X16.8 cm.). Number of lines is twenty-one to a page. 


Oriental square character. [U.P.] 


430 
Part of a philosophic work, in Jewish-Arabic. 
One paper leaf, slightly damaged. 8.1152 ins. (=22X14.6 
cm.). There are seventeen lines to a page; recto has also some writing 


on the margin, lengthwise. Oriental cursive character. [U.P.] 


43 


It seems to be part of a theological treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, 


The writer was explaining Psalm 119.33, and for some reason or other 
208 


PHILOSOPHY AND KABBALAH 209 


thought it necessary to digress and to expound Psalm 8. This takes 
up the greater part of the fragment (fol. la—2b, 1.9). He then says: 
jpn qat yoann oan ods yn nom>s op Sipds an. 

Four paper leaves, partly obliterated, measuring 7 X47¢ ins. 
(=17.8X12.5 cm.). Number of lines ranges from seventeen to nine- 


teen to a page. Square character. [U.P.] 


432 
Part of an ethical and philosophic treatise, in Jewish-Arabic. 
Fol. 1a begins with aa99s8 -n mx) oni IM 555 oNTnnds b> 
aedx Jon min tinebs 753 apm anny. This chapter seems to 
end on fol. 2a, as the lower part is blank. There are, as is usual 
in this branch of literature, numerous quotations from the Bible. 

There are no diacritical points. 
Two paper leaves, faded, measuring 5X43 ins. (=14.311cm.). 
Number of lines ranges from seventeen to nineteen to a page. Spanish 


cursive character. [Amram.] 
433 


Part of an ethical treatise, in Jewish-Arabic. 

One of the few lines that are still more or less legible reads: >» 
amox bya im ead posnoex Oxabdn. 

One paper leaf, badly damaged; most of the words are obliterated. 
Size 8262 ins. (=22.2X16.8cm.). There seem to have been about 
twenty-two lines to a page. Square character with a tendency to 


cursiveness. [Amram.] 
434 


Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on theology, with numerous 
quotations from the Bible. 

One paper leaf, faded, measuring 635% ins. (=16.4x13 cm.). 
Number of lines ranges from twelve to thirteen to a page. Cursive 


‘ 


character, written with a thick reed. [Amram.] 


435 


Part of an ethical treatise, entitled mann mbyn abd, by Jehiel 
b. Jekuthiel b. Benjamin ha-Rofe. 

Fol. 1a begins with "1 pip on2ai 7nd yw wD yn WN. It 
treats of the resurrection of the dead. I was unable to trace this 


passage in the Constantinople edition of that work. P. 43 of that 


210 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


edition indeed speaks of the same subject, but is not the same as this 
passage. We perhaps have before us an expansion of that short 
paragraph. Fol. 1b ends with omrya is» >> mK posi yw nd. 

Fol. 2a begins with j79y mow omow onw jora (Constantimople 
edition, p. 13d, I. 34). This page ends with the description of the 
fifth virtuous quality. 

Fol. 2b is headed mpryn nbyo wn mwwn mbynn (ibid, p. 14a, 
1. 21). It ends with odiyd 15 miwyw xdx try xb1 (cbid, p. 14b, 1. 14). 

There are some insignificant variants in this part. 

Two paper leaves, measuring 84X5i ins. (=20.9X14.4 cm.). 
Number of lines on each page ranges from twenty-four to twenty-seven. 
Rabbinic square character with a distinct tendency to cursiveness. 
[Friedenwald.] 


436 


The greater part of the Sefer Hekalot. 


Thirty-nine paper leaves, forming an incomplete codex. While 
all the leaves were originally fastened together by a string, some of 
them are now loose, and are merely held together by cardboard covers. 
Size 875X676 ins. (=21.2*15.3 cm.). There are twenty-two lines 


to a page. Rabbinic cursive character. [Adler.] 


437 


Part of a treatise on angels, in Jewish-Arabic. 


Recto enumerated all angels that are made to march at night © 
(553 sy40r). The description of these angels is continued in the 
first three lines of verso, and is as follows: \7"N0......¥D ONY) 
boa momo ods om tydx1 t9Dba.- Then follows the list of angels 
that are made to march during the day (tos nosbndsx soos vom 
sxmoa m0). 


As will have been observed, the orthography is pleonastic. When- 
ever } and ° are consonants they are written doubly; thus THIS Ss gan 
TIMP = 59 ps Short z and w are represented by ° and }, res- 
pectively. 

One parchment leaf, measuring 575} ins. (=14.9X13 cm.). 
Number of lines’on each page is fourteen. Oriental square character. 
The leaf is badly damaged, the upper and lower parts being burned. 
The writing is in many places obliterated. [Friedenwald.] 


PHILOSOPHY AND KABBALAH ask 


438 


Part of o’no7 DIND by Moses b. Jacob Cordovero (p’n-). 

Fol. 1a begins with -oxy onatm 55 °D prn ad onpson piyds 
4D) pam yt (op. cit. towards the end of the second chapter of the 
section o>) moxy yw; Monkatsch edition, p. 21a, 1. 6). The frag- 
ment ends with manm maynond amy mano mdyp Aa 7d pr oD 
mvdyn amiva > nvmdy abay (ibid., sixth chapter of the same section, 
Per oc, Lode 

There is a number of slight variants. 

Eight paper leaves, measuring 87X5{ ins. (=20.9X14.9 cm.). 
Number of lines on each page is twenty-eight. Rabbinic cursive 
writing. These eight leaves form one fascicle. The string that fastened 
them is worn out. Recto of each leaf is numbered. We begin with 
n'a and end with 7"). [Friedenwald.] 


439 


Part of a kabbalistic treatise entitled mM7DND ATWwYy, by Menahem 
Azariah of Fano. 

On the upper right-hand corner there is some writing which is 
practically faded. It probably gives the date when it was written. 
The last few words are nawa 'S ora p"pd Gon May i 3= 1009 al he 
scribe seems to have been a 557 ‘3, but this name is not quite legible. 
The superscription is 

WOT 
[UP] Ory TN 

woin bs ones otpy °yann exon yo mbdiyn $$an mwas monn >> 
Inawi My ow won xva warty pri aa ypa taba. In the edition 
before me (M770 M7DN 7bD, Mohileff, 1810, with the commentary 
entitled A717 7°) this superscription is missing. Instead of the various 
divisions in this treatise being called 0°39°D, as in the printed edition, 
they are marked in this fragment as mo>nyo. The first division is 
not marked. The last division, which is marked in the printed edition 
as '7 0°D, bears naturally no heading in this fragment, for it is merely 
a résumé, and it explicitly states mDqyD yauX on NDR Woy. This 
treatise ends on fol. 6a with Psalm 42. 12, written in bold square char- 
acter. This verse is missing in the above-mentioned edition. Some 
of the pages are marked 7x which can only stand here for '7 max 
and hence are placed erroneously. 


Fol. 6b is blank. 


2D GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


Fol. 7a is headed 's pon mxax ” 7DND wwa. Then follow the 
initials y"ps (=—771y Omp JON). This continues till the bottom of 
fol. 10b which ends with man yaw ty bx ma ty) a2 yond 451 ano 
sypnn 712 mx (§ 10). 

A leaf is missing between fol 10b anf fol 1la. The leaf of No. 
440 is to be inserted here. 

Fol 11a begins with xabo7 xpnop Adm Nda Sanat moon diy 
Maas ($12). This treatise continues till the end of fol. 18b, which is 
badly damaged, the lower half being entirely torn off, The last 
legible word of that page is oynynd> (§ 27, beginning). Fol. 19a con- 
tinues fol 18b (one or two lines are torn off from fol. 18b) and begins 
with SD AT PD IND 'PA OT O”I2 NMNTID ANID (§ 27). The first 
part of this treatise ends on fol. 20b, and is followed by max 79ND 
ZS pon ”, The second part ends on fol. 30b, and is followed by 7px» 
a) pon ‘ max. There is no doubt that '3 is a scribal error and '} 
should be snbstituted for it. This part begins with yynr od svom 
Wa ID OMY Sy TON TT pIOD ywprn amp, and continues till the 
middle of 31b where the last line is 5D o& 7DNDD IDI AND’ wD Xd 
wy w’Da mDIpd Mwy ’n (beginning of §5). The remainder of this page 
and fol. 32a are blank. Fol. 32b begins sa7 oww wad sin 3°) ar aad 
papa m>ona nian ‘yon obnen xin ont Da) (end of $6). The bulk 
of § 5 and § 6 is also missing in the printed text and the printer’s 
note is 1) PAD ID TY AON SD S¥D] [NDI -NR¥O 7D. It is thus obvious 
that the scribe who copied this fragment found this part missing and 
left a page and a half blank in order to fill that part in. This part, 
which is the last of this treatise, ends on fol 33b. Fol. 34 is blank. 

Thirty-four paper leaves, measuring 87 X63 ins. (=20.9X15.5 cm.). 
Number of lines on each pages ranges from seventeen to twenty-five. 
Italian cursive character. These leaves form four fascicles which are 
fastened together by a string. Fascicle 1 and 4 have ten leaves each, 
while fascicle 2 and 3 contain eight and six leaves, respectively. A 
leaf is missing between fol 10b and 11a (that leaf is the one marked No. 


440), otherwise the codex is continuous. [Adler.] 


440 


Part of ma9ND MIwWYy by Menahem Azariah of Fano. This leaf 
is to be inserted between fol 10 and fol 11 of No. 439. 

Recto begins with odiya nop myw rnd ior 8d. warp Tw map] 
nin. (a mxax aoxo, I, § 10.) Verso ends with inly] oy bos oa 
cha ial pinpd ort 19501 (zbid., § 12. The printed text has pipp>!). 


PHILOSOPHY AND KABBALAH IANS 


This leaf is badly damaged. Both sides are marked 7"¥='7 MN2X. 
One paper leaf, measuring 8} X 6% ins. (=20.915.5cm.). Number 


of lines on each page is seventeen. Italian cursive character. [Adler.] 


44] 


Isaac Luria’s kabbalistic doctrines, as recorded by Hayyim Vital 
and other disciples (comp. on yy), with notes by mox, copied in the 
year 1662. 

This codex contains abxn DID yO. Ow ye OID ayy, 
obxm win ayy; "0 AyZ..7"D1]"0 ayy; mo>iyn apy ayy; mpopn ayy; 
a’> mpopn ayy; modiyn neny’m ovo ayy; o>wyn ayy; ayy 
maim otons nv; sn ayy; odb5a ayy; opisten ayy; yn ayy 
N/T NADIT; AVA BID WITT; ONT AYyw; IPA Mbw myo wIIT; AYA py 
AWN TWNAM; O73 WwW Mowa NaN AYA psy Twas; NI¥O MbonIF pay, 
NDNYT; VIPAT MN ANAT AY; O-N-A pay; odndim pay; mow? pay 
mw-n. 

The colophon runs: nawa-wpn oY am wpm pon n>nna onm 
owy) mew navacwSy ova obwn wtpon awn wind ay onwy mon 
52 7200 mr nans> own caw ows aaved a’onn mwa nay win> op 
3207p) ofa min> 9M Aad? ANT wpm adn nao ard) Sonnnd opsp 
Ty) Tnyo 'T Tx Jy C)qyar ‘1 yt pa Ppp win xb nD xp 
VD AyI wap prot Nom 7a ods bw inmao wad mma aby. 

One hundred and forty-eight paper leaves, fastened together by 
strings and forming a codex. They are numbered, and are in conse- 
cutive order form 3 to pap. Size 8X6 ins. (=20.3X15.2 cm.). The 
number of lines ranges from twenty-six to twenty-eight to a page. 
Oriental small cursive character. The headings and beginnings of 


paragraphs are in a beautiful square hand. [Adler.] 


442 


Recto seems to be the end of a kabbalistic book or chapter. It 
probably contained extracts from the 0°29 DID and similar works. 
The W727 15D and the Zohar are quoted. 

Verso has a note which, judging from the ink, was added by a 
later hand. It is in a large cursive character, written in the direction 
opposite to the writing on recto. The writer of the note states that 
he has all the works (?) in one volume. 

One paper leaf, measuring 836? ins. (=82.5X16.1 cm.). Late 


Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 


VII 
MISCELLANEOUS (MEpIcINE, FOLK-LORE, ETC.) 


443 


Part of the Arabic preface of the 53m 7pD by Sa‘adya.  Har- 
kavy published a larger fragment of this book in Studien und Mit- 
theilungen, vol. V. Our fragment begins with pyow (Harkavy, p. 
154;/12 16)-and endsawith# 339m), (bide pmlooe lat), 

The orthography is classical. In a few cases } is placed to rep- 
resent a short u, but is crossed out, as mminbx. The dagesh in » 
doubtlessly stands for a Tashdid. The numerals in the text are re- 
presented by letters of the alphabet, but are written in words on the 
margin. Thus? has 7y2D on the margin. These are probably correc- 
tions by a later hand, as are the other insertions above the lines. 


Diacritical points are only placed over » and x; but }=7, and ee 
— 


p= ands}. In mnenbsxa oa stands for. Ina few cases a slanting 
line above a letter represents uv; thus mmp’x 75D". 

On fol. 2 the ink corroded the parchment in a few places. 

This fragment which offers some important variants was published, 
annotated, and translated into English by Prof. Henry Malter in JOR.; 
New Series, vol. III, 487-499. 

Two parehment leaves, measuring 635 7;ins. (=17.4X13.5 
cm.). Number of lines on each page is eighteen. Oriental square 
character. These two leaves formed the inner sheet of a fascicle, 


as fol. 2a continues fol. 1b. [Adler.] 


444 


Part of a polemical work, in Jewish-Arabic, defending the tradi- 
tions of the Rabbanites against the attacks of various Karaites and 
Christians (mw ja and m>nxidbs). The question of calendation, as 
usual, forms an important part of the discussion. Was mwn ja a de- 
finite person who had a disputation with the author, or does the author 
attribute Christian views to a fictitious controversialist? 

Four paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, measuring 6}; 4% 
ins. (=15.12.4cm.).. Number of lines to a page ranges from sixteen 


to seventeen. Oriental cursive hand. [U.P.] 
214 


MISCELLANEOUS Ale 


445 

Part of a polemical treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, against the Christ- 
ian calendar, written by a Karaite. 

Toward the end of recto there is, in red ink, nbosnbse Sxpbsy (third 
section or chapter). We thus have the end of the second section 
and the beginning of the third. The writer refers to T1775 1) pixaqdbs 
(verso, 1. 5); hence it may be inferred that the author is a Karaite. 
Kirkisani wrote a treatise, or at least devoted a chapter to the subject, 
to refute the Christian doctrine (see, e.g., Hirschfeld’s Arabic Chresto- 
mathy, pp.116-121). The earlier Karaites, like Yusuf al-Basir, Kirkisani, 
and Japheth b. ‘Ali, employed the Arabic script, and it therefore seems 
likely that the present fragment is by a writer belonging to a later 
generation. Of course, there is the probability that it is a transcript 
of an original in Arabic characters. 

A > representing Arabic <s) has a dot inside. Thus aro The 
third section begins mby yonys NO INDD wa 7D MoNAdse Sxbde 
yisiox oxnpoy onnadxsn. 

One paper leaf, slightly damaged, mesauring 73 X54 ins. (=19.3 
x14 cm.). There are twenty-one lines to a page. Oriental cursive 
character. [Amram.] 

446 

The first leaf of the Arabic translation of Hippocrates’ book on 
medicine. Recto, which was blank, has some scribbling by a later 
hand. Verso is headed Pea Lb) 35) J 5.23 x 4) oN) Saad, 
On the top there has been added by a later hand se! 4\)| —~ 
wml, 

One paper leaf, damaged and faded, measuring 73 X54 ins. (=19 


X14cm.). Verso has thirteen lines. Beautiful Naskhihand. [Amram.] 


447 
Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on medicine. These leaves 
give the symptoms of some diseases as well as the remedies. 
Two paper leaves, badly torn and faded, measuring 635 ins. 
(=16.4X12.7 cm.). There are about twenty-seven lines to a page. 


Square character with a slight tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


Part of a treatise, in Hebrew, on medicine. This leaf enumerates 
the various diseases and ailments which man is heir to. It is written 


in good medieval style. 


216 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


One paper leaf, badly damaged, measuring 1033 X87 ins.(=27. 
421.1 cm.). There are twenty-nine lines to a page. Cursive char- 


acter. [Amram.] 


449 


Arabic script without diacritical points. 

Only a few detached sentences are legible, and these do not in- 
dicate the nature of the work. It seems to be part of a Karaitic trea- 
tise, possibly a discussion about medicine, as the word TJ} (= 4))) 
is apparently clear. But this is by no means certain. It may 
be only part of a scrap note-book. 

Two paper leaves, damaged, measuring 63% ins. (=15.2 8.8 
cm.). Number of lines to a page is irregular: eighteen on one side and 


thirteen on another. [Sulzberger.] 


450 


Part of treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, on calendation and astronomy. 
Is it by Sa‘adya? There are extensive grammatical and philological 
explanations, which may support the assumption of Sa‘adya’s author- 
ship. 

One paper leaf, badly torn on all sides and faded, measuring 
73X5f ins. (=19.7X14.9cm.). There seem to have been about thirty 
lines to a page. Square character with a strong tendency to cursive- 


ness. [Amram.] 
45I 


Part of a treatise, in Hebrew, on astrology. It gives the fortunes 
of persons born under the influence of the various constellations. One 
of the statements is: wox> arp Sita ays maba tbiw on ams AIT (recto, 
Le 

One parchment leaf, damaged and faded, measuring 736 ins. 
(=19.7X15.2 cm.). Number of lines ranges from twenty-two to 
twenty-three to a page. Square character with a tendency to cur- 


siveness. [Amram.] 
452 


Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic and Aramic, containing re- 
cipes for the preparation of medicaments and certain kinds of food. 
Recto has, in Jewish-Arabic, a remedy, which reads ispbadx Sol: 
PINT PINT TIT NID)... PVN FaI01 17M TINT. Verso has, in Aramaic, 


cures for a woman whose children die (pm 7327 =nx>) and for insomnia 


MISCELLANEOUS O47 


(407 xo wind). The writing on the margin of recto is a recipe, 
in Jewish-Arabic, how to extract fat from a goose (INTDNON APS IN 
nds 7177). 

A piece of parchment, the writing on which is partly faded, measur- 
ing 575 X85 ins. (=13.8X20.4 cm.). There are eight long lines to 
a page. Square character. Recto also has six short lines in a smaller 


hand. [Amram.] 
453 


Evidently a talisman, containing three lines, in a very large square 
hand, written from left to right. The shape of the letters is reversed, 
but the words can easily be read with the aid of a mirror. The lines 
are: 

sms Toe om Ory pow 
apbpno 115 Syne onde ond wap 
sy1 o>iy> imado tia5 ow 7172 
The word apbprp seems to be the name of a town or family. Comp. 
Kalyub (J 5.13), a town in Egypt. 

The other side is blank. 

A large piece of paper, irregular and torn, measuring 1537 ins. 
(39°53 17.3 emi)... -(|Amram:) 


454 


Part of a treatise on magic, charms, and cures. Hebrew and 
Jewish-Arabic alternate. 

Fol 1 is in Hebrew, and suggests the blood of an orphaned dog 
(aim avon ot) asa cure for certain ailments. Fol. 2a is in Arabic; 
fol. 2b is blank; fol. 3 is in Arabic; fol 4a is in Hebrew; fol. 4b is in 
Arabic. 

Four paper leaves, badly damaged and faded, measuring 63 X4 ins. 
(=16.412.4 cm.). There seem to be about twenty-two lines to 


a page. Small rabbinic cursive character. [Amram.] 


455 


Recto has a recipe, in Jewish-Arabic, for the making of wine or 
some such drink. Verso is covered with scribbling in Hebrew and 
Arabic characters, some one having used it to test his pen (adp mine) 

A piece of paper, torn and faded, measuring 675 X 37% ins. (=15. 
3X8.6cm.). Recto has thirteen lines. Square character with a strong 


tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


218 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


456 


Kabbalistic remedies and cures, in Hebrew and Arabic. 

Fol 1a is headed j1o1p, which is the introduction, and the first line 
reads pox bse man potp dx [owa=]woa ywynwr. Then follows 
a cure for all kinds of leprosy (in Hebrew). Fol. 1b gives a descrip- 
tion of certain potions (in Arabic). Fol. 2a is blank. 2b contains 
a recipe how to grow fat (Hebrew and Arabic). 

Two paper leaves; writing partly faded. Size 63 X44 ins. (=15.5 
Rel ie2 cm.). Number of lines ranges from eighteen to nineteen to 
a page, except fol. 2b which has ten lines. Oriental cursive char- 
acter.a (Usha 


457 


Part of a treatise, in Hebrew, on magic, charms, and incantations. 

Recto has two chapters. The first is entitled nbn n>xw, and tells 
us how to get a reply in a dream toa certain question. One wishes 
to know whether a certain thing is good or bad, and asks for an 
answer. He asks for this sign: if the thing is good, he should be 
shown pious scholars praying in a synagogue; if it is bad, he should 
be shown idolaters praying in unclean places. The second chapter, 
which is entitled mans, gives a formula how to induce love in another 
person. 

Verso has writing from left to right, the shape of the characters 
being reversed. It is possible that the letters were smudged on it 
from another page; but the regularity of the lines, despite the fact 
that the writing is obliterated, would lead one to assume that the 
copyist purposely wrote from left to right (see No. 453). The letters 
in some cases are tolerably distinct, and there seem to be biblical verses 
as formulae. 

One paper leaf, damaged and faded, measuring 93 X63 ins. (=24, 
8X16.8 cm.). There seem to be about twenty-three lines to a page. 


Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


458 


Part of a treatise, in Jewish-Arabic, containing magical formulae 
and _ folk-lore. 

In this leaf we are told, among other things, how to appease an 
enemy, how to free a prisoner, and how to obtain a favor. The re- 


petition of certain prescribed psalms can achieve all these things. 


MISCELLANEOUS 219 


A piece of paper, badly damaged and faded, measuring 6}§ X53 ins. 
(=19X11.7 cm.). Number of lines ranges from fourteen to seven- 
teen to a page. Square character with a strong tendency to cursive- 


ness. [Amram.] 


459 


Transcription, in Hebrew character, of pithy sayings and anec- 
dotes, in the Arabic language, of the philosophers and caliphs. 

The sayings of Socrates, the ascetics, Sufyan, and ‘Omar b. al- 
Khattab are mentioned. 

One paper leaf, damaged and faded, measuring 7 X47§ ins. (=17. 
812.5 cm.). There are seventeen lines to a page. Square char- 


acter with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


460 


A memorial list of scholars and prominent men. Mention is 
made of R. Dosa, the mighty lord in Israel; Josiah, Shemariah» 
Solomon ha-Kohen, head of the academy (apy px) Naw’ wet), and 
many others names, some of which, however, are illegible. 

This list was published by Dr. Julius H. Greenstone in JOR., 
New Series, vol. I, pp. 47-51. 

One paper leaf, badly torn and faded, measuring 83X83 ins. 
(=21.9X20.6 cm.). Each page is divided into two columns, and a 
full column seems to have had about twenty-three lines. This leaf was 
afterwards folded into two, dividing the columns. Square character 


with a strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


461 


A memorial list of scholars and prominent men and women. 

Recto is headed ommnbdx, and begins xnxw_2 rr3> av yaa. In 
a few cases it is stated that the person died in a foreign country (719M 
INVIODN YANA AwIT TaN Seow ‘1 ‘7, recto, |. 26), and of one man 
it is said that he was slain for the unity of God’s name ('1 ‘9 'p')'D 
own sin” Sy anmim ‘aim 1pm mpm, ibid, 1.17). The head of the com- 
munity to which these men belonged was Moses, for the prayer con- 
cludes with ovyrm op 7y) aban am wtp Srpz $$ bx wads Jaan 
witpn Sap 1 Sytin aat aw P22 19778 WII WI NeTp nd TaD 
yD) TON Man Tw ton 122 INA AWS oH. 

This list was published by Dr. Julius H. Greenstone in JQR., 
New Series, vol. I, pp. 57-59. At the end of the list there is the follow- 


220 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


ing legend which Greenstone omitted: mp onS mo onbs oxidx 127 
OMNOON D7). 

A long and narrow strip of paper, slightly damaged, measuring 
132313 ins (=34.9X9.6 cm.). Recto has thirty-nine short lines, 
while verso has only seventeen, written in the opposite direction, 
the rest of the page being blank. Square character with a tendency 


to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


462 


The genealogy of exilarchs. As the upper part is torn off, it is 
impossible to state with certainty for which exilarch it was prepared. 
It seems, however, plausible to assume that the list began with David 
b. Zaccai. This fragment begins with the word yon, and continues 
with hyperbolical titles, covering three and a half lines, applied to 
Zaccai. All the other exilarchs are merely metioned by name with 
the word 2. The genealogy is traced through David to Adam. 0n 
obviously refers to David. When we take into consideration the 
fact that this is the only case where 7)9n is employed instead of ]3, 
and that Zaccai is the only exilarch on whom titles are bestowed, 
we may assume that David was still alive, and that the genealogy 
was prepared in his honor. After the genealogy there are eight lines 
in Jewish-Arabic, in which the compiler, whose name is Abraham ha-Levi 
b. Tamim al-Rahbi, gives the reason why he drew up the list. He 
does not mention the name of the exilarch whom he was serving. The 
first two lines read: TONDPX TSN? OTDNI TYNON? A ANNPR TIT NAan> 
onts @mmbsios apantos maids mome>s moixds moxyds mands 
somtyo T>>e. 

A piece of paper, torn and damaged, measuring 64 X74 ins. (=15.8 
x18.4cm.). Recto has twenty-five lines, while verso is blank. Square 


character with a strong tendency tocursiveness. [Amram.]} 


463 


It seems to be a fly-leaf of a book. It contains five lines on recto, 
while verso is blank. Lines 2-4 read | Dyan seyam yt | nts My7D 
| Sxnw b> ned: wen. Did the book belong to the exilarch David b. 
Zaccai, Sa‘adya’s contemporary? 
A piece of paper, slightly torn, measuring 67% X348 ins. (=15.2 
x10cm.). Large cursive Oriental character, which does not seem to 


be that of a professional scribe. [!Amram.] 


MISCELLANEOUS 2A 


464 
A list of names, probably of Egyptian Jews. 
A piece of paper, slightly faded, measuring 53 X37 ins. (=14.3 X9.8 
cm.). Fourteen lines have been preserved on recto, while verso is 


blank. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 


465 


Recto contains a list of names. ‘It is written in square Hebrew 
character with a tendency to cursiveness, but the orthography is Arabic 
(thus DAN ,prioe; ). It has two columns, but the right-hand column 
has only two lines, the rest being blank. The other column has 
seventeen lines. Verso has seven long lines in Arabic script without 
diacritical points. 

A piece of paper, torn on all sides, measuring 5X73 ins. (=12.7 
X19 cm.). [Amram.] 


466 


A list of donations, in Jewish-Arabic, for the purpose of ransoming 
captives. 

Recto, col. a, is headed onaw jrap ‘m7 ‘wa. This is followed by 
a list of names. In some cases the address of the donor is given, and 
the streets seem to indicate that the list was compiled at Cairo. After 
the first list of names comes the following note ndy may omby Snyder 
NTONNS pap DTD>S NID 7D IT DDD) OFT A INDI Ja WWSI0 1aN 7 
pooam) mo °-pa omsqtbs anon smn. The collector, accordingly, 
took about three per cent. This is marked off by a line, and is followed 
by another list headed naxy *yow oY 'x'w SID Ton Tbs Jo ond Tbe. 
Altogether there are six lists of donations collected by different persons. 

The second column of verso is blank. 

One paper leaf, badly damaged and faded, meauring 103 X73 ins. 
(=26.6X19 cm.). There are two columns to a page, and at least 
twenty-seven lines to a complete column. Square character with a 


strong tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


467 


Recto has four columns, while verso has only one. 

A list of names, with headings in Jewish-Arabic. The men were 
probably members of various professions or guilds in Fustat. One 
group is headed nauNdx (physicians), and another paxoyox (vendors 


of perfume, or druggists). 


222 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


A piece of paper, badly damaged and faded, measuring 9X5? ins. 


(=22.8X14.6 cm.). Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 


468 


A list of Jewish-Arabic proper names. Probably a memorial 
list, or names of contributors to a certain institution or synagogue. 
It may also be a list of creditors or debtors. In some cases a sum of 
money is mentioned, as (!)m> mp aN TIy?s saNPT Ax? 7>...5sx aRDy 
yan 7x). 

One paper leaf, faded, measuring 10} 63 ins. (=26.617.4cm.). 
Each side is divided into two columns. There are two kinds of writing. 
Square character with a tendency to cursiveness, some of which was 


written with a thick reed. [Amram.] 


469 


A bookseller’s account, recording certain sums due for books. It 
begins ...jon mpa jonds 1ax qrwbs aay >. Mention is also made of 
the Sheeltot of R. Ahai (xm& at7 mn?NY jon ‘Vp ‘3D ATI), the 
translation or commentary of Daniel ('s77 ‘7 byrt oan), the Book 
of Buying and Selling (‘A747 'S SWI yaor 3NN3 71739)). 

A long and narrow piece of paper, damaged and faded, measuring 
114 ins. (=27.9X10.1 cm.). There are nineteen lines on recto, 


while verso is blank. Oriental cursive character. [Amram.] 


470 


Part of an account-book, in Arabic (both in Hebrew and in Arabic 
script). 

A piece of paper, torn off at the bottom, measuring 3} 54% ins. 
C20. 2 4 5- Secte): wel rain 


47\| 


Part of a grocer’s account-book. It seems to belong to the be- 
ginning of the eighteenth century, and covers a number of years. 
The dates are given in accordance with the Sidras of the week. One 
of the years is marked XA Jyw FIN My (=463 =1703). 

Seventeen narrow paper leaves, apart from three attached pieces, 
forming three fascicles fastened by a string. The second fascicle, 


which seems to be complete, has eight leaves, and it is likely that the 


MISCELLANEOUS 2235 


others also had the same number, but some of the leaves are torn off. 
Size 83X34 ins. (=21.9X7.9cm.). Number of lines to a page is ir- 


regular. Yemenite cursive character. [Sulzberger.] 


472 


It seems to be a grocer’s account-book, in Arabic. Recto is di- 
vided into two columns, and is in Hebrew script, whereas on verso 
Arabic and Hebrew characters alternate, and the lines-are not divided. 

On the second column of recto the following is still legible: >>» 
ods oy ad) tap anat yan onsbs mde ody... nynids ov raz pon wos 
yar) omnat 2 Jap 1D moO" yan Ax). 

A piece of paper, badly torn and almost entirely faded, measur- 
ing 8$X8 ins. (=21.2X20.3 cm.). Oriental cursive character. 


[Amram.] 


473 


A list, in Jewish-Arabic, of articles like coffee and pepper that 
were sold to somebody. 

A piece of paper, badly damaged, the writing of which is almost 
entirely faded. Size 83435 ins. (=22.5X10.9 cm.). Twenty lines 
have been preserved on recto, while verso is blank, except for two 


illegible words. [Amram.] 


474 


Recto has ten lines containing a list, in Jewish-Arabic, of articles 
bought, and an account due to the merchant. Among the articles 
mentioned are fish and saffron. Fish for six dirhems. Verso has 
a similar list, in Arabic script. 

A piece of paper, badly damaged, measuring 947 ins. (=23.5 
17.8 cm.). [Sulzberger.] 


475 


Record of expenses and accounts. It is probably comparatively 
modern, and the year ayn (=1732) seems to be discernible. 
One paper leaf, faded, measuring 8453? ins. (=27.6X14.6 cm.), 


Modern Oriental cursive character. [Amram.|] 


476 


Part of a calendar for the year 1117-1118 C.E. (=]mnuw> 'v’D'n'x), 


in Jewish-Arabic. 


ORES GENIZAH FRAGMENTS 1N PHILADELPHIA 


The beginnings of the lines are torn off, but the words 'y’D'n'x AID 
mrvw> are quite clear. We are told that the Fast of Gedaliah was 
on Friday (>) ox mynibm). The fragment breaks off with the 
Ninth of Ab. 

Verso has ['y’D] 'n’s ID (only the lower half of 'y'D is visible.) 

A piece of parchment, torn on all sides and in the centre, measur- 
ing 44X43 ins. (=10.7X11.9 cm.). Recto has preserved thirteen 


lines, while verso only has a few words, probably added by a later hand. 


Square character with a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


477 


Part of a descriptive calendar, in Jewish-Arabic, for the year 
1163-1164 (=4924 A.M.). It is headed 'p' 7mm yo mnbxnbds mb 
(the third year of cycle 260). 

Fol. 1a, which bears the title, has also some words, by a later hand, 
scribbled at random. Fol. 1b begins with ‘pm ‘nwa, and describes 
the year according to various eras: 71D °M NPD jm oT>N TIM NIMD 
‘po ano yo aNbsnbs om aprossS pawyr yaos mx yom ANos oyaIN 
pyom 9x om mauve mDe2) pyap mw yarry Abs cm pnd) prey cle 
waponm ma axno> anon. 

Some leaves are missing between 1b and 2a. The later begins 
with Passover. 

Two paper leaves, slightly torn and faded, forming the outer 
sheet of a fascicle. Size 54348 ins (=14.1X9.9 cm.). Number of 
lines ranges from eleven to twelve to a page. Square character with 


a tendency to cursiveness. [Amram.] 


478 


Recto is headed X29N7 JOwA, and contains the genealogy of Ezra, 
reaching as far as Adam. It ends with ma 124 Op ash lol-oewy CisOrias 
nan> 778 ?axno, in Hebrew character, and g.> )) Go>_sl4 Ul me. 

A piece of paper, slightly damaged, measuring 6} X33 ins. (=15. 
8X9.2 cm.). Recto has eleven lines in a beautiful square hand, while 


verso has only four fragmentary lines in Oriental cursive character. 


[Sulzberger. ] 
479 


It seems to be a model for penmanship. The first legible letters 


on recto are O°, which are the end of opm (Genesis 1.3). Verse 4 


MISCELLANEOUS 225 


is omitted, and this side ends with °», written several times, which is 
the incompleted op (zbid. 1.6). Verso also has a few stray words, 
and ends with 79)73 written very clearly. 

A narrow strip of parchment, badly damaged, measuring 54X24 
ins. (=13.3X5.6 cm.). Recto has fourteen lines, while verso has 


only seven in a large hand. Square character. [Sulzberger.] 


430 


A model for writing the Hebrew alphabet. Recto has nine words 
of three letters each px, 152, wd), m5, 437, 0D), 7y1, Dn, ysv; and thus 
all the twenty-seven letters, including the final forms, are disposed of. 
Verso has eight words, the first six of which consist of three letters 
each, while the last two have two each: 1}, pelm Valerie ise 1, OLIN, 
nv, (?)~i. The systems of the combinations are obvious in both cases, 

A piece of paper, measuring 6252 ins. (=17.1X14.6 cm.). 


Large square character. [Sulzberger.] 


48 | 


Arabic script without diacritical points. 

The writing is so illegible that nothing definite can be stated about 
the contents. Verso is practically blank. 

One paper leaf, damaged, measuring 6 4 ins. (=15.2 10.1 cm.). 
[Sulzberger.] 


482 


The writing is illegible, and nothing can be determined about the 
character of this fragment. 

A piece of parchment, damaged measuring 936? ins. (=42.1 
17.1 cm.). [Sulzberger.] 


483 


There is some scribbling on one side, which seems to be by a per- 
son who was trying to learn to write with a reed the modern Hebrew 
cursive script. The other side is blank. 

A piece of paper, slightly torn, measuring 737 X6% ins. (=20X15.5 


CMa). ue LAmraim.| 
484 
Scribbling in Arabic Naskhi script on both sides. 
A narrow piece of paper, measuring 93X33 ins. (=25.1 9.2 cm.). 


[Amram.] 


226 GENIZAH FRAGMENTS IN PHILADELPHIA 


485 


Scribbling in Arabic script. It may have formed the fly-leaf of 


a book. 
One paper leaf, damaged, measuring 7 X6 ins. (=17.8 15.2 cm.). 


[Sulzberger.] 
486 


Scribbling in Arabic script. It may have formed the fly-leaf of 


a book. 
One paper leaf, damaged, measuring 9} X52 ins (=23.5 X 14.6 cm.). 
{Sulzberger. ] 


487 


Scribbling in Arabic script. It may have formed the fly-leaf of 


a book. 
One paper leaf, damaged, measuring 4422 ins (=10.7X7 cm.). 
(Sulzberger. ] 


INDEX OR NAMES 


Abraham, 296.5 

Abraham he-Haber, 411 

Abraham Talmid, 368 

Abraham ha-Kohen b. Aaron, 346 

Abraham b. Elijah of Rome, 135 

Abraham b. Joseph, 333 

Abraham b. Joseph b. Hasan, 267 

Abraham b. Meir ibn Ezra; see 
Ibn Ezra, Abraham 

Abraham b. Moses ha-Melam- 
med, 351 

Abraham b. Moses Maimuni, 159, 
347 

Abraham b. Nathan, 351 

Abraham b. Nathan, 382 

Abraham ha-Levi b. Tamim al- 
Rahbi, 462 

Abraham b. Shemaiah, 340 

Abraham b. Sidkah, 364 

Abtalion, 286.4 

Abu’l-‘Ala b. Ezekiel ha-Levi,344 

Abu ‘Am b, Sa‘adya ha-Levi, 344 

Abu Ishak Barhon b. Isaac, 411 

Abu ’l-Hasan b. Abu’l-Wahsh, 
345 

Abu’l-Khaban (?), 218 

Abu’l-Munajja al-Kohen b. Abu 
l-Wafa, 345 

Abu Mansur b. Zaffan, 466 

Abu Nasr, 344 

Abu Nasr b. Khalf, 345 

Abu Sa‘d b. Israel, 285 

Abu Sahl al-Levi b. Joseph, 345 











Abu Yahya Jauharai (?) b. Nis- 
sim, 390 

Abu Yahya b. Nissim, 411 

Abu Ya'kub Yusuf b. Farh, 389° 

Abu Zakari Yahya b. Manasseh, 
383 

Abu Zakariyya Judah b. Moses, 
389 

Aguilar, Solomon, 368 

Al-Fasi; see Isaac Al-Fasi 

Al-Ghazali, 428 

Al-Hariri, 330 

‘Ali Abu ’l-Farah b. ‘Aris, 405 

‘Ali Efendi, 222 

‘Ali ha-Kohen b. Yahya 

Al-Sanjari, 307 

‘Alwan b. Nathan, 333 

Amarillio, Joseph, 408 

‘Aruk of Nathan b. Jehiel of 
Rome, 95, 96, 97 

‘Atiyyah b. Moses, 337 

Agzharot in Arabic, 262, 263 

Baka’ ha-Kohen b. Mukhtar, 336 

Barakatbatlari soo5 

Ben Meir, 332 

Benjamin b. Joseph, 334 

Ben Sira, 148 

Cordovero, Moses b. Jacob, 438 

Daniel the exilarch, 346 

David, 329 

Davids21 ono 2) 

David al-Fandari, 368 

David b. Abraham, 332 


228 


David b. Shechaniah, 401 

David b. Isaac, 401 

David b. Zaccai, 462, 463 

Eleazar, 273, 3 

Eleazar the Hazzan, 363 

Eleazar ha-Kohen ha-Hazzan b. 
‘Ali he-Haber, 365 

Eleazar Porek, 370 

Eleazar b, Abraham, 344 

Eleazar b. Jacob, 318, 339(?) 

Eleazar b. Japheth, 275(29) 

Eleazar be-Rabbi Kalir, 259(4) 

Eleazar b. Shelah ha-Levi, 391 

Elhanan b. Shemariah, 312 

Elijah b. Solomon al-Kustantini, 
378 

Elijah b. Zechariah, 347 

Ephraim b. Shemariah, 183 

Ephraim he-Haber b. Shemariah, 
330;5537,318 

Ezekiel ha-Kohen, 275(24),285 

Ezekiel ha-Kohen he-Haber, 2363 

Ganiyyah, daughter of Amram,334 

Gersonides; see Levi b. Gershon 

Hai Gaon, 143,155,156 

Falakot Pesukot, 120,136,140 

Hafion, 251 

Halfon b. Meborak, 341 

Hayyim b. ‘Amar, 383 

Hayyim b. Moses, 337 

Hefes b. Yasliah, 121,122,138,142, 
169 

Hillel be-Rabbi Zadok Ab Bet 
Din, 345 

Hunain b. Abraham, 335 

Ibn al-Abrat, 317 

Ibn al-Akhrat, 317 

Ibn Asad, 346 

Ibn Ezra, Abraham, 51,52,53,159, 
279(2),283(2),295(12) 





INDEX OF NAMES 


Ibn Ezra, Moses, 159,236(2),278 
(3),316 

Ibn Gebirol, Solomon, 159(1),230, 
Zo Lea, 05) LOOP ie. Soro 

Ibn Sason al-Maghrabi, 411 

Ibrahim b. Ya‘ kub, 357 

Isaac, 236 

Isaac, 273(5) 

Isaac, 283(1) 

Isaac, 284(1,2,3) 

Isaac, 295 

Isaac, 296(10) 

Isaac Cunim(?), 282 

Isaac ha-Kohen, 275(1) 

Isaac(?) ha-Kohen, 340 

[saac Al-Fasi, , 85,123,124,125, 
126,127,140,157 

Isaac Kanzi, 294 

Isaac b. Aaron Sajlamasi, 405 

Isaac b. Benjamin b. Shoshen, 370 

Isaac Ibn Ghayyat, 236,278(4) 

Isaac b. Mesabbar (?), 325 

Israel b. Moses Najara, 296(2,3, 
Gi, onl ied 2a) 

Jacob al-A‘ yan, 228(4) 

Jacob Guryani, 370 

Jacob ha-Kohen b. Joseph, judge, 
346 

Jacob ha-Levi of Corbeil or Mar- 
vege, 157, 158 

Jachin b. Abraham, 365 

Jacob b. Asher, 143,144 

Jacun be-Rabbi Semah, 300(2) 

Jair Abudari‘’, 362 

Japhetn, 275(6) 

Japheth ha-Hazzan b. David ha- 
HazzZal oon 

Japheth b. Amram ha-Kohen, 293 

Japheth b. Nissim, 339 

Jehiel ha-Dayyan, 361 


INDEX OF NAMES 


Jehiel b. Jekuthiel b. Benjamin 
ha-Rofe, 435 

Jehiel b. Judah, scribe, 356, 

Jeshuah ha-Levi b. Solomon, 336 

Jeshuah b....b. Moses Ab Bet Din, 
325 

Jesse(?), 240(1) 

Joseph, 252(9) 

Joseph (al-Bardani?), 252(13,14) 

Joseph al-Bardani, 253(13,14,15?) 

Josiah ha-Hazzan, 274 

Joseph ha-Kohen ha-Shofet., 337 

Joseph b. David, 338 

Joseph ha-Mumbheh b. Eleazar,365 

Joseph b. Isaac ibn Abitor, 250 
ee TOUS AO 20821 2 223651 
277 1,2),291(r),384(2) 

Joseph b. Jacob, 336 

Joseph ha-Hazzan b. Jacob,392 

Joseph b. Maimun(?), 369 

Joseph b. Moses of Trani, 162 

Joseph ha-Kohen b. Nissim, 365 

Joseph ha-Kohen he-Haber b. 
Solomon, head of the academy, 
392 

Joseph b. Solomon, 341 

Joseph b. Solomon b. Hur, 333 

Joshua, 296(9) 

Judah ha-Kohen, 220 

Judah ha-Sofer, 275(37) 

Judah Tamim, 362 

Judah b. Benjamin of Rome, 135 

Judah b. Joseph Fas (?), 161 

Judah Kohen b. Maimon, 371 

Judah b. Moses ha-Hazzan, 341 

Judah b. Samuel ha-Levi, 159, 
218,249,278(2),280(1,2),281(1) 
282,297 ,314,315,344,427 

Karimah, daughter of Nasir 

(Eleazar), 341 





229 


Khaba, daughter of Joseph, 338 

Khalifah b. Samuel, 371 

Khasib b. Abu Nasr, 351 

Kimhi, David, 57, 74 

Laniyyah, 407, 

Laniyyah, Samuel, 406 

Laniyyah, Solomon, 406 

Levi b. Gershom, 61 

Luria, Isaac, 441 

Machir, 275(28) 

Maimonides; see Mosesb. Maimen 

Manasseh b. Joseph, judge, 346 

Manoah (?), 260 

Mansur Kahana b. Moses, 333 

Masliah ha-Kohen, 342,343 

Mataban, Joseph, 409 

Mazzol Tob ha-Levi, 372 

Meborak b. Abu ‘Ah, 345 

Meborak b. Nathan he-Haber, 
346 

Meborak he-Haber b. Sa‘adya, 
404 

Megillat ha-Satan, 328 

Meir (?), 273(6,7) 

Menahem Azariah of Fano, 439 
440 

Menahem b. Berakot, judge, 346 

Mona, daughter of Perah, 335 

Moses, 279(1) 

Moses al-Ashkar, 371 

Moses ha-Kchen b. Aaron, judge, 
356 

Moses b. Isaac , 275(38) 

Moses b. Jacob, 411 

Moses b. Jacob Cordovero, 438 

Moses b. Jacob ha-Levi, 349 


Moses b. Jacob ibn Ezra; see Ibn 





Ezra, Moses 
Moses b. Maimon, 100,101,115, 
1221281797130, 1312132133 


230 


Moses b. Nahman, 102, 103,104, 
105,106,111,112 

Moses b. Sariwan, 362 

Mubassar ha-Kohen b. Abraham, 
S51 

Mudrik b. Musa, 390 

Nisi al- Nahrwani, 217,275(35,36, 

39,40,41,42,43,44,45 46) 

Nahmanides; see Moses b. Nah- 
man 

Nahum b. Perah, 335 

Nathan b. Jehiel of Rome, 95,96, 
97 

Nethanel b. Mesabbar (?),325 

Nathanel b. Sa‘adya, 347 

Nissim the Dayyan, 384 

Nissim b. Banaya, 399 

Obadiah b. Solomon, 363 

Nissim b. Jacob, 160 

Perahiah b. Joseph, 340 

Perahiah ha-Kohen b. Tarfon,291 

Phineas ha-Kohen, 259(5) 

Rashi; see Solomon b. Isaac 

Rida, daughter of Joseph, 396 

Rozanes Judah, 408 

Sa‘adya b. Eleazar, 340 

Sa‘adya b. Ephraim he-Haber 336 

Sa‘adya ha-Levi b. Hillel, 187 

Sa‘adya b. Joseph, 43, 44, 46,47, 
49,50,58,63,70,151,167,171,242, 
247(6,7,8),275(2),276,332,443, 
450 

Sahlan, 252(10) 

Sahlan, deputy of the academy, b. 
Abraham, 336 

Sa‘idah, daughter of Sa‘id al- 
Hatrushi, 373 

Salim b. Sa‘id al-Akhlufi, 373 

Salimah (?) b. Musa b. Isaac, 389 

Samuel, 289 





INDEX OF NAMES 


Samuel ha-Dayyan, 133, 134 

Samuel ha-Dayyan, 381 

Samuel the fourth; see Samuel 
the Third 

Samuel ha-Nagid, 379 

Samuel ha-Nagid b. Hananiah, 
344 

Samuel b. Hofni, 139,140,275, 
(fol. 39b) 

Samuel the Third b. Hosha‘na 
252(8),286(1,2),287(1) 

Samuel b. Jacob ibn Jam‘, 127 

Samuel b. Joseph (?), 288 

Samuel b. Judah, 346 

Samuel b. Judah, 380 

Samuel b. Nissim, 343 

Sar Shalom ha-Nasi, 185 

Sefer Hekalot, 436 

Semah ha-Levi b. Jacob, 333 

Sfax, town in Tunis, 414 

Shabbetai ha-Hazzan b Joseph, 
342 

Shams, daughter of Musa, 349 

Sheerith, the blind Hazzan, b. 
Japheth, 319 

Shelah b. Eleazar, 340 

Shemaiah ha-Haber, 411 

Shulhan ‘Aruk, 145,146 

Siba‘ b. Manasseh, 334 

Sibiliyyah, Joseph, 368 

Simbah b. Mesabbar (?), 325 

Sitt al-Dar, daughter of Isaac, 
339 

Sitt al-Dare-365 

Sitt al-Ruat, 345 

Sitt al-Yaman, 391 

Sittunah, daughter of Perah, 335 

Solomon (?), 271(1) 

Solomon, 292(1,2,3,4,5,6) 

Solomon, 253(6) 


INDEX OF NAMES 231 


Solomon, 253(9) 
Solomon of Barcelona (?),275(30) 
Solomon Barnash (?), 322 
Solomon Hazzan, 253(35) 
Solomon ha-Melammed be-Rabbi 
Elijah ha-Dayyan, 410 
Solomon b. Isaac, 54,56,68,99,109 
Solomon b. Jeshuah, 369 
Solomon (b. Judah ?), 252.11 
Solomon b. Judah ibn Gebirol; 
see Ibn Gebirol 





Solomon b. Nathan, 186 

Sulaiman, paitan, 253(10) 

Sulaiman b. Jeshuah, 356 

Vital, Hayyim, 441 

Yahya b. Elijah, 344. 

Yahyah b. Abraham, 318 

Zebadiah, 275(5) 

Zein-da, daughter of ‘Alom(?), 
333 

Zohar, quotations from, 331,442 


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INDEX OF POETIC LINES 233 


253,32, , . . . « « MOW WwW "WN | 252,18) 253,23... . DYN NON 
300.4 PpIX mma mad ww ypID JnwN | 253.29. . . . onn dx iyi nox 
456... TPL VN [OVI=]wHA yyynwN | 317... pp ADD wD AND TDN 
259,20) an  . MN Dao ns byp wax $2) Syn ovpnwy ox7DN 
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252.5° 253,26 . .Jayn mp py aod ne | 275.37. . . . oop ord. on oddox 
75.3 (OPN) OVA PTY UNAS . . .ony 7b Ipyx? aya os 


275.5 . . . NS wax ov dy uxny | 254.4; 253.25 

253.12. . . . . . NDI NUN ANN | 309.2 . nay wx ton Moy won oK 
298.1... . . . . PY ODVITNN | 263.18. . . Ioy pom mind wow ows 
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275.4 » ynyp jaw pos pons | 275.9 . nox mn marys nwND men 
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INDEX* OF  PORTIGCSUINES 


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299.1 PAN) Tn NT Pon 
209.3. . mmdy cow yDw DIA ts nn 
296.13 , mran i nnd mx 


INDEX OF POETIC LINES O35 


252.8... . . . .OO NV MavD , 296.3 . nw nPos aad oO” or yponn 
253.30. . MWY] IIONO WW IPM oOpind | 206.2 . . mo dam Joy Sy qow aby 
230% oy we PIND VSI ASN Ind | 206.1 oe. ee | UNTSI TOY TIN 
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